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Liquid Biopsy in the Approach of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases (NCCD) and Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 1438

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, Brazil
Interests: liquid biopsy; breast cancer; neoplasia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Liquid biopsy refers to a non-invasive diagnostic technique that involves the detection and analysis of biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating RNA (cRNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomes, in liquid biological samples such as blood, urine, tears and saliva. Liquid biopsy is thus a new tool in understanding the mechanisms of health and disease, advising the precision medicine field. The technique has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the field of oncology, for its potential to detect cancer at an early stage, monitor treatment response, and predict disease recurrence. This approach aims to provide greater accuracy in its diagnosis, with the least possible discomfort to the patient at the time of collection and also complement and/or replace tissue biopsy. The application of liquid biopsy can also serve to outline strategies in the complications of chronic non-transmissible diseases. Worldwide, premature mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for approximately 44% of all deaths caused by these diseases, data that show the impact of this group of diseases on patients aged 30 to 69 years. Predicting, evaluating and providing conditions for decision-making based on biomarkers obtained by liquid biopsy in easily obtainable biological matrices can be a new way to contribute in the laboratory to early diagnosis and also to outline strategies for the promotion and prevention of future damage and early deaths. Therefore, we invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, which aims to show the use of different biological matrices, new physical–chemical methods applied to detect markers and even new approaches to established markers for chronic non-transmissible diseases and cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical studies will be evaluated for the aforementioned purpose.

Dr. Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • alternative biological matrices
  • laboratory nethods
  • precision medicine
  • liquid biopsy
  • cancer
  • non-communicable chronic diseases
  • clinical studies
  • preclinical studies

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 4762 KiB  
Article
Circulating Immune Proteins: Improving the Diagnosis and Clinical Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Susana Torres-Martínez, Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas, Sandra Gallach, Marais Mosqueda, Ester Munera-Maravilla, Rafael Sirera, Lara Navarro, Ana Blasco, Carlos Camps and Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17587; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417587 - 18 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been proven a viable treatment option for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in patients. However, some patients still do not benefit. Finding new predictive biomarkers for immunocheckpoint inhibitor (ICI) response will improve treatment management in the clinical routine. In this [...] Read more.
Immunotherapy has been proven a viable treatment option for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in patients. However, some patients still do not benefit. Finding new predictive biomarkers for immunocheckpoint inhibitor (ICI) response will improve treatment management in the clinical routine. In this regard, liquid biopsy is a useful and noninvasive alternative to surgical biopsies. In the present study, we evaluated the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value of seven different soluble mediators involved in immunoregulation. Fifty-two plasma samples from advanced NSCLC treated in first-line with pembrolizumab at baseline (PRE) and at first response assessment (FR) were analyzed. In terms of diagnostic value, our results revealed that sFGL1, sGAL-3, and sGAL-1 allowed for optimal diagnostic efficacy for cancer patients. Additionally, the combination of sFGL1 and sGAL-3 significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. Regarding the predictive value to assess patients’ immune response, sCD276 levels at PRE were significantly higher in patients without tumor response (p = 0.035). Moreover, we observed that high levels of sMICB at PRE were associated with absence of clinical benefit (pembrolizumab treatment less than 6 months) (p = 0.049), and high levels of sMICB and sGAL-3 at FR are also related to a lack of clinical benefit (p = 0.027 and p = 0.03, respectively). Finally, in relation to prognosis significance, at PRE and FR, sMICB levels above the 75th percentile are related to poor progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.013 and p = 0.023, respectively) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). An increase in sGAL3 levels at FR was associated with worse PFS (p = 0.037). Interestingly, high sGAL-3 at PRE was independently associated with PFS and OS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.45 (95% CI 1.14–5.25; p = 0.021) and 4.915 (95% CI 1.89–12.73; p = 0.001). In conclusion, plasma levels of sFGL1, sGAL-3, and sGAL-1 could serve as diagnostic indicators and sMICB, sCD276, and sGAL3 were linked to outcomes, suggesting their potential in assessing NSCLC under pembrolizumab treatment. Our results highlight the value of employing soluble immune biomarkers in advanced lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab at first-line. Full article
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