International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Open AccessArticle

Particle Number Concentration Measurements on Public Transport in Bangkok, Thailand

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5316; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075316 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Traffic is a major source of particulate pollution in large cities, and particulate matter (PM) level in Bangkok often exceeds the World Health Organisation limits. While PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are both measured in Bangkok regularly, the sub-micron range of PM, of [...] Read more.

Traffic is a major source of particulate pollution in large cities, and particulate matter (PM) level in Bangkok often exceeds the World Health Organisation limits. While PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are both measured in Bangkok regularly, the sub-micron range of PM, of specific interest in regard to possible adverse health effects, is very limited. In the study, particle number concentration (PNC) was measured on public transport in Bangkok. A travel route through Bangkok using the state railway, the mass rapid transport underground system, the Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS) Skytrain and public buses on the road network, with walking routes between, was taken whilst measuring particle levels with a hand-held concentration particle counter. The route was repeated 19 times covering different seasons during either morning or evening rush hours. The highest particle concentrations were found on the state railway, followed by the bus, the BTS Skytrain and the MRT underground with measured peaks of 350,000, 330,000, 33,000 and 9000 cm⁻³, respectively, though particle numbers over 100,000 cm⁻³ may be an underestimation due to undercounting in the instrument. Inside each form of public transport, particle numbers would peak when stopping to collect passengers (doors opening) and decay with a half-life between 2 and 3 min. There was a weak correlation between particle concentration on bus, train and BTS and Skytrain with carbon monoxide concentration, as measured at a fixed location in the city. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Indoor Air Quality and Health in Vehicles)

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Open AccessArticle

Geographical Disparity in Cardiorespiratory Fitness among 3,189,540 Japanese Children and Adolescents before and during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: An Ecological Study

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Tetsuhiro Kidokoro

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075315 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

This ecological study aimed to use nationally representative physical fitness (PF) data to investigate the geographical disparities in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among Japanese children across prefectures before and during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The publicly available descriptive PF data of children from [...] Read more.

This ecological study aimed to use nationally representative physical fitness (PF) data to investigate the geographical disparities in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among Japanese children across prefectures before and during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The publicly available descriptive PF data of children from Grade 5 (10–11 years; n = 1,946,437) and adolescents from Grade 8 (13–14 years; n = 1,243,103) at the prefecture level (47 prefectures) were obtained from the annual census PF survey in 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic). The 20 m shuttle run performance was used as a measure of CRF. Geographical disparity was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV) for CRF across prefectures. There were significant negative relationships between the magnitude of infections (evaluated as the number of confirmed cases) and changes in CRF at the prefecture level (r ≤ −0.293, p < 0.05). This study also found a substantial increase in CVs of CRF across prefectures for Grade 8 students, suggesting that COVID-19-related restrictions had widened the geographical disparity in CRF among Japanese adolescents. Adolescents’ CRF is an important marker for current and future health; hence, the findings of widening geographical disparities in CRF are suggestive of widening geographical disparities in health among the Japanese population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sedentary Behavior and Physical Inactivity in the Asia-Pacific Region: Challenges and Opportunities in a Century of Change)

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Open AccessArticle

An Analysis of the Prevalence and Factors Influencing Food Insecurity among University Students Participating in Alcohol Consumption in KwaZulu-Natal Province

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Senelisiwe Penelope Jilajila

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Mjabuliseni Simon Cloapas Ngidi

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Simphiwe Innocentia Hlatshwayo

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Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5314; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075314 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Food insecurity among the student population is a prominent issue in South African university institutions. However, personal experiences and the myriad of underlying factors contributing to the issue remain poorly documented. Among other factors, these universities are characterized by the admission of a [...] Read more.

Food insecurity among the student population is a prominent issue in South African university institutions. However, personal experiences and the myriad of underlying factors contributing to the issue remain poorly documented. Among other factors, these universities are characterized by the admission of a majority of their student population from poor backgrounds with limited financial capabilities, and this affects their food security status. The purpose of this study was to view the patterns of food insecurity among students, with a focus on alcohol consumption as one of the various factors influencing student food security status. Data were collected from 156 student respondents from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban University of Technology, Mangosuthu University of Technology, and the University of Zululand. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale revealed that from the total sample, only 21.79% reported themselves as food secure, whilst the remainder reported varying levels of food insecurity with 17.31% of students being food insecure, 16.03% mildly food insecure, and 44.87% severely food insecure. On the other hand, a prevalence of 73.08% (n = 114) of alcohol consumption was found among the sampled students. Ordered probit models results suggested that students’ alcohol consumption prevalence was determined by gender, level of study, exercise/playing sport, marital status, and distance to campus, which all had statistically significant effects on students’ alcohol consumption. Most crucially, gender, institution and campus positively affected students’ food security status, while the income variable made a negative significant contribution towards student food security status. Therefore, a link between students’ finances and food insecurity was evident. However, further research is required to delve into the link between the level and impact of students’ alcohol consumption and its implications on their financial status, and thus food security status. This is crucial information which will help policymakers understand these underlying factors and experiences and thus find solutions for issues related with food insecurity. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

A Descriptive Qualitative Study of the Perceptions of Regulatory Authorities, Parents, and School Canteen Owners in the South of Ecuador about the Challenges and Facilities Related to Compliance with the National Regulation for School Canteens

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Belén Cabrera-Ledesma

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Victoria Abril-Ulloa

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Verónica Pinos-Vélez

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Valeria Carpio-Arias

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075313 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Ecuadorian school population continues to increase. An important factor in children’s nutrition is the food offered in school canteens. The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions of the challenges faced by and [...] Read more.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Ecuadorian school population continues to increase. An important factor in children’s nutrition is the food offered in school canteens. The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions of the challenges faced by and facilities of school canteens in the provinces of southern Ecuador in terms of complying with national regulations. For this qualitative descriptive study, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2021 with six school canteen owners, six school directors, five health experts, and seven parents of children attending school from three provinces, Cañar, Azuay, and Morona Santiago, in Ecuador. The data were transcribed and subsequently analyzed in ATLAS ti. The participants indicated several challenges to comply with the regulations of school canteens, such as the expenses generated by them, the lack of control of street food vendors in the surroundings of the schools, and the lack of trained personnel. Regarding the facilities, they highlighted that the regulation for cleaning and hygiene are more easily fulfilled. Standards and control of the food stipend in school canteens are required to ensure a supply of healthy food for the children. Multiple challenges and strategies are proposed to improve the eating habits of the school population and to improve the nutrition of schoolchildren. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Diet and Public Health: Assessment in Different Individuals and Groups)

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Consciousness, Purchase Intention, and Actual Purchase Behavior of Eco-Friendly Products: The Moderating Impact of Situational Context

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Nayeon Kim

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Kyungtag Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5312; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075312 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Recently, environmental issues have become major social concerns, and consumers are becoming increasingly aware of environmental matters; however, they remain hesitant to purchase eco-friendly products. This study examined consumers’ environmental consciousness as a factor influencing the purchase of eco-friendly products, and investigated situational [...] Read more.

Recently, environmental issues have become major social concerns, and consumers are becoming increasingly aware of environmental matters; however, they remain hesitant to purchase eco-friendly products. This study examined consumers’ environmental consciousness as a factor influencing the purchase of eco-friendly products, and investigated situational factors that induce hesitancy in purchasing eco-friendly products. We studied the moderating effects of these factors with regard to ease of purchase and eco label credibility. Our research model is validated using data from 220 consumers with experience in purchasing eco-friendly products in Korea. For the data analysis, we used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 to perform confirmatory factor analysis and SEM. The specific verification results are as follows. First, environmental interest did not significantly impact the purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Second, consumers’ environmental knowledge and consumer effectiveness perception both had a significant impact on the purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Third, the intention to purchase eco-friendly products significantly impacted the purchase behavior of eco-friendly products. In addition, the results of this study show that ease of purchase and eco label credibility have moderating effects on the relationship between purchase intention and purchase behavior. This study results contribute to the eco-friendly consumption literature by explaining the intention–behavior gap. This study also show that eco-friendly consumption can be stimulated through raising eco label credibility and ease of purchase. The findings have theoretical implications for understanding the factors that affect consumers’ intentions of and behavior toward eco product purchases, and practical implications for how to stimulate environmental consumer behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion)

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Open AccessArticle

Dissemination and Implementation of a Text Messaging Campaign to Improve Health Disparities among Im/Migrant Workers

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Ellie Cherryhomes

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Shannon Guillot-Wright

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5311; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075311 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

The use of short message service (SMS) text messaging technology has grown in popularity over the last twenty years, but there is limited data on the design and feasibility of campaigns to reduce work-related injury, particularly among rural workers, non-native English speakers, and [...] Read more.

The use of short message service (SMS) text messaging technology has grown in popularity over the last twenty years, but there is limited data on the design and feasibility of campaigns to reduce work-related injury, particularly among rural workers, non-native English speakers, and illiterate or low-literacy populations. Although there is a critical need for tech equity or ‘TechQuity’ interventions that reduce injury and enhance the wellbeing of under-reached communities, the barriers and benefits to implementation must be empirically and systematically examined. Thus, our team used D&I science to design and implement an 18-week texting campaign for under-reached workers with a higher-than-average risk of fatal and non-fatal injury. The experimental project was conducted with English-, Spanish-, and Vietnamese-speaking commercial fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico to test the design and feasibility, and messaging focused on preventing injury from slips, trips, and falls, as well as hurricane preparedness. The ubiquity of mobile devices and the previous success of texting campaigns made this a promising approach for enhancing health and preventing injury among an under-reached population. However, the perceived benefits were not without their barriers. The lessons learned included the difficulty of navigating federal regulations regarding limits for special characters, enrolling migratory participants, and navigating areas with limited cellular service or populations with limited accessibility to technology. We conclude with short- and long-term suggestions for future technology interventions for under-reached worker populations, including ethical and policy regulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of New Technologies on Occupational Health and Well-Being)

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Open AccessArticle

Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5310; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075310 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Sleep debt is associated with presenteeism and mental health; however, the association of sleep debt with presenteeism and well-being in the context of work-related social factors (commuting time, workdays, and working hours) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether [...] Read more.

Sleep debt is associated with presenteeism and mental health; however, the association of sleep debt with presenteeism and well-being in the context of work-related social factors (commuting time, workdays, and working hours) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether work-related social factors are associated with presenteeism and well-being via sleep debt. The participant group comprised 872 full-time and 526 part-time workers (mean age: 44.65 ± 12.37 and 48.47 ± 12.93 years, respectively). For both the full-time and part-time workers, increased sleep debt was significantly associated with presenteeism (

β

= −0.171;

β

= −0.160) and low well-being (

β

= −0.135;

β

= −0.153). Notably, commuting time was significantly associated with increased sleep debt in full-time workers (

β

= 0.09). In contrast, the number of workdays was significantly associated with increased sleep debt in part-time workers (

β

= −0.102). Working hours were not significantly associated with sleep debt for both full- and part-time workers. These results reveal that sleep debt might lead to various risks among workers, elucidating the work-related social factors related to sleep debt. They also highlight the importance of considering work-related social factors when addressing sleep debt. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disorders, Medicine and Mental Health)

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Open AccessArticle

A Principal Investigator as a PrEP-Using Peer Change Agent for HIV Prevention among Black Gay and Bisexual Men: An Autoethnography

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Derek T. Dangerfield II

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5309; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075309 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains suboptimal among Black gay and bisexual men (GBM). Multilevel factors such as medication costs, intersectional stigma, patient-clinician communication, medical mistrust, side effect concerns, and low perceived HIV risk (PHR) are well-established PrEP initiation barriers for this group. [...] Read more.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains suboptimal among Black gay and bisexual men (GBM). Multilevel factors such as medication costs, intersectional stigma, patient-clinician communication, medical mistrust, side effect concerns, and low perceived HIV risk (PHR) are well-established PrEP initiation barriers for this group. Peer change agents (PCAs) are culturally congruent interventionists who can circumvent multilevel PrEP barriers among Black GBM. I led an intervention as a PrEP-using PCA to improve PHR and PrEP willingness among 69 Black GBM from 2019–2022 and conducted an autoethnography to better understand multilevel barriers and identify the personal/professional challenges of being an in-group HIV interventionist serving Black SMM. Findings provide novel perspectives regarding PrEP barriers, the role of cultural homophily in behavior change interventions, and how interpersonal dynamics can impact staff fatigue, protocol fidelity, and research participation. Recommendations to prepare and support culturally congruent research staff are also provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention)

Open AccessArticle

Social Inequities in Exposure to Traffic-Related Air and Noise Pollution at Public Schools in Texas

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Jayajit Chakraborty

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Jacob J. Aun

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5308; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075308 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Although children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of vehicular pollution and spend significant portions of their time at school, previous studies have not examined or compared school-level social inequities in exposure to both traffic-related air and noise pollution in the same [...] Read more.

Although children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of vehicular pollution and spend significant portions of their time at school, previous studies have not examined or compared school-level social inequities in exposure to both traffic-related air and noise pollution in the same study area. We addressed this gap through a case study in Texas—the second-largest US state based on total population and number of children. Vehicular pollution exposure was measured using: (1) outdoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), a widely used proxy for traffic-related air pollution; and (2) road noise estimates from the US Department of Transportation’s National Transportation Noise Mapping Tool. These variables were linked to data on locations and sociodemographic characteristics of children enrolled in Texas public schools. We found children attending schools with the highest exposure to both NO₂ and road noise (top 25%) were significantly more likely to be Black, Hispanic, and eligible for free/reduced lunches (socioeconomically deprived). Results from multivariable generalized estimating equations that control for spatial clustering and other relevant factors revealed that schools with greater NO₂ exposure were significantly more likely to serve racial/ethnic minority and younger students, while schools with greater exposure to road noise were significantly more likely to serve socioeconomically deprived and older students. These findings underscore the urgent need to reduce both air pollution and noise exposure at school locations, especially in schools attended by higher proportions of socially disadvantaged children that are often additionally burdened with other challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Emerging Topics in Environmental Justice)

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Open AccessArticle

Construction of a Musculoskeletal Discomfort Scale for the Lower Limbs of Workers: An Analysis Using the Multigroup Item Response Theory

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Joel Gomes da Silva

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Jonhatan Magno Norte da Silva

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Lucas Gomes Miranda Bispo

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Deividson Sá Fernandes de Souza

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Rômulo Silva Serafim

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Manoel Gerônimo Lino Torres

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Wilza Karla dos Santos Leite

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Elamara Marama de Araujo Vieira

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5307; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075307 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Musculoskeletal symptoms are a major occupational health problem in workers, and these can affect all professional occupations. Previous studies have proposed metrics capable of evaluating the musculoskeletal discomfort experienced by workers. However, no study has developed a metric that considers professional groups. Thus, [...] Read more.

Musculoskeletal symptoms are a major occupational health problem in workers, and these can affect all professional occupations. Previous studies have proposed metrics capable of evaluating the musculoskeletal discomfort experienced by workers. However, no study has developed a metric that considers professional groups. Thus, this study aimed to develop a scale for musculoskeletal discomfort in the lower limbs to compare self-reported symptoms among education, health, and industry professionals. The sample included 159 teachers, 167 health professionals, and 401 industrial operators who relayed their symptoms using a diagram of the hips, thighs, knees, lower legs, and feet. Factor and multigroup item response theory analyses were used to construct a musculoskeletal discomfort scale consisting of seven levels and to assess and compare the identified symptoms. The results showed that the progressive evolution of discomfort differed for each profession, demonstrating that each context and work environment affects workers differently, which may explain the different patterns of symptom responses among professional groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Health Risk Assessment)

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Open AccessArticle

The Judgments and Emotion Attributions in Peer Exclusion Situations among Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Graders in Japan

by

Mari Hasegawa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5306; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075306 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

This study examined the judgments and emotion attributions in peer exclusion situations among Japanese middle-childhood children (fourth graders and sixth graders) and adolescents (eighth graders). In total, 371 participants were presented with one of three bystander conditions—no bystander, passive bystander, or active bystander—and [...] Read more.

This study examined the judgments and emotion attributions in peer exclusion situations among Japanese middle-childhood children (fourth graders and sixth graders) and adolescents (eighth graders). In total, 371 participants were presented with one of three bystander conditions—no bystander, passive bystander, or active bystander—and asked to judge the excluders’ behavior and attribute emotions toward excluders. Here, excluders are children who physically or emotionally separate other children from social groups. All scenarios involved a child wishing to join a peer group but was rejected (that is, excluded from the group), and there were three types of situations: one in which there were no bystanders, one in which the bystanders did not respond, and one in which the bystanders allowed the excluded child into their group. The excluded target was presented as either violent or shy. Furthermore, the participants assessed their own bullying and bystander behaviors in their daily lives. Adolescents judged excluders as less immoral and as having positive emotions more often than did children. Both children and adolescents judged the exclusion of violent targets to be less serious than the exclusion of shy targets. There were no differences in judgments and attributions according to bystander types. There was weak evidence of a relationship between self-reported bullying/bystander behavior, and judgment in fictitious settings was obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Emotional and Cognitive Development in Children)

Open AccessReview

Analysing the Impact on Health and Environment from Biogas Production Process and Biomass Combustion: A Scoping Review

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5305; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075305 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy production entails the development of novel green technologies, among them the use of biomass for energy generation. Industrial processes raise new issues regarding emerging risks for the health of people working in biogas plants and of nearby [...] Read more.

The increasing demand for renewable energy production entails the development of novel green technologies, among them the use of biomass for energy generation. Industrial processes raise new issues regarding emerging risks for the health of people working in biogas plants and of nearby communities. The potential epidemiological and environmental impacts on human health related to biogas plants were assessed by means of a review of the available literature. Nineteen papers published between 2000 and 2022 were identified through electronic database search using search strings. The selected works are epidemiological studies and environmental monitoring studies, which aimed at investigating what are the health risk factors for biogas plant workers and for people living in the surrounding communities. The results of the epidemiological studies revealed a potential exposure to endotoxins and fungi that are associated with respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, the results from the environmental monitoring studies showed significant concentrations of particulate matter, microbial agents, endotoxins, and VOCs in occupational settings. In conclusion, the results of this literature review suggest that further analyses through an integrated approach combining environmental and health data are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with the uptake of biogas technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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Open AccessBrief Report

Past-Year Blunt Smoking among Youth: Differences by LGBT and Non-LGBT Identity

by

Robert Andrew Yockey

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Tracey E. Barnett

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5304; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075304 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Blunt use (co-use of tobacco and marijuana) is a growing phenomenon among youth and disproportionately affects minority populations. LGBT+ populations are significantly more likely to use marijuana and tobacco, but this relationship has yet to be examined among LGBT+ adolescents. This analysis aimed [...] Read more.

Blunt use (co-use of tobacco and marijuana) is a growing phenomenon among youth and disproportionately affects minority populations. LGBT+ populations are significantly more likely to use marijuana and tobacco, but this relationship has yet to be examined among LGBT+ adolescents. This analysis aimed to investigate past-year blunt use among a national sample of youth and delineate the differences between non-LGBT and LGBT+ youth. We used Wave 2 of the Population and Tobacco Health (PATH) study. We analyzed data from 7518 youth, comparing past-year blunt use between LGBT+ and non-LGBT youth, controlling for biological sex, race, and age using weighted logistic regression models. Greater than 1 in 10 youth (10.6%) reported using blunts in the past year. More than one in five (21.6%) LGBT+ youth reported using blunts in the past year. There were no significant differences between boys and girls. Older youth (17 years old) were more likely to use blunts in the past year (aPR: 3.04, 95% CI 2.48, 3.79) than younger youth. Compared with non-LGBT youth, LGBT+ youth were 2.17 times (95% CI 1.86, 2.54) more likely to report using blunts in the past year. Blunt use and its respective impact on health outcomes among developing youth are of concern to public health. These findings demonstrate that certain subgroups of youth are more at risk for use and emphasize the need for tailored interventions to mitigate initiation and current use, given that one of the goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative is to “Improve the health, safety, and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals”. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention of High-Risk Behaviors in Adolescence)

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Individual Mental Health Issues: A Qualitative Study among Fellowship-Trained Sports Medicine Physicians

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James Stavitz

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Adam Eckart

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Pragya Ghimire

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5303; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075303 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

The mental health of fellowship-trained sports medicine physicians (FTSMPs) around the United States is a subject that needs additional exploration. Currently, there is little research exploring how FTSMPs address their mental health on a routine basis. Using the theory of secondary trauma stress [...] Read more.

The mental health of fellowship-trained sports medicine physicians (FTSMPs) around the United States is a subject that needs additional exploration. Currently, there is little research exploring how FTSMPs address their mental health on a routine basis. Using the theory of secondary trauma stress to help navigate this study, the purpose of this expressive, all-purpose qualitative study is to improve the understanding of FTSMPs’ perceptions of their mental health and the kinds of strategies used to manage these issues. This is a general qualitative study. All interviews were conducted via video communication platforms such as Zoom. The final sample included 35 FTSMPs: 25 men and 10 women. Data collection used a semi-structured interview approach. Data analysis was carried out using NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software. Four themes emerged: mental health matters affect individual daily lives of FTSMPs; FTSMPs correlate mental health struggles with stress and anxiety; FTSMPs experience barricades when seeking support for mental health issues; and FTSMPs have poor mental health support-seeking behaviors. Results highlight openings for hospitals and private practice institutions, including producing a maintainable work–life equilibrium for FTSMPs and offering these FTSMPs access to mental health services. These recommendations may diminish exhaustion amongst several FTSMPs, a product detrimental to patients, providers, and hospitals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Mental Health in Sport)

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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones

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Luis Carus

and

Xhevrije Mamaqi-Kapllani

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075302 (registering DOI) - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports’ accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow [...] Read more.

Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports’ accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow zones, to compare them to the recommended velocity limits and to assess whether their velocities were in any way related to their personal characteristics and to environmental conditions. Data were drawn from a sample of 1023 recreational skiers and snowboarders during the 2021–2022 winter season at four ski resorts located in the Spanish Pyrenees. Maximum velocity measurements were taken by the authors with a radar speed gun whose precision had been previously validated. Bivariate analysis tests were used to compare the influence that personal characteristics and environmental conditions had on the participants’ maximum velocities. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was performed. The binary logistic regression was used to distinguish the categories of personal and environmental factors that have the highest probabilities of impact on different segments of velocity. As generally accepted, probability values were two-tailed, and values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significant. Participants’ mean measured maximum velocity (±SD) was 51.61 (±16.14) km/h. A vast majority of the participants in this study traveled in slow zones at actual maximum velocities well over the recommended limits. Multivariate analysis showed that modality and both environmental conditions (visibility and snow quality) were highly significant and can be used to explain the chances of an increase in velocity in slow zones. Further research is needed to investigate causal relationships between skiers and snowboarders’ accidents, injuries and disrespect for velocity limits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Winter Sport Injuries: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures)

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Open AccessArticle

Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin

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Rachel Pomazal

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Kristen M. C. Malecki

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075301 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Alcohol consumption often increases in times of stress such as disease outbreaks. Wisconsin has historically ranked as one of the heaviest drinking states in the United States with a persistent drinking culture. Few studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on [...] Read more.

Alcohol consumption often increases in times of stress such as disease outbreaks. Wisconsin has historically ranked as one of the heaviest drinking states in the United States with a persistent drinking culture. Few studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption after the first few months of the pandemic. The primary aim of this study is to identify factors related to changes in drinking at three timepoints during the first eighteen months of the pandemic. Survey data was collected from May to June 2020 (Wave 1), from January to February 2021 (Wave 2), and in June 2021 (Wave 3) among past participants of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. Study participants included 1290, 1868, and 1827 participants in each survey wave, respectively. Participants were asked how their alcohol consumption changed in each wave. Being younger, having anxiety, a bachelor’s degree or higher, having higher income, working remotely, and children in the home were significantly associated with increased drinking in all waves. Using logistic regression modeling, younger age was the most important predictor of increased alcohol consumption in each wave. Young adults in Wisconsin may be at higher risk for heavy drinking as these participants were more likely to increase alcohol use in all three surveys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alcohol Use and Misuse: A Public Health Perspective)

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Open AccessArticle

Risk of Lactic Acidosis in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients Prescribed Biguanides in Japan: A Retrospective Total-Population Cohort Study

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075300 - 29 Mar 2023

Abstract

Patient data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) are used to assess the effect of biguanide administration on rates of lactic acidosis (LA) in hospitalized diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. In this retrospective cohort study [...] Read more.

Patient data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) are used to assess the effect of biguanide administration on rates of lactic acidosis (LA) in hospitalized diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. In this retrospective cohort study (from April 2013 to March 2016), we compare DM inpatients prescribed biguanides to DM inpatients who were not prescribed biguanides to quantify the association between biguanides and incidence of LA. In total, 8,111,848 DM patient records are retrieved from the NDB. Of the 528,768 inpatients prescribed biguanides, 782 develop LA. Of the 1,967,982 inpatients not prescribed biguanides, 1310 develop LA. The rate ratio of inpatients who develop LA and are administered biguanides to those who developed LA without receiving biguanides is 1.44 (95% CI, 1.32–1.58). Incidence rates and rate ratios for both sexes are elevated in the group prescribed biguanides for patients aged 70 years and older, markedly in those 80 years and older: 40.12 and 6.31 (95% CI, 4.75–8.39), respectively, for men and 34.96 and 5.40 (95% CI, 3.91–7.46), respectively, for women. Biguanides should be used conservatively in patients older than 70 years, particularly for those with comorbidities, and with caution in patients 80 years and older. Full article

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Open AccessProject Report

Social Media and the Influence of Fake News on Global Health Interventions: Implications for a Study on Dengue in Brazil

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Marie-Catherine Gagnon-Dufresne

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Mayana Azevedo Dantas

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Kellyanne Abreu Silva

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Jean Souza dos Anjos

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Delano Pessoa Carneiro Barbosa

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075299 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2023

Abstract

Social media usage is growing globally, with an exponential increase in low- and middle-income countries. Social media changes the ways in which information-sharing occurs, intensifying the population’s exposure to misinformation, including fake news. This has important repercussions for global health. The spread of [...] Read more.

Social media usage is growing globally, with an exponential increase in low- and middle-income countries. Social media changes the ways in which information-sharing occurs, intensifying the population’s exposure to misinformation, including fake news. This has important repercussions for global health. The spread of fake news can undermine the implementation of evidence-based interventions and weaken the credibility of scientific expertise. This is particularly worrisome in countries, such as Brazil, in a sociopolitical context characterized by a lack of popular trust in public institutions. In this project report, we describe our experience with the spread of fake news through the social media platform WhatsApp during the implementation of a cluster randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing dengue incidence in children in Fortaleza (Brazil). During initial visits to selected clusters, the research team was met with resistance. Then, soon after data collection started, fake news began circulating about the study. As a result, the research team developed strategies to dispel suspicion and further promote the study. However, the climate of violence and mistrust, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, forced the interruption of the study in 2019. The lessons learned from our experience in Fortaleza can be useful to other researchers and practitioners implementing large-scale interventions in this era of health-related misinformation. Full article

Open AccessSystematic Review

Adaptogens on Depression-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Integrative Review and Rationale of Synergism with Physical Activity

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5298; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075298 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2023

Abstract

Depression is considered the most important disorder affecting mental health. The aim of this systematic integrative review was: (i) to describe the effects of supplementation with adaptogens on variables related to depression in adults; and (ii) to discuss the potential combination with physical [...] Read more.

Depression is considered the most important disorder affecting mental health. The aim of this systematic integrative review was: (i) to describe the effects of supplementation with adaptogens on variables related to depression in adults; and (ii) to discuss the potential combination with physical exercise to aid planning and commissioning future clinical research. An integrative review was developed complementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021249682). A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. With a Price index of 46.4%, we found that: (i) Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) is the most studied and supported adaptogen (17/41 [41.46%], three systematic reviews with meta-analysis) followed by Crocus sativus L. or saffron (6/41 [14.63%], three systematic reviews with meta-analysis and two systematic reviews); (ii) it is possible that the significantly better performance of adaptogens over placebo is due to the reduction of allostatic load via the action of secondary metabolites on BDNF regulation; and, (iii) the number of studies reporting physical activity levels is limited or null for those that combine an exercise program with the consumption of adaptogens. Aware of the need for a multidisciplinary approach for depression treatment, this systematic integrative review provides an up-to-date view for supporting the use of St. John’s Wort and saffron as non-pharmacological strategies while also help commissioning future research on the efficacy of other adaptogens. It also contributes to the design of future clinical research studies that evaluate the consumption of herbal extracts plus physical exercise, mainly resistance training, as a potentially safe and powerful strategy to treat depression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Major Depressive Disorder Research)

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