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The Role of T Cells in Immunomodulation: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 2258

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Katarzyna A. Lisowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: T cells; B cells; inflammation; immunomodulation; autoimmune diseases; kidney diseases; depression

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunomodulation is the process of stimulating the immune system with various substances in order to influence immune responses. In practice, this usually means an action aimed at increasing the immune system's activity, which helps fight infections or cancer cells. Immunomodulators could also be used to reduce undesirable inflammatory responses, which lead to hypersensitivity reactions. For this reason, broadly understood, immunomodulation plays a significant role in treating cancer, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies. The methods of immunomodulation are very diverse, and one of its goals is to modify the response of T cells. A balance between engagement of activating and inhibitory receptors influences the outcome of T cell activation. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in our knowledge of the cellular and molecular events which control T cell activity. This Special Issue is dedicated to all important advances in the molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation mediated by T cells. 

Dr. Katarzyna A. Lisowska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • helper T cells
  • regulatory T cells
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • activating receptors
  • inhibitory receptors
  • immunomodulation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2368 KiB  
Article
Differential Impact of CD43 and CD28 on T-Cell Differentiation Depending on the Order of Engagement with the TCR
by Monserrat Alba Sandoval-Hernández, Nora Alma Fierro, José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli, Den Alejandro Alvarado-Velázquez, Estefanía Alemán-Navarro, Erika Melchy-Pérez, Constance Auvynet, Iván Imaz-Rosshandler, Jorge Carneiro, Ernesto Perez-Rueda and Yvonne Rosenstein
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063135 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 952
Abstract
The combination of signals from the T-cell receptor (TCR) and co-stimulatory molecules triggers transcriptional programs that lead to proliferation, cytokine secretion, and effector functions. We compared the impact of engaging the TCR with CD28 and/or CD43 at different time points relative to TCR [...] Read more.
The combination of signals from the T-cell receptor (TCR) and co-stimulatory molecules triggers transcriptional programs that lead to proliferation, cytokine secretion, and effector functions. We compared the impact of engaging the TCR with CD28 and/or CD43 at different time points relative to TCR engagement on T-cell function. TCR and CD43 simultaneous engagement resulted in higher CD69 and PD-1 expression levels than in TCR and CD28-stimulated cells, with a cytokine signature of mostly effector, inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines, while TCR and CD28-activated cells secreted all categories of cytokines, including stimulatory cytokines. Furthermore, the timing of CD43 engagement relative to TCR ligation, and to a lesser degree that of CD28, resulted in distinct patterns of expression of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Complete cell activation was observed when CD28 or CD43 were engaged simultaneously with or before the TCR, but ligating the TCR before CD43 or CD28 failed to complete a cell activation program regarding cytokine secretion. As the order in which CD43 or CD28 and the TCR were engaged resulted in different combinations of cytokines that shape distinct T-cell immune programs, we analyzed their upstream sequences to assess whether the combinations of cytokines were associated with different sets of regulatory elements. We found that the order in which the TCR and CD28 or CD43 are engaged predicts the recruitment of specific sets of chromatin remodelers and TFSS, which ultimately regulate T-cell polarization and plasticity. Our data underscore that the combination of co-stimulatory molecules and the time when they are engaged relative to the TCR can change the cell differentiation program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of T Cells in Immunomodulation: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms)
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Review

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14 pages, 837 KiB  
Review
The Role of the CD28 Family Receptors in T-Cell Immunomodulation
by Klaudia Ciesielska-Figlon and Katarzyna A. Lisowska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021274 - 20 Jan 2024
Viewed by 861
Abstract
The CD28 family receptors include the CD28, ICOS (inducible co-stimulator), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), and BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) molecules. They characterize a group of molecules similar to immunoglobulins that control the immune response through modulating [...] Read more.
The CD28 family receptors include the CD28, ICOS (inducible co-stimulator), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), and BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) molecules. They characterize a group of molecules similar to immunoglobulins that control the immune response through modulating T-cell activity. Among the family members, CD28 and ICOS act as enhancers of T-cell activity, while three others—BTLA, CTLA-4, and PD-1—function as suppressors. The receptors of the CD28 family interact with the B7 family of ligands. The cooperation between these molecules is essential for controlling the course of the adaptive response, but it also significantly impacts the development of immune-related diseases. This review introduces the reader to the molecular basis of the functioning of CD28 family receptors and their impact on T-cell activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of T Cells in Immunomodulation: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms)
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