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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease: A Decade of Progress

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 2904

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppina Martella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
2. Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Educations and Sports, Pegaso University, 80143 Naples, Italy
Interests: pathophysiology; movement disorders; motor memory; motor dysfunction; synaptic plasticity; brain circuitry; basal ganglia; striatum (putamen); medium spiny neurons; mitochondria; neurologic and psychiatric disorders; protein synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Until several decades ago, psychological and behavioural interventions were the primary treatments for mental health disorders.

Thanks to modern psychopharmacology, medications are accepted to treat more psychiatric disorders.

Unfortunately, the mechanism behind many medications is unknown. Several therapeutic approaches are derived from neurological pathologies.

Psychiatric disorders are often present in various neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, migraine, essential tremors, and stroke. Depression, anxiety disorders, and cognitive impairment are the most common comorbid diagnoses in neurological diseases. It is important to note that comorbidities are frequently overlooked due to common neurochemical mechanisms or a loss of previous functioning levels.

Moreover, some medications may have drawbacks, including drug interactions, side effects, and low effectiveness. In light of these, evidence has become essential to characterize the molecular mechanism of neurological and psychiatric disease to ensure the best treatments are utilized.

The colossal effort of researchers to increase the knowledge of many psychiatric and neurological disorders in the last few decades has helped us to understand not only the developmental stages of many diseases but, principally, the mechanism of action of medication on specific molecular targets.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research articles (regular and rapid communication) and reviews on the underlying molecular mechanisms of psychiatric and degenerative diseases and the therapeutic properties of substances, including those derived from plants.

Dr. Martina Montanari (martimonty@gmail.com) is the Guest Editor Assistant of this Special Issue. Please feel free to contact us or Ms. Martina Montanari for details about the issue.

Dr. Giuseppina Martella
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
  • epilepsy
  • migraine
  • essential tremors
  • stroke
  • depression
  • anxiety disorders
  • cognitive impairment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 6144 KiB  
Article
Differences in Neuropathology between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine
by Songyi Park, Harry Jung, Sang-Won Han, Sang-Hwa Lee and Jong-Hee Sohn
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073706 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 377
Abstract
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used to develop new therapies. Understanding the transition from episodic (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial. We established models mimicking EM and CM pain and assessed neuropathological differences. EM and CM models were induced with [...] Read more.
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used to develop new therapies. Understanding the transition from episodic (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial. We established models mimicking EM and CM pain and assessed neuropathological differences. EM and CM models were induced with single NTG or multiple injections over 9 days. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed. Immunofluorescence utilized c-Fos, NeuN, and Iba1. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were analyzed. Neuropeptides (CGRP, VIP, PACAP, and substance P) were assessed. Mechanical thresholds were similar. Notable neuropathological distinctions were observed in Sp5C and ACC. ACC showed increased c-Fos and NeuN expression in CM (p < 0.001) and unchanged in EM. Sp5C had higher c-Fos and NeuN expression in EM (p < 0.001). Iba1 was upregulated in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM (p < 0.001). Proinflammatory markers were strongly expressed in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM. CGRP expression was elevated in both regions and was higher in CM. VIP exhibited higher levels in the Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM, whereas PACAP and substance P were expressed in the Sp5C in both models. Despite similar thresholds, distinctive neuropathological differences in Sp5C and ACC between EM and CM models suggest a role in the EM to CM transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease: A Decade of Progress)
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Review

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35 pages, 549 KiB  
Review
Trace Elements Levels in Major Depressive Disorder—Evaluation of Potential Threats and Possible Therapeutic Approaches
by Jacek Baj, Julia Bargieł, Justyna Cabaj, Bartosz Skierkowski, Gabriela Hunek, Piero Portincasa, Jolanta Flieger and Agata Smoleń
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15071; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015071 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
The multifactorial etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) includes biological, environmental, genetic, and psychological aspects. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in metallomic studies in psychiatry, aiming to evaluate the role of chosen trace elements in the MDD etiology as well as [...] Read more.
The multifactorial etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) includes biological, environmental, genetic, and psychological aspects. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in metallomic studies in psychiatry, aiming to evaluate the role of chosen trace elements in the MDD etiology as well as the progression of symptoms. This narrative review aims to summarize the available literature on the relationship between the concentration of chosen elements in the serum of patients with MDD and the onset and progression of this psychiatric condition. The authors reviewed PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases searching for elements that had been investigated so far and further evaluated them in this paper. Ultimately, 15 elements were evaluated, namely, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, copper, aluminium, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, calcium, manganese, chromium, nickel, and phosphorus. The association between metallomic studies and psychiatry has been developing dynamically recently. According to the results of current research, metallomics might act as a potential screening tool for patients with MDD while at the same time providing an assessment of the severity of symptoms. Either deficiencies or excessive amounts of chosen elements might be associated with the progression of depressive symptoms or even the onset of the disease among people predisposed to MDD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease: A Decade of Progress)

Other

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12 pages, 488 KiB  
Perspective
Trans- and Cis-Phosphorylated Tau Protein: New Pieces of the Puzzle in the Development of Neurofibrillary Tangles in Post-Ischemic Brain Neurodegeneration of the Alzheimer’s Disease-like Type
by Ryszard Pluta and Stanisław J. Czuczwar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3091; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063091 - 07 Mar 2024
Viewed by 581
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that experimental brain ischemia leads to dementia with an Alzheimer’s disease-like type phenotype and genotype. Based on the above evidence, it was hypothesized that brain ischemia may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease are [...] Read more.
Recent evidence indicates that experimental brain ischemia leads to dementia with an Alzheimer’s disease-like type phenotype and genotype. Based on the above evidence, it was hypothesized that brain ischemia may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease are two diseases characterized by similar changes in the hippocampus that are closely related to memory impairment. Following brain ischemia in animals and humans, the presence of amyloid plaques in the extracellular space and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles was revealed. The phenomenon of tau protein hyperphosphorylation is a similar pathological feature of both post-ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. In Alzheimer’s disease, the phosphorylated Thr231 motif in tau protein has two distinct trans and cis conformations and is the primary site of tau protein phosphorylation in the pre-entanglement cascade and acts as an early precursor of tau protein neuropathology in the form of neurofibrillary tangles. Based on the latest publication, we present a similar mechanism of the formation of neurofibrillary tangles after brain ischemia as in Alzheimer’s disease, established on trans- and cis-phosphorylation of tau protein, which ultimately influences the development of tauopathy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease: A Decade of Progress)
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