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Molecular Insight into Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration

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Dear Colleagues,

Skeletal muscle wasting can be induced by chronic illnesses, aging, malnutrition, disease, and acute/chronic inflammatory conditions. Muscle atrophy leads to mobility, fragility, and a loss of independence, while also increasing the mortality and morbidity of the illness.

Muscle regeneration occurs after muscle injury, exercise, or physiological demands. Muscle regeneration involves inflammation, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and the maturation of satellite cells. Growth factors and mechanical stress from exercise play critical roles in promoting this process.

Therefore, understanding the processes of skeletal muscle wasting and regeneration offers insights for developing therapies to mitigate muscle loss and promote muscle recovery.

This Special Issue invites both original articles and reviews that can provide the readers of IJMS with novel research on the molecular mechanisms and possible treatments related to enhancing muscle regeneration and counteracting muscle wasting, such as growth factors, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, exercise, and nutraceutical interventions.

Dr. Elena Nebot
Dr. Teresa Priego Cuadra
Dr. Ana Isabel Martín Velasco
Guest Editors

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Keywords

muscle atrophy
muscle regeneration
sarcopenia
cachexia
satellite cells
autophagy
proteolytic system
growth factors
myokines
physical exercise
nutrition
bone metabolism

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Research

22 pages, 9950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Provide New Insights into Disuse Muscle Atrophy in Chicken: The Potential Role of Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers

by Zipei Yao, Lijin Guo, Li Zhang and Qinghua Nie

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3516; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063516 - 20 Mar 2024

Viewed by 544

Abstract

Disuse muscle atrophy is a disease caused by restricted activity, affecting human health and animal protein quality. While extensive research on its mechanism has been studied in mammals, comparatively little is known about this process in chickens, which are a significant source of protein for human consumption worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle atrophy in chickens is crucial for improving poultry health and productivity, as well as for developing strategies to mitigate muscle loss. In this study, two groups of chickens were subjected to limb immobilization for two and four weeks, respectively, in order to induce disuse muscle atrophy and uniformly sampled gastrocnemius muscle at the fourth week. A combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of disuse-induced muscle atrophy. Through H&E staining and immunofluorescence, we found that, compared to slow-twitch muscle fibers, the fast-twitch muscle fibers showed a greater reduction in cross-sectional area in the immobilized leg, and were also the main driver of changes in cross-sectional area observed in the non-immobilized leg. Integrated analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were mainly enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, such as fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolysis. These results provide important insights for further research on disuse muscle atrophy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insight into Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration)

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14 pages, 1662 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Time-Dependent Changes in Muscle IGF1-IGFBP5-PAPP System after Sciatic Denervation

by Ana Isabel Martín, Álvaro Moreno-Rupérez, Elena Nebot, Miriam Granado, Daniel Jaque, M. Paz Nieto-Bona, Asunción López-Calderón and Teresa Priego

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814112 - 14 Sep 2023

Viewed by 953

Abstract

Denervation-induced muscle atrophy is a frequent cause of skeletal muscle diseases. However, the role of the most important muscle growth factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), in this process is poorly understood. IGF-1 activity is controlled by six IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs). In skeletal muscle, IGFBP-5 seems to have an important role in atrophic processes. Furthermore, pappalysins (PAPP-A) modulate muscle growth by increasing IGF-1 bioavailability through IGFBP cleavage. We aimed to study the time-dependent changes in the IGF1-IGFBP5-PAPP system and its regulators in gastrocnemius muscle after sciatic denervation. Gastrocnemius atrophy and overexpression of IGF-1 was observed from day 3 post-denervation. The proteolytic factors measured were elevated from day 1 post-denervation onwards. Expression of both IGFBP-5 and pappalysins were increased on days 1 and 3. Subsequently, on days 7 to 14 pappalysins returned to control levels while IGFBP-5 remained elevated. The ratio IGFBP-5/PAPP-A was correlated with the main proteolytic markers. All data suggest that the initial increase of pappalysins could facilitate the IGF-1 action on muscle growth, whereas their subsequent decrease could lead to further muscle wasting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insight into Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration)

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Molecular Insight into Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration

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