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Urban Stormwater and Flood Management: Building Sustainable and Resilient Cities

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Dear Colleagues,

Urban rainwater and flood management is an important part of urban water supply, water drainage and water safety management. It is one of the hot topics in current urban hydrological research, and also forms the scientific basis for urban green and sustainable development as well as scientific planning and construction. It is closely related to urban residents’ health as well as flood control safety. The main research topics include urban rainwater harvesting, urban waterlogging, urban flood disaster, urban stormwater management, urban low-impact development, sponge city design and construction, urban hydrological cycle, urban water security, urban water resources, urban water environment and water ecology, cause analysis of urban flood disaster, disaster loss evaluation, rainstorm-flood emergency technology, urban rainstorm-flood countermeasures, risk assessment and management of urban flood disaster etc. Research articles, review articles and other articles in related fields and research topics are highly welcome.

Dr. Jinjun Zhou
Prof. Dr. Ali Cheshmehzangi
Dr. Weichao Yang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

urban hydrology
urban rainwater harvesting
urban flood
urban waterlogging
low impact development
sponge city
urban stormwater management
urban flood damage
flood hazard risk
resilient city
disaster risk management

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Research

23 pages, 4962 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Flood Modeling and Risk Assessment with Limited Observation Data: The Beijing Future Science City of China

by Huan Xu, Ying Wang, Xiaoran Fu, Dong Wang and Qinghua Luan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4640; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054640 - 06 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1505

Abstract

The frequency of urban storms has increased, influenced by the climate changing and urbanization, and the process of urban rainfall runoff has also changed, leading to severe urban waterlogging problems. Against this background, the risk of urban waterlogging was analyzed and assessed accurately, using an urban stormwater model as necessary. Most studies have used urban hydrological models to assess flood risk; however, due to limited flow pipeline data, the calibration and the validation of the models are difficult. This study applied the MIKE URBAN model to build a drainage system model in the Beijing Future Science City of China, where the discharge of pipelines was absent. Three methods, of empirical calibration, formula validation, and validation based on field investigation, were used to calibrate and validate the parameters of the model. After the empirical calibration, the relative error range between the simulated value and the measured value was verified by the formula as within 25%. The simulated runoff depth was consistent with a field survey verified by the method of validation based on field investigation, showing the model has good applicability in the study area. Then, the rainfall scenarios of different return periods were designed and simulated. Simulation results showed that, for the 10-year return period, there are overflow pipe sections in northern and southern regions, and the number of overflow pipe sections in the northern region is more than that in the southern region. For the 20-year return period and 50-year return period, the number of overflow pipe sections and nodes in the northern region increased, while for the 100-year return period, the number of overflow nodes both increased. With the increase in the rainfall return period, the pipe network load increased, the points and sections prone to accumulation and waterlogging increased, and the regional waterlogging risk increased. The southern region is prone to waterlogging because the pipeline network density is higher than that in the northern region and the terrain is low-lying. This study provides a reference for the establishment of rainwater drainage models in regions with similar database limitations and provides a technical reference for the calibration and validation of stormwater models that lack rainfall runoff data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Stormwater and Flood Management: Building Sustainable and Resilient Cities)

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15 pages, 3624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design Rainfall Change of Rainwater Source Control Facility to Meet Future Scenarios in Beijing

by Xuerao Wang, Zhiyong Zhao, Zhiming Zhang, Meifang Ren and Thomas Sagris

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4355; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054355 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 998

Abstract

Rainwater source control facilities are essential to sponge city construction in China. Their size is determined based on historical rainfall data. However, with global warming and rapid urban development, rainfall characteristics have also changed, potentially leading to the failure of rainwater source- control facilities to manage surface water in the future. In this study, the design rainfall’s change and spatial distribution are analyzed using historical (1961–2014) observation rainfall data and future (2020–2100) projection data of three CMIP6 climate models. The results show that EC-Earth3 and GFDL-ESM4 project that future design rainfall will increase. EC-Earth3 projects a significant increase, while MPI-ESM1-2 projects that the design rainfall will decrease significantly. From the perspective of space, the design rainfall isoline in Beijing has always increased from northwest to southeast. In the historical period, the difference in design rainfall in different regions has reached 19 mm, and this regional heterogeneity shows an increasing trend in the future projection of EC-Earth3 and GFDL-ESM4. The difference in design rainfall in different regions is 26.2 mm and 21.7 mm, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to consider future rainfall changes in the design of rainwater source control facilities. The relationship curve between the volume capture ratio (VCR) of annual rainfall and design rainfall based on the rainfall data of the project site or region should be analyzed to determine the design rainfall of the rainwater source control facilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Stormwater and Flood Management: Building Sustainable and Resilient Cities)

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