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Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases
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Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 5374

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ji Hyun Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: atopic dermatitis; psoriasis; inflammatory; skin disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Skin diseases, including inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hair loss, vitiligo, and acne, and skin cancer, are among the most chronic and difficult-to-treat conditions which constantly challenge dermatologists. Refractory patients always have an unmet need for innovative and effective new treatments. With advances in evidence-based molecular research, these therapies are being developed and are actively being investigated in clinical trials. Therefore, this Special Issue titled “Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases” aims to highlight the molecular biological advances that are currently being made in the treatment of skin and skin diseases and to use them for patient care. In this issue, we welcome papers that focus on emerging pathogenic mechanisms in skin disease research, reviewing them and exploring the promise of therapeutics targeting them. We hope to provide new inspiration for better understanding skin and skin diseases, and for better treating them.

Dr. Ji Hyun Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atopic dermatitis
  • psoriasis
  • alopecia
  • vitiligo
  • acne
  • skin cancer
  • JAK-STAT
  • inflammatory skin disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1804 KiB  
Communication
Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Alopecia Areata
by Ji Hae Lee, Ji Hae Shin, Ji Yoon Kim, Hyun Jeong Ju and Gyong Moon Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4256; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084256 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 473
Abstract
Imbalances in gut microbiota reportedly contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, but the association between the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) and gut microbial dysbiosis remains unclear. This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify and compare the composition of the gut microbiome [...] Read more.
Imbalances in gut microbiota reportedly contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, but the association between the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) and gut microbial dysbiosis remains unclear. This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify and compare the composition of the gut microbiome in patients affected by AA and those in a healthy control (HC) group, and to investigate possible bacterial biomarkers for the disease. Fecal samples were collected from 19 AA patients and 20 HCs to analyze the relationship with fecal bacteria. The three major genera constituting the gut microbiome of AA patients were Bacteroides, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium. The alpha diversity of the AA group was not statistically significant different from that of the HC group. However, bacterial community composition in the AA group was significantly different from that of HC group according to Jensen–Shannon dissimilarities. In patients with AA, we found an enriched presence of the genera Blautia and Eubacterium_g5 compared to the HC group (p < 0.05), whereas Bacteroides were less prevalent (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota of AA patients was distinct from those of the HC group. Our findings suggest a possible involvement of gut microbiota in in the as-yet-undefined pathogenesis of AA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases)
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15 pages, 3978 KiB  
Article
Multi-System-Level Analysis Reveals Differential Expression of Stress Response-Associated Genes in Inflammatory Solar Lentigo
by Jisu Jeong, Wonmin Lee, Ye-Ah Kim, Yun-Ji Lee, Sohyun Kim, Jaeyeon Shin, Yueun Choi, Jihan Kim, Yoonsung Lee, Man S. Kim and Soon-Hyo Kwon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3973; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073973 - 03 Apr 2024
Viewed by 522
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of solar lentigo (SL) involves chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, cellular senescence, and upregulated melanogenesis, underlying molecular-level mechanisms associated with SL remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms intimately linked to inflammation in SL. [...] Read more.
Although the pathogenesis of solar lentigo (SL) involves chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, cellular senescence, and upregulated melanogenesis, underlying molecular-level mechanisms associated with SL remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms intimately linked to inflammation in SL. Skin samples from patients with SL with or without histological inflammatory features were obtained. RNA-seq data from the samples were analyzed via multiple analysis approaches, including exploration of core inflammatory gene alterations, identifying functional pathways at both transcription and protein levels, comparison of inflammatory module (gene clusters) activation levels, and analyzing correlations between modules. These analyses disclosed specific core genes implicated in oxidative stress, especially the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B in the inflammatory SLs, while genes associated with protective mechanisms, such as SLC6A9, were highly expressed in the non-inflammatory SLs. For inflammatory modules, Extracellular Immunity and Mitochondrial Innate Immunity were exclusively upregulated in the inflammatory SL. Analysis of protein–protein interactions revealed the significance of CXCR3 upregulation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory SL. In conclusion, the upregulation of stress response-associated genes and inflammatory pathways in response to UV-induced oxidative stress implies their involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory SL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases)
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16 pages, 2926 KiB  
Article
Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Stress and Melanogenesis in B16-F1 Melanocytes via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Tyrosinase Properties
by Juvenia Rui En Neo, Cheryl Wei Ling Teo, Yee Wei Ung and Wei Ney Yap
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15373; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015373 - 19 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Our skin is constantly exposed to blue light (BL), which is abundant in sunlight and emitted by digital devices. Prolonged exposure to BL can lead to oxidative stress-induced damages and skin hyperpigmentation. For this study, we used a cell line-based model to examine [...] Read more.
Our skin is constantly exposed to blue light (BL), which is abundant in sunlight and emitted by digital devices. Prolonged exposure to BL can lead to oxidative stress-induced damages and skin hyperpigmentation. For this study, we used a cell line-based model to examine the protective effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on BL-induced oxidative stress and hyperpigmentation in B16-F1 melanocytes. Alpha-tocopherol (αTP) was used as a comparator. Molecular assays such as cell viability assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, fluorescence imaging, melanin and tyrosinase analysis were performed. Our results showed that TRF effectively suppressed the formation of reactive oxygen species and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, TRF exhibited anti-apoptotic properties by reducing the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase molecule and downregulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, TRF modulated tyrosinase activity, resulting in a lowered rate of melanogenesis and reduced melanin production. In contrast, αTP did not exhibit significant protective effects against skin damages and pigmentation in BL-induced B16-F1 cells. Therefore, this study indicates that TRF may offer superior protective effects over αTP against the effects of BL on melanocytes. These findings demonstrate the potential of TRF as a protective natural ingredient that acts against BL-induced skin damages and hyperpigmentation via its anti-oxidative and anti-melanogenic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases)
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Review

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22 pages, 1201 KiB  
Review
Molecular Frontiers in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Advances
by Hyun Jee Kim and Yeong Ho Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2984; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052984 - 04 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1323
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing on molecular mechanisms [...] Read more.
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing on molecular mechanisms in melanoma genesis. It highlights how mutations, particularly in the BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, and GNAQ/GNA11 genes, affect critical signaling pathways. The evolution of diagnostic techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, liquid biopsies, and molecular biomarkers for early detection and prognosis, is also discussed. The therapeutic landscape has transformed with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, improving patient outcomes. This paper examines the efficacy, challenges, and prospects of these treatments, including recent clinical trials and emerging strategies. The potential of novel treatment strategies, including neoantigen vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, microbiome interactions, and nanoparticle-based combination therapy, is explored. These advances emphasize the challenges of therapy resistance and the importance of personalized medicine. This review underlines the necessity for evidence-based therapy selection in managing the increasing global incidence of melanoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases)
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20 pages, 1690 KiB  
Review
The Biology and Genomics of Human Hair Follicles: A Focus on Androgenetic Alopecia
by Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran, Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma, Melissa Garcia-Garcia, Denisse Bajo Gauzin, Andrea Sarro-Ramírez, Carolina Gonzalez-Carrillo, Denise Rodríguez-Sardin, Alejandro Fuentes and Alejandro Cardenas-Lopez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2542; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052542 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1315
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a highly prevalent condition mainly affecting men. This complex trait is related to aging and genetics; however, multiple other factors, for example, lifestyle, are also involved. Despite its prevalence, the underlying biology of androgenetic alopecia remains elusive, and thus advances [...] Read more.
Androgenetic alopecia is a highly prevalent condition mainly affecting men. This complex trait is related to aging and genetics; however, multiple other factors, for example, lifestyle, are also involved. Despite its prevalence, the underlying biology of androgenetic alopecia remains elusive, and thus advances in its treatment have been hindered. Herein, we review the functional anatomy of hair follicles and the cell signaling events that play a role in follicle cycling. We also discuss the pathology of androgenetic alopecia and the known molecular mechanisms underlying this condition. Additionally, we describe studies comparing the transcriptional differences in hair follicles between balding and non-balding scalp regions. Given the genetic contribution, we also discuss the most significant risk variants found to be associated with androgenetic alopecia. A more comprehensive understanding of this pathology may be generated through using multi-omics approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research Progress of Skin and Skin Diseases)
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