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Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0
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Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 April 2024) | Viewed by 4482

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shaojun Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
Interests: saline stress; redox regulation; receptor-like kinases; proteomics; alkaligrass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chunzhao Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
Interests: salt stress; cell wall; receptor-like kinases; small peptide; glycoproteins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soil salinization is a serious threat to global crop distribution and yield. Plants have developed complex saline–alkali adaptation mechanisms during their long evolutionary process. Studies on the model plant Arabidopsis, rice, and other representative crops have revealed that plants adapt to salt stress through a variety of strategies, such as enhancing ion and osmotic homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, maintaining K+ uptake, limiting Na+ entry, and increasing Na+ exclusion and compartmentalization. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant saline–alkali responses using molecular genetics and multi-omics approaches will lay a foundation for the molecular design breeding of salt-tolerant crops.

Areas of interest in this Special Issue include: salinity sensing and signaling components, regulation of ROS homeostasis and redox, photosynthetic regulation of salt adaptation, signaling and metabolic networks based on multi-omics, epigenetic chromatin modification of salinity tolerance, post-translational modification of salt stress-responsive kinases, Na+ transport and detoxification pathways, cell wall integrity under salt stress, specific salinity responses in crops or trees, spatiotemporal specificity of salt response revealed by single-cell omics, and engineering salt tolerance in crops.

Prof. Dr. Shaojun Dai
Prof. Dr. Chunzhao Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • salinity tolerance
  • ion transport
  • signal transduction
  • cell wall integrity
  • crops
  • trees
  • omics
  • redox regulation
  • post-translational modification

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 1275 KiB  
Article
How the Ethylene Biosynthesis Pathway of Semi-Halophytes Is Modified with Prolonged Salinity Stress Occurrence?
by Miron Gieniec, Zbigniew Miszalski, Piotr Rozpądek, Roman J. Jędrzejczyk, Małgorzata Czernicka and Michał Nosek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4777; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094777 (registering DOI) - 27 Apr 2024
Viewed by 165
Abstract
The mechanism of ethylene (ET)–regulated salinity stress response remains largely unexplained, especially for semi-halophytes and halophytes. Here, we present the results of the multifaceted analysis of the model semi-halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (common ice plant) ET biosynthesis pathway key components’ response to prolonged [...] Read more.
The mechanism of ethylene (ET)–regulated salinity stress response remains largely unexplained, especially for semi-halophytes and halophytes. Here, we present the results of the multifaceted analysis of the model semi-halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (common ice plant) ET biosynthesis pathway key components’ response to prolonged (14 days) salinity stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of 3280 ice plant genes was altered during 14-day long salinity (0.4 M NaCl) stress. A thorough analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the expression of genes involved in ET biosynthesis and perception (ET receptors), the abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic process, and photosynthetic apparatus was significantly modified with prolonged stressor presence. To some point this result was supported with the expression analysis of the transcript amount (qPCR) of key ET biosynthesis pathway genes, namely ACS6 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) and ACO1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) orthologs. However, the pronounced circadian rhythm observed in the expression of both genes in unaffected (control) plants was distorted and an evident downregulation of both orthologs’ was induced with prolonged salinity stress. The UPLC-MS analysis of the ET biosynthesis pathway rate-limiting semi-product, namely of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content, confirmed the results assessed with molecular tools. The circadian rhythm of the ACC production of NaCl-treated semi-halophytes remained largely unaffected by the prolonged salinity stress episode. We speculate that the obtained results represent an image of the steady state established over the past 14 days, while during the first hours of the salinity stress response, the view could be completely different. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0)
23 pages, 6686 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Importance of Lipid Metabolism and Photosynthesis Regulation in High Salinity Tolerance in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves Derived from Mutagenesis Combined with Microspore Culture
by Hongwei Xu, Nigel G. Halford, Guimei Guo, Zhiwei Chen, Yingbo Li, Longhua Zhou, Chenghong Liu and Rugen Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316757 - 25 Nov 2023
Viewed by 889
Abstract
Barley is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop. However, little attention has been paid to the salt-tolerant doubled haploids of barley derived from mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture. In the present study, barley doubled haploid (DH) line 20, which was produced by mutagenesis [...] Read more.
Barley is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop. However, little attention has been paid to the salt-tolerant doubled haploids of barley derived from mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture. In the present study, barley doubled haploid (DH) line 20, which was produced by mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture, showed stably and heritably better salt tolerance than the wild type H30 in terms of fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, K+/Na+ ratio and photosynthetic characteristics. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to compare the changes in gene expression and metabolites between DH20 and H30. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 152 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in DH20 compared to H30 under salt stress. Among the DAMs, fatty acids were the most accumulated in DH20 under salt stress. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that nine key biomarkers, including two metabolites and seven genes, could distinguish DH20 and H30 when exposed to high salt. The pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, photosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in DH20 with DEGs and DAMs in response to salt stress. These results suggest that DH20 may enhance resilience by promoting lipid metabolism, maintaining energy metabolism and decreasing amino acids metabolism. The study provided novel insights for the rapid generation of homozygous mutant plants by mutagenesis combined with microspore culture technology and also identified candidate genes and metabolites that may enable the mutant plants to cope with salt stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0)
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Review

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26 pages, 5002 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Salinity on Crop Yields and the Confrontational Behavior of Transcriptional Regulators, Nanoparticles, and Antioxidant Defensive Mechanisms under Stressful Conditions: A Review
by Mostafa Ahmed, Zoltán Tóth and Kincső Decsi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052654 - 24 Feb 2024
Viewed by 958
Abstract
One of the most significant environmental challenges to crop growth and yield worldwide is soil salinization. Salinity lowers soil solution water potential, causes ionic disequilibrium and specific ion effects, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, causing several physiological and biochemical issues in [...] Read more.
One of the most significant environmental challenges to crop growth and yield worldwide is soil salinization. Salinity lowers soil solution water potential, causes ionic disequilibrium and specific ion effects, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, causing several physiological and biochemical issues in plants. Plants have developed biological and molecular methods to combat salt stress. Salt-signaling mechanisms regulated by phytohormones may provide additional defense in salty conditions. That discovery helped identify the molecular pathways that underlie zinc-oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP)-based salt tolerance in certain plants. It emphasized the need to study processes like transcriptional regulation that govern plants’ many physiological responses to such harsh conditions. ZnO-NPs have shown the capability to reduce salinity stress by working with transcription factors (TFs) like AP2/EREBP, WRKYs, NACs, and bZIPs that are released or triggered to stimulate plant cell osmotic pressure-regulating hormones and chemicals. In addition, ZnO-NPs have been shown to reduce the expression of stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while also affecting transcriptional factors. Those systems helped maintain protein integrity, selective permeability, photosynthesis, and other physiological processes in salt-stressed plants. This review examined how salt stress affects crop yield and suggested that ZnO-NPs could reduce plant salinity stress instead of osmolytes and plant hormones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0)
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13 pages, 1591 KiB  
Review
The Role of Chloride Channels in Plant Responses to NaCl
by Lulu Liu, Xiaofei Li, Chao Wang, Yuxin Ni and Xunyan Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010019 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 891
Abstract
Chloride (Cl−) is considered a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but it can be a challenge under saline conditions. Excessive accumulation of Cl− in leaves can cause toxicity. Chloride channels (CLCs) are expressed in the inner membranes of plant cells [...] Read more.
Chloride (Cl−) is considered a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but it can be a challenge under saline conditions. Excessive accumulation of Cl− in leaves can cause toxicity. Chloride channels (CLCs) are expressed in the inner membranes of plant cells and function as essential Cl− exchangers or channels. In response to salt stress in plants, CLCs play a crucial role, and CLC proteins assist in maintaining the intracellular Cl− homeostasis by sequestering Cl− into vacuoles. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the primary substance responsible for causing salt-induced phytotoxicity. However, research on plant responses to Cl− stress is comparatively rare, in contrast to that emphasizing Na+. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the plant response and tolerance to Cl− stress, specifically focusing on comparative analysis of CLC protein structures in different species. Additionally, to further gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, the study summarizes the identified CLC genes that respond to salt stress. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the response of CLCs in terrestrial plants to salt stress and their biological functions, aiming to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the response of CLCs in plants to salt stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0)
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17 pages, 1731 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Endophytes in Improving Salt–Alkali Tolerance and Salinity Resistance in Plants
by Xueying Guo, Wanrong Peng, Xinyi Xu, Kangwei Xie and Xingyong Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16917; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316917 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1103
Abstract
Ensuring food security for the global population is a ceaseless and critical issue. However, high-salinity and high-alkalinity levels can harm agricultural yields throughout large areas, even in largely agricultural countries, such as China. Various physical and chemical treatments have been employed in different [...] Read more.
Ensuring food security for the global population is a ceaseless and critical issue. However, high-salinity and high-alkalinity levels can harm agricultural yields throughout large areas, even in largely agricultural countries, such as China. Various physical and chemical treatments have been employed in different locations to mitigate high salinity and alkalinity but their effects have been minimal. Numerous researchers have recently focused on developing effective and environmentally friendly biological treatments. Endophytes, which are naturally occurring and abundant in plants, retain many of the same characteristics of plants owing to their simultaneous evolution. Therefore, extraction of endophytes from salt-tolerant plants for managing plant growth in saline–alkali soils has become an important research topic. This extraction indicates that the soil environment can be fundamentally improved, and the signaling pathways of plants can be altered to increase their defense capacity, and can even be inherited to ensure lasting efficacy. This study discusses the direct and indirect means by which plant endophytes mitigate the effects of plant salinity stress that have been observed in recent years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants 2.0)
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