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Neurospecific Substances as Biomarkers of Central Nervous System in Periphery

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 2013

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Research Institute for Neurosciences & Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: neuroscience; neuropharmacology; neurodegenerative disorders; traumatic brain injury; animal models; behavior; neurogenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

we are pleased to announce a Special Issue for International Journal of Molecular Sciences entitled “Neurospecific Substances as Biomarkers of Central Nervous System in Periphery”.

The identification of reliable biomarkers is a key approach to the early diagnosis of pathological processes in the organism. Human brain state is usually estimated by brain-specific substances in peripheral tissues that are easily accessible for research, i.e., blood, urine, saliva, and, less often, cerebrospinal fluid. This approach also contributes to a better understanding of normal neurophysiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. However, due to the blood-brain barrier and a number of other reasons, such concordance or associations may be weak or completely absent. The relation between the concentration of neurospecific molecules in the periphery and their content in the brain remains unknown for most analytes. Recent advances in technologies of in vivo analysis (i.e., metabolomic analyses, neuroimaging (MRS, PET, SPECT), and blood assays for exosomes of brain origin) allow expecting a breakthrough in the field soon. This Special Issue is meant to highlight recent progress in the topic. We invite all types of articles providing new insights about brain-specific biomarkers in peripheral tissues, with a focus on human studies. Although human findings would go in priority, animal and translational studies presenting essential new knowledge related to the topic are also welcome.

Dr. Maria Tikhonova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • human
  • brain
  • plasma
  • serum
  • blood cells
  • concordance
  • post-mortem
  • neuroimaging
  • immuno-assay
  • blood-brain barrier
  • exosomes

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3078 KiB  
Article
Impact of Exercise Intensity on Cerebral BDNF Levels: Role of FNDC5/Irisin
by Clémence Leger, Aurore Quirié, Alexandre Méloux, Estelle Fontanier, Rémi Chaney, Christelle Basset, Stéphanie Lemaire, Philippe Garnier and Anne Prigent-Tessier
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021213 - 19 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 915
Abstract
The positive effects of physical exercise (EX) are well known to be mediated by cerebral BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), a neurotrophin involved in learning and memory, the expression of which could be induced by circulating irisin, a peptide derived from Fibronectin type III [...] Read more.
The positive effects of physical exercise (EX) are well known to be mediated by cerebral BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), a neurotrophin involved in learning and memory, the expression of which could be induced by circulating irisin, a peptide derived from Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) produced by skeletal muscle contraction. While the influence of EX modalities on cerebral BDNF expression was characterized, their effect on muscle FNDC5/Irisin expression and circulating irisin levels remains to be explored. The present study involved Wistar rats divided into four experimental groups: sedentary (SED), low- (40% of maximal aerobic speed, MAS), intermediate- (50% of MAS) and high- (70% of MAS) intensities of treadmill EX (30 min/day, 7 days). Soleus (SOL) versus gastrocnemius (GAS) FNDC5 and hippocampal BDNF expressions were evaluated by Western blotting. Additionally, muscular FNDC5/Irisin localization and serum/hippocampal irisin levels were studied by immunofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. Our findings revealed that (1) serum irisin and hippocampal BDNF levels vary with EX intensity, showing a threshold intensity at 50% of MAS; (2) hippocampal BDNF levels positively correlate with serum irisin but not with hippocampal FNDC5/Irisin; and (3) GAS, in response to EX intensity, overexpresses FNDC5/Irisin in type II muscle fibers. Altogether, peripheral FNDC5/Irisin levels likely explain EX-dependent hippocampal BDNF expression. Full article
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21 pages, 1659 KiB  
Article
Concordance between the In Vivo Content of Neurospecific Proteins (BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, S100B) in the Hippocampus and Blood in Patients with Epilepsy
by Maria A. Tikhonova, Anna A. Shvaikovskaya, Svetlana Y. Zhanaeva, Galina I. Moysak, Anna A. Akopyan, Jamil A. Rzaev, Konstantin V. Danilenko and Lyubomir I. Aftanas
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010502 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 625
Abstract
The identification of reliable brain-specific biomarkers in periphery contributes to better understanding of normal neurophysiology and neuropsychiatric diseases. The neurospecific proteins BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. This study aimed to assess [...] Read more.
The identification of reliable brain-specific biomarkers in periphery contributes to better understanding of normal neurophysiology and neuropsychiatric diseases. The neurospecific proteins BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the correspondence of the expression of BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in the blood (serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) to the in vivo hippocampal levels of subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent neurosurgery (N = 44) using multiplex solid-phase analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemical methods, as well as to analyze the correlations and associations of the blood and hippocampal levels of these proteins with clinical parameters. We first studied the concordance between in vivo brain and blood levels of BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in epileptic patients. A positive correlation for NSE between hippocampal and PBMC levels was revealed. NSE levels in PBMCs were also significantly correlated with average seizure duration. BDNF levels in PBMCs were associated with seizure frequency and hippocampal sclerosis. Thus, NSE and BDNF levels in PBMCs may have potential as clinically significant biomarkers. Significant correlations between the levels of the neurospecific proteins studied herein suggest interactions between BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Full article
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