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New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics

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Dear Colleagues,

Gut microbiome deficiency is an emerging global public health issue. A modern aspect of medicine concerns the possibility of maintaining or restoring health through the fine control of physiological regulation mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota plays a key role in human physiology, spanning from intestinal to brain activities. and directly influencing several molecular pathways. Recent findings indicate how dysbiosis, a disproportion in the composition and organization of microbiome, could severely impact the development of different medical and unknown pathologies, providing new insight for the comprehension of several diseases, such as IBD, obesity, asthma, anxiety/depression disorders, stroke, diabetes, infertility, and cancer. For this reason, we have decided to launch a new issue including extensive themes on the physiological functions of vitamins, minerals, and probiotics capable of improving human health. This Special Issue aims to include reviews, original articles, and clinical trials on probiotics species differences, biodiversity, structures, mechanisms of action, biological activity on different human targets, biological markers, human microbiome alteration, and supplement therapy. It is expected that the study of microbiome's functionality in health and its dysfunctions in disorders could help new potential drugs to be indentified to combat different diseases.

Dr. Francesca Uberti
Prof. Dr. Claudia Penna
Guest Editors

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Keywords

microbiome
epigenetic alterations
molecular pathways
biomedicines
system biology
human diseases
dietary supplementation
disease prevention and treatment
gut/other tissues axes
clinical trials

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Research

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17 pages, 2207 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

The Role of Bifidobacterium bifidum novaBBF7, Bifidobacterium longum novaBLG2 and Lactobacillus paracasei TJB8 to Improve Mechanisms Linked to Neuronal Cells Protection against Oxidative Condition in a Gut-Brain Axis Model

by Sara Ferrari, Rebecca Galla, Simone Mulè, Giorgia Rosso, Arianna Brovero, Valentina Macchi, Sara Ruga and Francesca Uberti

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512281 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1168

Abstract

Despite the identification of several innovative targets for avoiding cognitive decline, there has yet to be a widely accepted approach that deals with minimising the deterioration of cognitive function. In this light, recent studies suggest that regulating the gut-brain axis with probiotics is a potential therapeutic strategy to support brain health. For this reason, in vitro models were used to examine the efficacy of different probiotic combinations to enhance intestinal homeostasis and positively affect the brain. Therefore, the new formulation has been evaluated for its capacity to modify intestinal barrier functions in a 3D in vitro model without any adverse effects and directly impact the mechanisms underlying cognitive function in a gut-brain axis model. According to our findings, B. bifidum novaBBF7 10 mg/mL, B. longum novaBLG2 5 mg/mL and L. paracasei TJB8 10 mg/mL may successfully modify the intestinal barrier and improve SCFA production. Successively, the probiotics studied caused no harm at the neuronal level, as demonstrated by iNOS, mitochondrial potential, and cell viability tests, confirming their safety features and enhancing antioxidant mechanisms and antineuroinflammation activity. Additionally, the damage caused by oxidative stress was also healed, and critical pathways that result in cognitive impairment were changed by synergetic action, supporting the hypothesis that brain ageing and neurodegeneration are slowed down. All these findings demonstrate the ability of probiotics to affect cognitive processes and their ability to sustain the mechanisms underlying cognitive function by acting on intestinal function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics)

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Review

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13 pages, 1306 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review

by Łukasz Ustianowski, Klaudia Ustianowska, Klaudia Gurazda, Marcin Rusiński, Piotr Ostrowski and Andrzej Pawlik

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6774; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774 - 05 Apr 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5653

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting the bone and soft tissues of the periodontal complex. When untreated, it may lead to severe mobility or even loss of teeth. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex, with crucial factors being chronic inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues and oral microbiome alterations. However, recent studies highlight the alleged role of vitamins, such as vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin D (VitD), in the development of the disease. VitC regulates numerous biochemical reactions, but foremost, it is involved in synthesizing collagen. It was reported that VitC deficiency could lead to damage to the periodontal ligaments. VitC supplementation improves postoperative outcomes in patients with periodontitis. VitD is a steroid derivative that can be produced in the skin under ultraviolet radiation and later transformed into an active form in other tissues, such as the kidneys. VitD was established to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in gingiva and regulate the proper mineral density of teeth. Moreover, the supplementation of VitD was associated with better results in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of vitamins C and D in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics)

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New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics

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