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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 7268

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dimitri Lavillette

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Guest Editor

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
2. Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
3. CNRS, Institut des Sciences Biologiques, Paris, France
Interests: entry process of viruses; development of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies

Prof. Dr. Gong Cheng

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Co-Guest Editor

1. Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
2. Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
3. Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
Interests: pathogenesis of arboviral infectious diseases; development of strategies against virus infection and transmission

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogens, especially zoonotic viruses, are increasingly important in causing various infectious diseases in both humans and animals. The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is good example, showing how emerging pathogens can pose huge public health problems and economic losses within a short time. This situation demonstrates the importance of conducting various studies on infectious diseases, including understanding their evolution and pathogenesis, and developing immunotherapies. This Special Issue aims to collect papers focused on different aspects of infectious disease in both humans and animals. Papers aiming to improve understanding surrounding viral evolution, species jump, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment outcomes, especially those focusing on insect transmitted diseases, are most welcome.

Prof. Dr. Dimitri Lavillette
Prof. Dr. Gong Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

viruses
zoonose
entry
pathogenesis
vectors
innate response
vaccines
neutralizing antibodies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization and Diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae Prophages

by Fuqiang Kang, Zili Chai, Beiping Li, Mingda Hu, Zilong Yang, Xia Wang, Wenting Liu, Hongguang Ren, Yuan Jin and Junjie Yue

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119116 - 23 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1407

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common human commensal and opportunistic pathogen. In recent years, the clinical isolation and resistance rates of K. pneumoniae have shown a yearly increase, leading to a special interest in mobile genetic elements. Prophages are a representative class of mobile genetic elements that can carry host-friendly genes, transfer horizontally between strains, and coevolve with the host’s genome. In this study, we identified 15,946 prophages from the genomes of 1437 fully assembled K. pneumoniae deposited in the NCBI database, with 9755 prophages on chromosomes and 6191 prophages on plasmids. We found prophages to be notably diverse and widely disseminated in the K. pneumoniae genomes. The K. pneumoniae prophages encoded multiple putative virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. The comparison of strain types with prophage types suggests that the two may be related. The differences in GC content between the same type of prophages and the genomic region in which they were located indicates the alien properties of the prophages. The overall distribution of GC content suggests that prophages integrated on chromosomes and plasmids may have different evolutionary characteristics. These results suggest a high prevalence of prophages in the K. pneumoniae genome and highlight the effect of prophages on strain characterization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Infectious Disease)

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16 pages, 2905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mechanism of Tigecycline Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Revealed by Proteomic and Genomic Analysis

by Cunwei Liu, Lei Wang, Ping Wang, Di Xiao and Qinghua Zou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108652 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1545

Abstract

The mechanism of tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii remains largely unclear. In this study, we selected a tigecycline-resistant and a tigecycline-susceptible strain from a tigecycline-susceptible and a resistant strain, respectively. Proteomic and genomic analyses were performed to elucidate the variations associated with tigecycline resistance. Our study showed proteins associated with efflux pump, biofilm formation, iron acquisition, stress response, and metabolic ability are upregulated in tigecycline resistant strains, and efflux pump should be the key mechanism for tigecycline resistance. By genomic analysis, we found several changes in the genome that can explain the increased level of efflux pump, including the loss of the global negative regulator hns in the plasmid and the disruption of the hns gene and acrR gene on the chromosome by the insertion of IS5. Collectively, we not only revealed the phenomenon that the efflux pump is mainly responsible for tigecycline resistance, but also highlighted the mechanism at the genomic level, which will help in understanding the resistance mechanism in detail and provide clues for the treatment of clinical multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Infectious Disease)

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22 pages, 5262 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TDP-43 Controls HIV-1 Viral Production and Virus Infectiveness

by Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez, Silvia Pérez-Yanes, Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez, Judith Estévez-Herrera, Jonay García-Luis, Rodrigo Trujillo-González and Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087658 - 21 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1760

Abstract

The transactive response DNA-binding protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) is known to stabilize the anti-HIV-1 factor, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). TDP-43 has been reported to determine cell permissivity to HIV-1 fusion and infection acting on tubulin-deacetylase HDAC6. Here, we studied the functional involvement of TDP-43 in the late stages of the HIV-1 viral cycle. The overexpression of TDP-43, in virus-producing cells, stabilized HDAC6 (i.e., mRNA and protein) and triggered the autophagic clearance of HIV-1 Pr55^Gag and Vif proteins. These events inhibited viral particle production and impaired virion infectiveness, observing a reduction in the amount of Pr55^Gag and Vif proteins incorporated into virions. A nuclear localization signal (NLS)-TDP-43 mutant was not able to control HIV-1 viral production and infection. Likewise, specific TDP-43-knockdown reduced HDAC6 expression (i.e., mRNA and protein) and increased the expression level of HIV-1 Vif and Pr55^Gag proteins and α-tubulin acetylation. Thus, TDP-43 silencing favored virion production and enhanced virus infectious capacity, thereby increasing the amount of Vif and Pr55^Gag proteins incorporated into virions. Noteworthy, there was a direct relationship between the content of Vif and Pr55^Gag proteins in virions and their infection capacity. Therefore, for TDP-43, the TDP-43/HDAC6 axis could be considered a key factor to control HIV-1 viral production and virus infectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Infectious Disease)

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Review

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14 pages, 1492 KiB

Open AccessReview

Molecular and Genetics-Based Systems for Tracing the Evolution and Exploring the Mechanisms of Human Norovirus Infections

by Sheng-Chieh Lin, Geng-Hao Bai, Pei-Chun Lin, Chung-Yung Chen, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Yuan-Chang Lee and Shih-Yen Chen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 9093; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109093 - 22 May 2023

Viewed by 1871

Abstract

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are major causes of acute gastroenteritis around the world. The high mutation rate and recombination potential of noroviruses are significant challenges in studying the genetic diversity and evolution pattern of novel strains. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of technologies for not only the detection but also the analysis of complete genome sequences of noroviruses and the future prospects of detection methods for tracing the evolution and genetic diversity of human noroviruses. The mechanisms of HuNoV infection and the development of antiviral drugs have been hampered by failure to develop the infectious virus in a cell model. However, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of reverse genetics for the recovery and generation of infectious viral particles, suggesting the utility of this genetics-based system as an alternative for studying the mechanisms of viral infection, such as cell entry and replication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Infectious Disease)

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