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Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edition
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Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 6796

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioannis Alexandros Charitos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Assistant Medical Director (EMS-PA) Researcher, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri (ICS), Research Hospitals of National Interest (IRCCS), Section of Bari, Pavia, Italy
Interests: toxicology; xenobiotics; anesthesia and critical care; human microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Certain changes that occur in the human microbiome lead not only to unfavorable conditions for the homeostasis of the organism, but can also facilitate the growth of benign or malignant conditions. This change can be induced and influenced by the microenvironment of each individual microbiota and therefore by internal or external factors such as diet, toxic substances, etc. Both quantitative and qualitative variations of the microbiome (dysbiosis) play important roles in the development of systemic (such as autoimmune diseases) or local diseases (such as intestinal inflammations). Therefore, studying the interactions that the human microbiota of the host has with these factors in depth plays a crucial role in the prevention and management of certain pathologies. Germ cells interacting with cells and/or their surrounding tissues is important for the maturation of the environment and for the development of structural modifications. The eubiotic microbiota regulates the immunity response but also influences the mechanism of action and toxicity of drugs. Considering this, it is important to look for interactions even between the various axes of the microbiota such as gut/brain, gut/liver and others. To date, the biomechanisms underlying these interactions are becoming a fundamental springboard for medical research in treatment and prevention.

We are soliciting articles on the regulation of the microbiome/microbiota against dysbiosis, and the management of certain diseases related to it. We are particularly interested in recent articles reporting on the relevance of biomolecular regulation mechanisms through various factors of host–microbiome interactions by inviting researchers to contribute original research papers and review articles that will help us understand these underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of potential discoveries and strategies for curing diseases from dysbiosis.

Dr. Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • dysbiosis
  • microbiology
  • immunity
  • cytokine/chemokine networks
  • microbiota axes pathways
  • toxic substances
  • autoimmunity

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

33 pages, 5100 KiB  
Review
Biomolecular Actions by Intestinal Endotoxemia in Metabolic Syndrome
by Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Maria Aliani, Pasquale Tondo, Maria Venneri, Giorgio Castellana, Giulia Scioscia, Francesca Castellaneta, Donato Lacedonia and Mauro Carone
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052841 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 874
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that concurrently act as factors promoting systemic pathologies such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. It is now believed to encompass six main interacting conditions: visceral fat, imbalance of lipids (dyslipidemia), hypertension, insulin resistance (with [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that concurrently act as factors promoting systemic pathologies such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. It is now believed to encompass six main interacting conditions: visceral fat, imbalance of lipids (dyslipidemia), hypertension, insulin resistance (with or without impairing both glucose tolerance and fasting blood sugar), and inflammation. In the last 10 years, there has been a progressive interest through scientific research investigations conducted in the field of metabolomics, confirming a trend to evaluate the role of the metabolome, particularly the intestinal one. The intestinal microbiota (IM) is crucial due to the diversity of microorganisms and their abundance. Consequently, IM dysbiosis and its derivate toxic metabolites have been correlated with MetS. By intervening in these two factors (dysbiosis and consequently the metabolome), we can potentially prevent or slow down the clinical effects of the MetS process. This, in turn, may mitigate dysregulations of intestinal microbiota axes, such as the lung axis, thereby potentially alleviating the negative impact on respiratory pathology, such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the biomolecular mechanisms through which the IM influences the host’s metabolism via a dysbiosis metabolome in both normal and pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, we seek to provide a description of the knowledge to date of the IM and its metabolome and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, we analyze the interactions between the functions of the IM and the pathophysiology of major metabolic diseases via local and systemic metabolome’s relate endotoxemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edition)
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23 pages, 2711 KiB  
Review
Mechanism of Iron Ion Homeostasis in Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota Remodeling
by Honghong Bao, Yi Wang, Hanlin Xiong, Yaoyao Xia, Zhifu Cui and Lingbin Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020727 - 05 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1339
Abstract
Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria. Iron deficiency or excess can negatively affect bacterial hosts. Studies [...] Read more.
Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria. Iron deficiency or excess can negatively affect bacterial hosts. Studies have reported a major role of iron in the human intestine, which is necessary for maintaining body homeostasis and intestinal barrier function. Organisms can maintain their normal activities and regulate some cancer cells in the body by regulating iron excretion and iron-dependent ferroptosis. In addition, iron can modify the interaction between hosts and microorganisms by altering their growth and virulence or by affecting the immune system of the host. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) were reported to increase trace elements, protect the host intestinal barrier, mitigate intestinal inflammation, and regulate immune function. This review article focuses on the two aspects of the iron and gut and generally summarizes the mechanistic role of iron ions in intestinal immunity and the remodeling of gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 1558 KiB  
Review
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Interventions and Microbiome in Phenylketonuria
by Francesca Ubaldi, Claudia Frangella, Veronica Volpini, Paola Fortugno, Federica Valeriani and Vincenzo Romano Spica
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17428; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417428 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1081
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) comprise a diverse group of monogenic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that result either in a toxic accumulation of metabolic intermediates or a shortage of essential end-products. Certain IEMs, like phenylketonuria (PKU), necessitate stringent dietary intervention that could [...] Read more.
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) comprise a diverse group of monogenic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that result either in a toxic accumulation of metabolic intermediates or a shortage of essential end-products. Certain IEMs, like phenylketonuria (PKU), necessitate stringent dietary intervention that could lead to microbiome dysbiosis, thereby exacerbating the clinical phenotype. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of PKU therapies on the intestinal microbiota. This research was conducted following the PRISMA Statement, with data from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. A total of 18 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were published from 2011 to 2022. Significant reductions in several taxonomic groups in individuals with PKU when compared to the control group were detected in a quantitative analysis conducted across seven studies. The meta-analysis synthesis indicates a contrast in biodiversity between PKU subjects and the control population. Additionally, the meta-regression results, derived from the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio data, suggest a potential influence of diet in adult PKU populations (p = 0.004). It is worth noting that the limited number of studies calls for further research and analysis in this area. Our findings indicate the necessity of enhancing understanding of microbiota variability in reaction to treatments among PKU subjects to design tailored therapeutic and nutritional interventions to prevent complications resulting from microbiota disruption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 8655 KiB  
Review
Effects of Vitamin E on the Gut Microbiome in Ageing and Its Relationship with Age-Related Diseases: A Review of the Current Literature
by Dashine Gothandapani and Suzana Makpol
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914667 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2939
Abstract
Ageing is inevitable in all living organisms and is associated with physical deterioration, disease and eventually death. Dysbiosis, which is the alteration of the gut microbiome, occurs in individuals during ageing, and plenty of studies support that gut dysbiosis is responsible for the [...] Read more.
Ageing is inevitable in all living organisms and is associated with physical deterioration, disease and eventually death. Dysbiosis, which is the alteration of the gut microbiome, occurs in individuals during ageing, and plenty of studies support that gut dysbiosis is responsible for the progression of different types of age-related diseases. The economic burden of age-linked health issues increases as ageing populations increase. Hence, an improvement in disease prevention or therapeutic approaches is urgently required. In recent years, vitamin E has garnered significant attention as a promising therapeutic approach for delaying the ageing process and potentially impeding the development of age-related disease. Nevertheless, more research is still required to understand how vitamin E affects the gut microbiome and how it relates to age-related diseases. Therefore, we gathered and summarized recent papers in this review that addressed the impact of the gut microbiome on age-related disease, the effect of vitamin E on age-related disease along with the role of vitamin E on the gut microbiome and the relationship with age-related diseases which are caused by ageing. Based on the studies reported, different bacteria brought on various age-related diseases with either increased or decreased relative abundances. Some studies have also reported the positive effects of vitamin E on the gut microbiome as beneficial bacteria and metabolites increase with vitamin E supplementation. This demonstrates how vitamin E is vital as it affects the gut microbiome positively to delay ageing and the progression of age-related diseases. The findings discussed in this review will provide a simplified yet deeper understanding for researchers studying ageing, the gut microbiome and age-related diseases, allowing them to develop new preclinical and clinical studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome and Metabolome in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd Edition)
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