Machine Learning for High Spatial Resolution Imagery

A special issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (ISSN 2220-9964).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 13749

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Special Issue Information

The machine learning algorithm is one of the most advanced learning algorithms of Artificial Intelligence. It is a branch of data mining that focuses on the exploration of data analysis. The use of a machine learning algorithm can train the data for predictive analysis, with the outcomes resulting in more accuracy. The main objective of the machine learning algorithm is to allow the machine to learn by itself without any assistance. The output data obtained from the learning process are also considered as new input data for another process which does some statistical analysis for the prediction process, similar to data mining. The most common machine learning applications are fraud detection, predictive analysis, email filtering, medical image recognition and processing, and remote sensing applications. Machine learning has seen massive success in remote sensing image analysis and has been utilized in many diverse areas of the remote sensing field for image fusion, image segmentation, object detection, and object-based analyzing.

High-resolution images are essential for urban planning, satellite imagery, and especially during disaster rescue. Machine learning can achieve significant success in image analysis tasks, including land use classification, scene classification, and object detection. Remote sensing methods using the neural network are an emerging interest for improving the performance in preprocessing and segmentation of images. This learning algorithm based on the neural network comprises many layers that transform the input data image to the categorical output image. The machine learning algorithm acts as a supporting agent for space agencies in deploying an enormous number of satellites for earth observation. The algorithm makes learning by classifying the information from the image; this happens by extracting the edge feature first and then strengthening the effective spatial measures. It extracts the compact features which provide the semantics of input images and can achieve the challenges in high spatial resolution images from the satellite. The machine learning algorithm needs much attention in handling high dimensionality data and gives a better performance with a limited training sample.

Industrial people around the world are in the process of discovering the possibilities of machine learning to explore the extraction of high-level features representation frameworks with various techniques and methodologies, as well as to improve the accuracy during image classification. This Special Issue shall focus on inviting ideas, articles, and experimental evaluations towards development related to “Machine Learning for High Spatial Resolution Imagery” to learn, analyze, predict, and also provide more efficient classification.

Scope and Topics:

Suitable topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • ML for texture analysis to improve geo-demographic classification;
  • Geovisualization and visual analytics for high spatial resolution imagery;
  • Machine-learning-based spatial infrastructure building for agricultural and industrial landscapes using high spatial resolution imagery;
  • An overview of machine learning algorithms for location and navigation privacy for high spatial resolution monitoring;
  • ML for data mining, and decision support systems using spatial information;
  • ML for spatiotemporal database management for knowledge extraction;
  • Time series algorithms for high spatial resolution imagery;
  • Using the machine learning algorithm for classification and feature extraction of risky landscapes from urban areas;
  • Using object-oriented land use classification for aerial imagery;
  • High-performance computing algorithms for mapping of land records;
  • Parallel and distributed computation for high spatial resolution imagery;
  • Future need for intelligent spatial information infrastructure.
Dr. Gunasekaran Manogaran
Prof. Dr. Hassan Qudrat-Ullah
Prof. Dr. Qin Xin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4545 KiB  
Article
HA-MPPNet: Height Aware-Multi Path Parallel Network for High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image Semantic Seg-Mentation
by Suting Chen, Chaoqun Wu, Mithun Mukherjee and Yujie Zheng
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10(10), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100672 - 4 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images (RSI) plays a significant role in urban management and land cover classification. Due to the richer spatial information in the RSI, existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods cannot segment images accurately and lose some edge information of [...] Read more.
Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images (RSI) plays a significant role in urban management and land cover classification. Due to the richer spatial information in the RSI, existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods cannot segment images accurately and lose some edge information of objects. In addition, recent studies have shown that leveraging additional 3D geometric data with 2D appearance is beneficial to distinguish the pixels’ category. However, most of them require height maps as additional inputs, which severely limits their applications. To alleviate the above issues, we propose a height aware-multi path parallel network (HA-MPPNet). Our proposed MPPNet first obtains multi-level semantic features while maintaining the spatial resolution in each path for preserving detailed image information. Afterward, gated high-low level feature fusion is utilized to complement the lack of low-level semantics. Then, we designed the height feature decode branch to learn the height features under the supervision of digital surface model (DSM) images and used the learned embeddings to improve semantic context by height feature guide propagation. Note that our module does not need a DSM image as additional input after training and is end-to-end. Our method outperformed other state-of-the-art methods for semantic segmentation on publicly available remote sensing image datasets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for High Spatial Resolution Imagery)
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23 pages, 10964 KiB  
Article
Automatic Building Detection with Polygonizing and Attribute Extraction from High-Resolution Images
by Samitha Daranagama and Apichon Witayangkurn
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10(9), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090606 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4302
Abstract
Buildings can be introduced as a fundamental element for forming a city. Therefore, up-to-date building maps have become vital for many applications, including urban mapping and urban expansion analysis. With the development of deep learning, segmenting building footprints from high-resolution remote sensing imagery [...] Read more.
Buildings can be introduced as a fundamental element for forming a city. Therefore, up-to-date building maps have become vital for many applications, including urban mapping and urban expansion analysis. With the development of deep learning, segmenting building footprints from high-resolution remote sensing imagery has become a subject of intense study. Here, a modified version of the U-Net architecture with a combination of pre- and post-processing techniques was developed to extract building footprints from high-resolution aerial imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Data pre-processing with the logarithmic correction image enhancing algorithm showed the most significant improvement in the building detection accuracy for aerial images; meanwhile, the CLAHE algorithm improved the most concerning UAV images. This study developed a post-processing technique using polygonizing and polygon smoothing called the Douglas–Peucker algorithm, which made the building output directly ready to use for different applications. The attribute information, land use data, and population count data were applied using two open datasets. In addition, the building area and perimeter of each building were calculated as geometric attributes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for High Spatial Resolution Imagery)
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22 pages, 13234 KiB  
Article
Vehicle Detection in Very-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on an Anchor-Free Detection Model with a More Precise Foveal Area
by Xungen Li, Feifei Men, Shuaishuai Lv, Xiao Jiang, Mian Pan, Qi Ma and Haibin Yu
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10(8), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080549 - 14 Aug 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2468
Abstract
Vehicle detection in aerial images is a challenging task. The complexity of the background information and the redundancy of the detection area are the main obstacles that limit the successful operation of vehicle detection based on anchors in very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images. [...] Read more.
Vehicle detection in aerial images is a challenging task. The complexity of the background information and the redundancy of the detection area are the main obstacles that limit the successful operation of vehicle detection based on anchors in very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images. In this paper, an anchor-free target detection method is proposed to solve the problems above. First, a multi-attention feature pyramid network (MA-FPN) was designed to address the influence of noise and background information on vehicle target detection by fusing attention information in the feature pyramid network (FPN) structure. Second, a more precise foveal area (MPFA) is proposed to provide better ground truth for the anchor-free method by determining a more accurate positive sample selection area. The proposed anchor-free model with MA-FPN and MPFA can predict vehicles accurately and quickly in VHR remote sensing images through direct regression and predict the pixels in the feature map. A detailed evaluation based on remote sensing image (RSI) and vehicle detection in aerial imagery (VEDAI) data sets for vehicle detection shows that our detection method performs well, the network is simple, and the detection is fast. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for High Spatial Resolution Imagery)
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15 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
Weighted Ensemble Object Detection with Optimized Coefficients for Remote Sensing Images
by Atakan Körez, Necaattin Barışçı, Aydın Çetin and Uçman Ergün
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9(6), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060370 - 4 Jun 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3690
Abstract
The detection of objects in very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images has become increasingly popular with the enhancement of remote sensing technologies. High-resolution images from aircrafts or satellites contain highly detailed and mixed backgrounds that decrease the success of object detection in remote [...] Read more.
The detection of objects in very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images has become increasingly popular with the enhancement of remote sensing technologies. High-resolution images from aircrafts or satellites contain highly detailed and mixed backgrounds that decrease the success of object detection in remote sensing images. In this study, a model that performs weighted ensemble object detection using optimized coefficients is proposed. This model uses the outputs of three different object detection models trained on the same dataset. The model’s structure takes two or more object detection methods as its input and provides an output with an optimized coefficient-weighted ensemble. The Northwestern Polytechnical University Very High Resolution 10 (NWPU-VHR10) and Remote Sensing Object Detection (RSOD) datasets were used to measure the object detection success of the proposed model. Our experiments reveal that the proposed model improved the Mean Average Precision (mAP) performance by 0.78%–16.5% compared to stand-alone models and presents better mean average precision than other state-of-the-art methods (3.55% higher on the NWPU-VHR-10 dataset and 1.49% higher when using the RSOD dataset). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for High Spatial Resolution Imagery)
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