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Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, oncology care has shifted from a one-size-fits-all paradigm toward a personalized treatment, selected on the basis of patient-specific molecular and clinical characteristics. More recently, so-called liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and monitoring cancer-medicine approach has entered the oncology landscape, with the promise to revolutionize the standard clinical approach.

Liquid biopsy allows the detection of different circulating molecules in the bloodstream and other body fluids which may have a key role in diagnosing, monitoring tumor evolution, and evaluating treatment response as well as resistance. These include but are not limited to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor RNAs (ctRNAs) as well as miRNAs and lncRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs).

We invite researchers and authors to submit original research which pinpoints the application of liquid biopsy as an innovative tool in cancer as well as its possible application in clinical routine practice. Articles may also be focused on understanding how circulating molecules offer new therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. Review articles that describe the state of the art on this topic are also encouraged.

Dr. Gloria Ravegnini
Dr. Dario de Biase
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Precision Medicine
Cancer
ctDNA
ctRNA
Circulating miRNAs and lncRNA
Exosomes and extravesicles
Personalized therapy
Liquid biopsy
Circulating molecules

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Research

23 pages, 3217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extracellular Vesicle Separation Techniques Impact Results from Human Blood Samples: Considerations for Diagnostic Applications

by Theophilos Tzaridis, Daniel Bachurski, Shu Liu, Kristin Surmann, Felix Babatz, Manuela Gesell Salazar, Uwe Völker, Michael Hallek, Ulrich Herrlinger, Ina Vorberg, Christoph Coch, Katrin S. Reiners and Gunther Hartmann

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9211; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179211 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2962

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reminiscent of their cell of origin and thus represent a valuable source of biomarkers. However, for EVs to be used as biomarkers in clinical practice, simple, comparable, and reproducible analytical methods must be applied. Although progress is being made in EV separation methods for human biofluids, the implementation of EV assays for clinical diagnosis and common guidelines are still lacking. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of established EV separation techniques from human serum and plasma, including ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), followed by concentration using (a) ultracentrifugation, (b) ultrafiltration, or (c) precipitation, and immunoaffinity isolation. We analyzed the size, number, protein, and miRNA content of the obtained EVs and assessed the functional delivery of EV cargo. Our results demonstrate that all methods led to an adequate yield of small EVs. While no significant difference in miRNA content was observed for the different separation methods, ultracentrifugation was best for subsequent flow cytometry analysis. Immunoaffinity isolation is not suitable for subsequent protein analyses. SEC + ultracentrifugation showed the best functional delivery of EV cargo. In summary, combining SEC with ultracentrifugation gives the highest yield of pure and functional EVs and allows reliable analysis of both protein and miRNA contents. We propose this combination as the preferred EV isolation method for biomarker studies from human serum or plasma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circulating Molecules and Precision Medicine in Cancer)

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