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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 18030

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dongwoo Kang

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
Interests: carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS); acidic gas absorption; sox removal; heavy metal reduction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Sangwon Park

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Chief Guest Editor

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM), 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305350, Korea
Interests: waste recycling; waste treatment; recovery of valuables; air pollutants control, CCUS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since industrialization, the use of natural resources has been increasing. However, the reserves of these resources are limited in the earth. In general, waste generation is also strongly related to resource consumption. Therefore, the amount of waste generated has been increasing. To efficiently utilize the increasingly limited resources, recycling of useful resources present in waste is necessary. This suggests that the development of waste recycling technologies is required. Waste recycling is of universal relevance for the next generation, and thus, the current generation should aim for it.

In general, waste recycling refers to the entire process from collection and selection (pre-treatment) to the technology for use (recycling). Among these technologies, waste recycling refers to recovering useful resources (e.g., utilization of ash and gas, conversion to new materials, and wastewater reuse). Most waste treatment technologies consist of landfilling and incineration. However, the land available for landfilling is limited, as previously mentioned. Therefore, considering the above facts, it is necessary to adopt a technology that considers the environmental benefits of recycling.

This Special Issue will discuss research on waste recycling considering environmental issues. In particular, we welcome the submission of papers related to waste recycling (incineration, toxic waste, wastewater, and sludge) research, reviews, case studies (extraction, recovery, stabilization, and utilization), and policies. Through this, we intend to actively conduct research exchanges between researchers working in areas related to waste.

Dr. Sangwon Park
Prof. Dr. Dongwoo Kang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

waste recycling
waste treatment
recovery of valuables
exhaust gases
stabilization of toxic waste
waste incineration
incineration ashes
wastewater utilization
climate change

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 6457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization and Analysis of the Carbonation Process of a Lime Mortar Obtained from Phosphogypsum Waste

by María Isabel Romero-Hermida, Antonio María Borrero-López, Vicente Flores-Alés, Francisco Javier Alejandre, José María Franco, Alberto Santos and Luis Esquivias

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(12), 6664; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126664 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2445

Abstract

This work addresses the reuse of waste products as a raw material for lime putties, which are one of the components of mortar. 1:3 Lime/sand mortars very similar to conventional construction mortars were prepared using a lime putty obtained from the treatment of phosphogypsum with sodium hydroxide. The physical, rheological and mechanical properties of this phosphogypsum-derived mortar have been studied, as well as the mineralogical composition, microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and curing process by monitoring carbonation and ultrasonic propagation velocity. Considering the negative influence of sulphates on the hardened material, the behaviour of the material after sulphates precipitation by adding barium sulphate was additionally tested. Carbonation progressed from the outside to the inside of the specimen through the porous system by Liesegang rings patterns for mortars with soluble sulphates, while the carbonation with precipitated sulphates was controlled by diffusion-precipitation. Overall, the negative influence of low-sulphate contents on the mechanical properties of mortars was verified. It must be highlighted the importance of their precipitation to obtain adequate performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Waste Recycling)

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18 pages, 5995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental Investigation to Use the Biodiesel Resulting from Recycled Sunflower Oil, and Sunflower Oil with Palm Oil as Fuels for Aviation Turbo-Engines

by Grigore Cican, Marius Deaconu, Radu Mirea, Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra and Mihaiella Cretu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5189; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105189 - 13 May 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2488

Abstract

The paper is presenting the experimental analysis of the use of biodiesel from waste sunflower oil and a blend of sunflower oil with palm oil as fuel for aviation turbo-engines. A comparative analysis for fuel mixtures made of Jet A + 5% Aeroshell 500 Oil (Ke) with 10%, 30%, and 50% for each bio-fuel type has been performed and Ke has been used as reference. Firstly, the following physical and chemical properties were determined: density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, calorific power. Then, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were conducted for Ke, biodiesel obtained from recycled sunflower oil (SF), biodiesel obtained from blending recycled sunflower oil, and recycled palm oil (SFP), and for each fuel blend. Secondly, experimental tests of the blends have been conducted on the Jet Cat P80^® micro-turbo engine (Gunt Hamburg, Barsbüttel, Germany). The tests have been conducted at different engine working regimes as follows: idle, cruise, intermediate, and maximum. For each regime, a one-minute testing period was chosen, and the engine parameters have been monitored. The turbo engine instrumentation recorded the temperature after the compressor and before the turbine, the fuel consumption and air flow, pressure inside the combustion chamber, and generated thrust. The burning efficiency and the specific consumption have been calculated for all four above-mentioned regimes and for all fuel blends. Two accelerometers have been installed on the engine’s support to register radial and axial vibrations allowing the assessment of engine stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Waste Recycling)

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15 pages, 2168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selective Sulfur Dioxide Absorption from Simulated Flue Gas Using Various Aqueous Alkali Solutions in a Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor: Removal Efficiency and Use of Sulfur Dioxide

by Hyun Sic Park, Dongwoan Kang, Jo Hong Kang, Kwanghwi Kim, Jaehyuk Kim and Hojun Song

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020597 - 12 Jan 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3841

Abstract

Hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) provide a large specific surface area. Thus, their significantly reduced volume provides an advantage compared to the conventional gas–liquid contactor. In this study, the selective removal efficiency of flue gas, in which sulfur oxide (SO₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) coexist, was measured using a polypropylene (PP) HFMC with such advantages. To increase the selective removal efficiency of SO₂, experiments were conducted using various alkaline absorbents. As a result, with 0.05 M ammonia solution, the removal efficiency of 95% or more was exhibited with continuous operation for 100 h or more. We confirmed that the absorbent saturated by the once-through mode was aqueous ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) solution and could be used as a fertilizer without additional processing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Waste Recycling)

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14 pages, 6799 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Carbonate Formation from Concentrated Seawater Using CO₂ Chemical Absorption Methodology

by Sangwon Park, Yeon-Sik Bong and Chi Wan Jeon

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010120 - 26 Dec 2020

Viewed by 2357

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage is a popular CO₂-reduction technology, and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology has been reported frequently over the years. However, CCU has certain disadvantages, including the requirement of high energy consumption processes such as mineral carbonation. In addition, stable metal sources are required to fix CO₂. This study used concentrated seawater to supply metal ions. In addition, the selected 5 wt % amine solution changed CO₂ into aqueous CO₂ to reduce the additional energy required to form the metal carbonate under moderate conditions. As a result, precipitates were formed because of the reaction of carbonate radicals with metal ions in the seawater. These precipitates were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and they were found to mostly consist of CaCO₃ and NaCl. Furthermore, it was verified that the conversion solution maintained its CO₂-loading capacity even after the solids and liquid were filtered twice. Therefore, the proposed method permits a substantial reuse of CO₂ and waste seawater when sufficient metal ions are supplied. Therefore, methods to improve their purity will be developed in future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Waste Recycling)

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17 pages, 2786 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Impact of Phosphogypsum-Derived Building Materials

by M. I. Romero-Hermida, V. Flores-Alés, S. J. Hurtado-Bermúdez, A. Santos and L. Esquivias

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(12), 4248; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124248 - 14 Jun 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3104

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to characterize the products obtained from the treatment of phosphogypsum residue by means of two recovery routes, and also to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in the materials obtained and their leachates. In this way, it is possible to determine how the most hazardous components of phosphogypsum behave during procedures until their stabilization through CO₂ fixation. This study provides an initial estimate of the possibilities of reusing the resulting products from a health and safety risk standpoint and their potential polluting capacity. The phases resulting from the transformations were controlled, and the behaviour of standard mortars manufactured from the resulting paste lime was studied. In all cases, an additional control of the leachate products was performed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Waste Recycling)

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Review

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12 pages, 1104 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chloride Removal of Calcium Aluminate-Layered Double Hydroxide Phases: A Review

by Gwangmok Kim and Sangwon Park

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 2797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062797 - 10 Mar 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2772

Abstract

Chlorine is a critical element with respect to the use of fossil fuel, recycling of industrial wastes, and water purification. Chlorine could form toxic chemical compounds, corrode pipe systems and boilers, and contaminate surface and ground waters. Calcium aluminate-layered double hydroxides are one of the most promising materials to remove chlorides due to the chemisorption mechanism, since the phases have positively charged interlayers. Many studies on the synthesis and the characterization of calcium aluminate-layered double hydroxides have been extensively conducted, whereas few studies have been conducted on the chloride removal characteristics of the phases. The state-of-the-art studies on the synthesis methods and the structural characteristics of CaAl-LDH phases, the underlying mechanism on the removal of chlorides, and the potential removal rate and the capacity in the present study were thoroughly reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Waste Recycling)

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