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The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging
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The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 July 2023) | Viewed by 21257

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shian-Jang Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
Interests: aging; high dietary sugar; cancer; epigenetics; siver nanoparticles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Achieving optimal lifespan and health in humans is the underlying driving force of medical science and biomedical research. The dietary intake of nutrients is essential for the longevity of all organisms, including humans. On the other hand, dietary restrictions, with a reduction in calories without causing malnutrition, has extended the lifespan and improved the health of multiple organisms, including monkeys. Importantly, both Eastern and Western cultures value food as medicine. However, the molecular correlation between nutrients and aging is poorly understood and much remains to be explored. Thus, understanding the molecular links between nutrients and aging is very important for optimizing human lifespan and health.  

Please join this important discussion with the submission of your high-quality research papers, communications, and review articles to this Special Issue in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled “The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging”.

Dr. Shian-Jang Yan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrients/nutrition
  • aging/longevity
  • lifespan/health
  • diet/dietary modulation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1583 KiB  
Article
Effect of Enriching Gingerbread Cookies with Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products on Their Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Properties, and Sensory Acceptance
by Patrycja Topka, Szymon Poliński, Tomasz Sawicki, Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak and Małgorzata Tańska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021493 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
Elder products are still underutilized sources of phytochemicals, mainly polyphenols, with extensive pharmacological effects on the human body. In this study, gingerbread cookies covered in chocolate (GC) were enriched with elderflower dry extract (EF) and juice concentrate (EB). The cookies (GC, GCEF, and [...] Read more.
Elder products are still underutilized sources of phytochemicals, mainly polyphenols, with extensive pharmacological effects on the human body. In this study, gingerbread cookies covered in chocolate (GC) were enriched with elderflower dry extract (EF) and juice concentrate (EB). The cookies (GC, GCEF, and GCEFEB) and the additives (EF and EB) were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compound profile, antioxidant capacity (AC), and advanced glycation end products’ (AGEs) formation in both the free and bound phenolic fractions. Sensory analysis of the cookies was performed using an effective acceptance test (9-point hedonic scale), and purchase intent was evaluated using a 5-point scale. It was found that the flavonoid content was significantly increased (20–60%) when EF and EB were added to the cookies. Moreover, the EF addition to chocolate-covered GCs enhanced the content of phenolic acids (up to 28%) in the bound phenolic fraction. An increase in the AC values of enriched cookies was found, and the free phenolic fraction differed significantly in this regard. However, inhibition of AGEs by elder products was only observed in the bound phenolic fraction. In addition, EF and EB improved the overall acceptance of the cookies, mostly their taste and texture. Thus, elder products appear to be valuable additives to gingerbread cookies, providing good sensory quality and functional food characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging)
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Review

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27 pages, 4011 KiB  
Review
The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Ageing Hallmarks
by Quélita Cristina Pereira, Tanila Wood dos Santos, Isabela Monique Fortunato and Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5508; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065508 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5348
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process characterized mainly by a decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs, resulting in an increased risk of mortality. This process involves several changes, described as hallmarks of ageing, which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, [...] Read more.
Ageing is a complex process characterized mainly by a decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs, resulting in an increased risk of mortality. This process involves several changes, described as hallmarks of ageing, which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, loss of proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell depletion, and altered intracellular communication. The determining role that environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle play on health, life expectancy, and susceptibility to diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, is wellestablished. In view of the growing interest in the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in the prevention of chronic diseases, several studies have been conducted, and they strongly suggest that the intake of dietary polyphenols may bring numerous benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their intake has been associated with impaired ageing in humans. Polyphenol intake has been shown to be effective in ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, among other features, which contribute to an increased risk of ageing-associated diseases. This review aims to address, in a general way, the main findings described in the literature about the benefits of polyphenols in each of the hallmarks of ageing, as well as the main regulatory mechanisms responsible for the observed antiageing effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging)
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21 pages, 1020 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging
by Cristina Fantini, Clarissa Corinaldesi, Andrea Lenzi, Silvia Migliaccio and Clara Crescioli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054546 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6668
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized [...] Read more.
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging)
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35 pages, 1567 KiB  
Review
Influence of the Mediterranean Diet on Healthy Aging
by Maria Carmen Andreo-López, Victoria Contreras-Bolívar, Manuel Muñoz-Torres, Beatriz García-Fontana and Cristina García-Fontana
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054491 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6504
Abstract
The life expectancy of the global population has increased. Aging is a natural physiological process that poses major challenges in an increasingly long-lived and frail population. Several molecular mechanisms are involved in aging. Likewise, the gut microbiota, which is influenced by environmental factors [...] Read more.
The life expectancy of the global population has increased. Aging is a natural physiological process that poses major challenges in an increasingly long-lived and frail population. Several molecular mechanisms are involved in aging. Likewise, the gut microbiota, which is influenced by environmental factors such as diet, plays a crucial role in the modulation of these mechanisms. The Mediterranean diet, as well as the components present in it, offer some proof of this. Achieving healthy aging should be focused on the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits that reduce the development of pathologies that are associated with aging, in order to increase the quality of life of the aging population. In this review we analyze the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the molecular pathways and the microbiota associated with more favorable aging patterns, as well as its possible role as an anti-aging treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Links between Nutrients and Aging)
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