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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy 3.0
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy 3.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 1935

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aleksey Zaitsev

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: electrophysiology; neurophysiology; neurobiology and brain physiology; neurobiology; neuropharmacology; cellular neuroscience physiology; neuron; neuroscience; brain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is a continued collection of the hot topic on Epilepsy. We already have done two successful special issues which received interesting contributions and discussions (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/molecular_cellular_epilepsy; https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/KLPQB5U741).

Despite the availability of many antiepileptic drugs, more than 30% of patients with epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy, continue to experience seizures. The most rational therapeutic option for drug-resistant epilepsy is the prevention of the development and progression of epilepsy. Prevention has to be grounded in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to epilepsy. In the case of temporal lobe epilepsy, our knowledge of the possible causes is still insufficient. In recent years, many breakthroughs have been made in identifying cellular and molecular alterations linked to severe epilepsy. These alterations include but are not limited to (1) loss of principal cells and interneurons and neurogenesis, including changes in morphology and neuronal firing patterns related with altered composition or expression of receptors and channels; (2) gliosis, including changes in the functioning of glial cells and neuron-astrocyte interactions; (3) loss of the integrity of blood–brain barrier and neuroinflammation. All these histopathological changes are suspected to contribute to epileptogenesis and could be important targets for preventive therapies.

This Special Issue “Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy 3.0”, will comprise a selection of research papers and reviews covering various aspects of molecular and cellular biology of epilepsy models. Studies on bioactive molecules modulating epileptogenesis will also be considered.

Dr. Aleksey Zaitsev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epilepsy
  • epilepsy models
  • epileptogenesis
  • preventing epilepsy
  • neuroinflammation
  • neuroprotection
  • synaptic plasticity
  • neuron–astrocyte interaction

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1749 KiB  
Article
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Contributes to Epilepsy Development after Ischemic Stroke in Mice
by Barbara Pijet, Agnieszka Kostrzewska-Księzyk, Maja Pijet-Kucicka and Leszek Kaczmarek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020896 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 626
Abstract
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder affecting over 50 million individuals globally, is characterized by an enduring predisposition and diverse consequences, both neurobiological and social. Acquired epilepsy, constituting 30% of cases, often results from brain-damaging injuries like ischemic stroke. With one third of epilepsy cases [...] Read more.
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder affecting over 50 million individuals globally, is characterized by an enduring predisposition and diverse consequences, both neurobiological and social. Acquired epilepsy, constituting 30% of cases, often results from brain-damaging injuries like ischemic stroke. With one third of epilepsy cases being resistant to existing drugs and without any preventive therapeutics for epileptogenesis, identifying anti-epileptogenic targets is crucial. Stroke being a leading cause of acquired epilepsy, particularly in the elderly, prompts the need for understanding post-stroke epileptogenesis. Despite the challenges in studying stroke-evoked epilepsy in rodents due to poor long-term survival rates, in this presented study the use of an animal care protocol allowed for comprehensive investigation. We highlight the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in post-stroke epileptogenesis, emphasizing MMP-9 involvement in mouse models and its potential as a therapeutic target. Using a focal Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion model, this study demonstrates MMP-9 activation following ischemia, influencing susceptibility to seizures. MMP-9 knockout reduces epileptic features, while overexpression exacerbates them. The findings show that MMP-9 is a key player in post-stroke epileptogenesis, presenting opportunities for future therapies and expanding our understanding of acquired epilepsy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy 3.0)
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Review

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40 pages, 2520 KiB  
Review
Virus-Induced Epilepsy vs. Epilepsy Patients Acquiring Viral Infection: Unravelling the Complex Relationship for Precision Treatment
by Bárbara Costa and Nuno Vale
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3730; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073730 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 911
Abstract
The intricate relationship between viruses and epilepsy involves a bidirectional interaction. Certain viruses can induce epilepsy by infecting the brain, leading to inflammation, damage, or abnormal electrical activity. Conversely, epilepsy patients may be more susceptible to viral infections due to factors, such as [...] Read more.
The intricate relationship between viruses and epilepsy involves a bidirectional interaction. Certain viruses can induce epilepsy by infecting the brain, leading to inflammation, damage, or abnormal electrical activity. Conversely, epilepsy patients may be more susceptible to viral infections due to factors, such as compromised immune systems, anticonvulsant drugs, or surgical interventions. Neuroinflammation, a common factor in both scenarios, exhibits onset, duration, intensity, and consequence variations. It can modulate epileptogenesis, increase seizure susceptibility, and impact anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics, immune system function, and brain physiology. Viral infections significantly impact the clinical management of epilepsy patients, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach encompassing diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of both conditions. We delved into the dual dynamics of viruses inducing epilepsy and epilepsy patients acquiring viruses, examining the unique features of each case. For virus-induced epilepsy, we specify virus types, elucidate mechanisms of epilepsy induction, emphasize neuroinflammation’s impact, and analyze its effects on anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics. Conversely, in epilepsy patients acquiring viruses, we detail the acquired virus, its interaction with existing epilepsy, neuroinflammation effects, and changes in anticonvulsant drug pharmacokinetics. Understanding this interplay advances precision therapies for epilepsy during viral infections, providing mechanistic insights, identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and supporting optimized dosing regimens. However, further studies are crucial to validate tools, discover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and evaluate targeted therapy safety and efficacy in diverse epilepsy and viral infection scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy 3.0)
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