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Neuro–Immune Interactions in Health and Disease
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Neuro–Immune Interactions in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 11343

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giulia Bivona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: laboratory medicine; vitamin D; biomarkers; neurodegeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The idea that the nervous and immune systems constantly interplay has changed the understanding of the regulation of brain function and immune response, leading to the belief that cytokines can help cognition and feelings, while neuromodulators can regulate the immune response. The neuro-immune crosstalk in many tissues, including the gut, skin, brain, lymphoid organs, and lung, integrates environmental and host-derived signals and stimuli to orchestrate a wide range of physiological processes, driving tissue homeostasis. Several examples of neuro-immune crosstalk, counting the well-known gut–brain axis, the vagal nerve regulation of the immune response (so-called inflammatory reflex), and the neuron-to-glia communication, can be reported.

Unexplored perspectives on therapeutic strategies for many autoimmune, inflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as cancer, can be opened by insight into neuro-immune interactions. For instance, a role for vagal stimulation in inflammatory bowel disease treatment has been proved, and the involvement of neuron-to-glia communication in neurodegenerative diseases is the focus of on-going research.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research and review articles describing (i) novel neuro-immune interaction signals, molecules, and routes; (ii) neuro-immune interplay disruption mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis; and (iii) therapeutic strategies targeting molecular signals carrying on the immune and nervous systems communication.

Prof. Dr. Giulia Bivona
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nervous system
  • immune system
  • neuro-immune interactions
  • cytokines
  • neuromediators

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

14 pages, 784 KiB  
Review
Polarization of Microglia and Its Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis
by Léo Victor G. Castro, Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque and Adriana R. Silva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4925; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094925 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3714
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leaving the inflammation process without a proper resolution, leading to tissue damage and possibly sequelae. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first regions affected by the [...] Read more.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leaving the inflammation process without a proper resolution, leading to tissue damage and possibly sequelae. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first regions affected by the peripheral inflammation caused by sepsis, exposing the neurons to an environment of oxidative stress, triggering neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the most frequent sepsis-associated organ dysfunction, with symptoms such as deliriums, seizures, and coma, linked to increased mortality, morbidity, and cognitive disability. However, the current therapy does not avoid those patients’ symptoms, evidencing the search for a more optimal approach. Herein we focus on microglia as a prominent therapeutic target due to its multiple functions maintaining CNS homeostasis and its polarizing capabilities, stimulating and resolving neuroinflammation depending on the stimuli. Microglia polarization is a target of multiple studies involving nerve cell preservation in diseases caused or aggravated by neuroinflammation, but in sepsis, its therapeutic potential is overlooked. We highlight the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) neuroprotective properties, its role in microglia polarization and inflammation resolution, and the interaction with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK), making PPARγ a molecular target for sepsis-related studies to come. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuro–Immune Interactions in Health and Disease)
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23 pages, 994 KiB  
Review
Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases
by Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez, María Carmen Rodríguez, Marco Cerbón, Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez and Edgar Gustavo Ramos-Martínez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13427; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413427 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6492
Abstract
In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and [...] Read more.
In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and pathological conditions, the modulation of inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex has been proposed. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting chemical stimulation with cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, and their effect on inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuro–Immune Interactions in Health and Disease)
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