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Insights into Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Maintaining Immune Homeostasis
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Insights into Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Maintaining Immune Homeostasis

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2024) | Viewed by 2103

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vijay Kumar

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
Interests: tumor immunology; immunometabolism; innate immunity; sepsis; bacterial pathogenesis; pneumonia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Maintaining immune homeostasis is a crucial process. All immune components, such as immune (innate and adaptive) cells and humoral factors (cytokines, chemokines, and complement system components released), play an equally important role. Up- and down-regulation of any immune system component predisposes the host to different autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases, along with increased susceptibility to developing different infections and cancers. In addition, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a significant role in maintaining immune cell function and homeostasis. NK cells (innate immune cells) and CD8+ T cells (adaptive immune cells) are crucial cytotoxic lymphocytes with direct action on virus-infected and cancer cells. Hence, it is crucial to understand their role in maintaining immune homeostasis and the factors controlling their development and function. This special issue is a step toward understanding this critical issue in immunology.

Dr. Vijay Kumar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune homeostasis
  • immunometabolism
  • cytotoxic or CD8+ T cells
  • natural killer or NK cells
  • cancer
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • autoimmunity
  • immunodeficiency
  • sepsis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1114 KiB  
Article
Small Extracellular Vesicles Harboring PD-L1 in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by Sylvain Recoquillon, Sakina Ali, Grégoire Justeau, Jérémie Riou, M. Carmen Martinez, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, Frédéric Gagnadoux and Wojciech Trzepizur
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063208 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 582
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been associated with increased cancer incidence and aggressiveness. One hypothesis to support this association is the implication of immune response, particularly the programmed cell death pathway, formed by the receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1. Recent studies [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been associated with increased cancer incidence and aggressiveness. One hypothesis to support this association is the implication of immune response, particularly the programmed cell death pathway, formed by the receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1. Recent studies have shown dysregulation of this pathway in severe OSA patients. It has also been shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying PD-L1 induce lymphocyte dysfunction. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze the expression of PD-L1 on sEVs of OSA patients and to evaluate the role of sEVs on lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity. Circulating sEVs were isolated from OSA patients and the control group. Lymphocytes were isolated from the control group. Circulating sEVs were characterized by western blot, nanotracking analysis, and flow cytometry and were incubated with lymphocytes. Our results show no differences in the quantity and composition of sEVs in OSA patients and no significant effects of sEVs in OSA patients on lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that OSA does not modify PD-L1 expression on sEVs, which does not contribute to dysregulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Maintaining Immune Homeostasis)
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Review

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29 pages, 4102 KiB  
Review
cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis
by Vijay Kumar and John H. Stewart IV
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1828; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031828 - 02 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1146
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling [...] Read more.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a part of cGLRs. cGAS recognizes cytosolic dsDNA as a PAMP or DAMP to initiate the STING-dependent immune response comprising type 1 IFN release, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and cellular senescence. The present article discusses the emergence of cGLRs as critical PRRs and how they regulate immune responses. We examined the role of cGAS/STING signaling, a well-studied cGLR system, in the activation of the immune system. The following sections discuss the role of cGAS/STING dysregulation in disease and how immune cross-talk with other PRRs maintains immune homeostasis. This understanding will lead to the design of better vaccines and immunotherapeutics for various diseases, including infections, autoimmunity, and cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Maintaining Immune Homeostasis)
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