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Cell Therapy Approaches for Diabetes

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 June 2022) | Viewed by 5903

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental, Diascostic and Specialty Medicine o.p. Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: stem cells; amniotic membrane; mesenchymal stem cells; Wharton jelly; beta cell differentiation; immunomodulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pancreatic islet beta cells are endocrine cells producing the hormone insulin that control the metabolism of glucose.

An autoimmune attack can cause a loss of beta cells, leading to a disease termed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Treatment with exogenous insulin is a life-saving intervention, but it can cause serious adverse effects. Over time, severe complications can arise in T1D patients. Frequently, these complications cannot be managed effectively. Since the discovery of insulin, many steps have been taken towards a safer and more effective treatment for T1D. Transplantation of cadaveric pancreas and isolated islets showed that beta cell replacement can treat T1D and prevents complications very effectively, but both strategies have important limitations.

Regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy may represent the solution for the treatment of non-curable human diseases such as T1D. Certain types of stem and progenitor cells can be harnessed to generate insulin-producing cells for beta-cell replenishment. Other types of stem/progenitor cells can be utilized to inhibit autoimmune mechanisms and the rejection of transplanted beta-cell. Moreover, some of them can exert trophic effects on beta cells. In this Special Issue, multiple stem and progenitor cells can be investigated to better define their potential as cell therapies for T1D.

Dr. Laura Bonsi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pancreatic differentiation
  • stem cells
  • diabetes
  • mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells
  • pancreatic islets

Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 3638 KiB  
Article
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Spontaneous Diabetes and Autoimmune Recurrence in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice by Enhancing Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells and Showed Potential for Use in Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
by Shing-Hwa Huang, Shun-Li Kuo, Shyi-Jou Chen, Jeng-Rong Lin, Yuan-Wu Chen, Zhi-Jie Hong, Huey-Kang Sytwu and Gu-Jiun Lin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031169 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2477
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of β cells in pancreatic islets by autoimmune T cells. Islet transplantation has been established as an effective treatment for T1D. However, the survival of islet grafts is often disrupted by recurrent autoimmunity. Alpha-lipoic [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of β cells in pancreatic islets by autoimmune T cells. Islet transplantation has been established as an effective treatment for T1D. However, the survival of islet grafts is often disrupted by recurrent autoimmunity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of T1D. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ALA in autoimmunity inhibition. We treated non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with spontaneous diabetes and islet-transplantation mice with ALA. The onset of diabetes was decreased and survival of the islet grafts was extended. The populations of Th1 cells decreased, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased in ALA-treated mice. The in vitro Treg differentiation was significantly increased by treatment with ALA. The adoptive transfer of ALA-differentiated Tregs into NOD recipients improved the outcome of the islet grafts. Our results showed that in vivo ALA treatment suppressed spontaneous diabetes and autoimmune recurrence in NOD mice by inhibiting the Th1 immune response and inducing the differentiation of Tregs. Our study also demonstrated the therapeutic potential of ALA in Treg-based cell therapies and islet transplantation used in the treatment of T1D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Therapy Approaches for Diabetes)
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Review

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20 pages, 818 KiB  
Review
Perinatal Stem Cell Therapy to Treat Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Never-Say-Die Story of Differentiation and Immunomodulation
by Francesca Paris, Valeria Pizzuti, Pasquale Marrazzo, Andrea Pession, Francesco Alviano and Laura Bonsi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314597 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2671
Abstract
Human term placenta and other postpartum-derived biological tissues are promising sources of perinatal cells with unique stem cell properties. Among the massive current research on stem cells, one medical focus on easily available stem cells is to exploit them in the design of [...] Read more.
Human term placenta and other postpartum-derived biological tissues are promising sources of perinatal cells with unique stem cell properties. Among the massive current research on stem cells, one medical focus on easily available stem cells is to exploit them in the design of immunotherapy protocols, in particular for the treatment of chronic non-curable human diseases. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and perinatal cells can be harnessed both to generate insulin-producing cells for beta cell replenishment and to regulate autoimmune mechanisms via immunomodulation capacity. In this study, the strong points of cells derived from amniotic epithelial cells and from umbilical cord matrix are outlined and their potential for supporting cell therapy development. From a basic research and expert stem cell point of view, the aim of this review is to summarize information regarding the regenerative medicine field, as well as describe the state of the art on possible cell therapy approaches for diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Therapy Approaches for Diabetes)
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