Plant Biodiversity and Molecular Marker Technology: Discovery and Application of DNA Polymorphisms
A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 846
Special Issue Editor
Interests: plant agrobiodiversity; genetic and chemical variability; plant genetic resources; molecular characterization; biomolecular resources; DNA-based molecular markers; biosequences; DNA polymorphisms; bioinformatics; protein function prediction; nutrition and health; natural products; secondary metabolites; bioactive molecules; functional foods and nutraceuticals
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Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Molecular marker technology (MMT) comprises a keystone for modern geneticists and molecular biologists. Since its introduction, MMT has been commonly used for the analysis of genome architecture and polymorphisms in plants, greatly improving our ability to characterize genetic variation. MMT has also revolutionized plant breeding, leading to gene mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS). MMT can allow for the identification of specific chromosomal regions associated with genes for traits of interest. Then, this information is exploited to transfer quality traits to improved varieties via MAS programs.
DNA polymorphisms have huge potential to detect evolutionary and genetic relationships between and within plant species, and can be useful in conserving biodiversity in natural and domesticated plant populations. Today more than ever, plant biodiversity has a key role in maintaining ecosystemic services and sustainable productions, guaranteeing food security, and increasing resistance and resilience to the global climate change and to invasive/native biotic stresses. In the near future, MMT represents a powerful tool available to perform molecular characterization of natural populations and germplasm collections so that potentially useful genes, new alleles, and genotypes (above all if endangered and rare) can be properly preserved from genetic erosion and exploited by the next generations.
Therefore, DNA polymorphism detection is of paramount importance for conducting natural variation studies and breeding. MMT offers a robust characterization system to increase our knowledge about plant biodiversity, the strength of which comes from the fact it is not influenced by environmental or developmental factors. MMT is mainly based on PCR applications for the detection of polymorphic DNA in plant species of agricultural or ecological interest. Nowadays, there is a wide availability of different types of DNA markers. However, with the aim of accelerating the discovery of DNA polymorphisms, more research should be carried out through the latest technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), to thoroughly analyse the genetic diversity of natural and cultivated plant species at the highest resolution possible. Indeed, bioinformatic analysis of genome sequences is revealing the impact of DNA polymorphisms on gene function, on the phenotype, and on evolutionary processes in plants.
All this considered, we would like to focus on the discovery, current methodologies, advantages, challenges, and applications of DNA polymorphisms as molecular markers. Reports on bioinformatics tools and biosequence databases are also welcomed. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to present relevant studies and recent progress across all aspects of plant biodiversity as seen through the lens of MMT.
Dr. Luigi De Masi
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- plant biodiversity
- plant genetic resources
- genetic variability
- molecular characterization
- biomolecular resources
- DNA-based molecular markers
- DNA sequencing
- next generation sequencing
- biosequences
- DNA polymorphisms
- bioinformatics
