Horticulturae

Research

17 pages, 2724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Benzothiadiazole on the Amino Acids and Aroma Compositions of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

by Rafia Salifu, Yumei Jiang, Lingzhen Ba, Zhen Zhang, Lidan Feng and Jixin Li

Horticulturae 2022, 8(9), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090812 - 05 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1366

Abstract

The application of elicitors enhances grape quality, especially the volatile compounds. There are few studies on the influence of elicitors on the aroma compositions of grapes. Additionally, studies on the amino acids and aroma profiles of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes are scant. The objective [...] Read more.

The application of elicitors enhances grape quality, especially the volatile compounds. There are few studies on the influence of elicitors on the aroma compositions of grapes. Additionally, studies on the amino acids and aroma profiles of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes are scant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatments on the amino acids and aroma profiles of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes during berry development. BTH was sprayed on berries at three different stages during grape development; the fruit set period, swelling, and veraison stages. Physicochemical parameters, amino acids, and aroma compounds of the grapes were evaluated. The results showed increased an weight and color quality of treated grapes, while the content of primary metabolites such as sugar and amino acids in treated grapes declined relative to control grapes. However, total concentrations of the various aroma classes were higher in treated grapes, except for carbonyls and terpenoids, which presented higher levels in control grapes than in BTH-treated grapes. The correlation analysis between amino acids and aroma compounds revealed positive correlations in both samples with few negative correlations in BTH samples. The odor activity values (OAVs) affirmed the floral, fruity, and fresh-green nature of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes. BTH application to ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ berries significantly influenced the compositional qualities of the grapes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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15 pages, 410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

‘Frontenac’ Grape Response to Canopy Management in North Dakota

by Brittany Korynta Olson, Matthew Brooke, Zhuoyu Wang, Andrej Svyantek, John Stenger and Harlene Hatterman-Valenti

Horticulturae 2021, 7(9), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090288 - 03 Sep 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2157

Abstract

Experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of training system and leaf removal treatments on yield and quality for ‘Frontenac’, an interspecific hybrid wine grape, at a research vineyard located near Absaraka, North Dakota. The experiment was structured as [...] Read more.

Experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of training system and leaf removal treatments on yield and quality for ‘Frontenac’, an interspecific hybrid wine grape, at a research vineyard located near Absaraka, North Dakota. The experiment was structured as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement including four training system treatments (Geneva Double Curtain (GDC), High Cordon (HC), Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP), Four-Arm Kniffin (4AK)), and four-leaf removal timing treatments (bloom, post-bloom, veraison, and a control, no removal) with eight replicates. In 2013, 1428 growing degree days (GDDs) accumulated in the 155 days between frost events. In 2014, 1156 GDDs accumulated in the 121 days between frost events, 272 GDDs less than the year prior. Even with the large GDD differences between years, there was no significant interaction between trellis type and leaf removal, and the main factor of leaf removal did not influence any of the fruit variables where data were collected. Combined data analysis showed no significant differences in fruit juice total soluble solids (TSS) or titratable acidity (TA). The fruit juice pH in 2013 was greater when grapes were grown in the VSP system compared to grapes grown in the other trellis systems. In 2014, live nodes and total shoots were greater for grapes grown on GDC and 4AK systems compared to grapes grown on the HC and VSP systems. Additionally, in 2014, grapes grown on the GDC system had a greater cluster number and yield when compared to grapes grown on the 4AK or VSP systems. These findings suggest that ‘Frontenac’ fruit TSS accumulation and TA were not affected by leaf removal or trellis system in North Dakota vineyards and that yield gains may be reached due to the training system without negatively affecting fruit quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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11 pages, 261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Disease Susceptibility of Interspecific Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivars in Northeastern U.S.A

by Ann L. Hazelrigg, Terence L. Bradshaw and Gabriella S. Maia

Horticulturae 2021, 7(8), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080216 - 30 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2101

Abstract

Susceptibility to diseases of economically important grapes is critical to the evaluation of germplasm recommended for commercial production and for the development of sustainable production systems. In 2018–2019, the cold-hardy grape cultivars including ‘Brianna’, ‘Crimson Pearl’, ‘Itasca’, ‘Louise Swenson’, ‘Marechal Foch’, ‘Marquette’ ‘Petite [...] Read more.

Susceptibility to diseases of economically important grapes is critical to the evaluation of germplasm recommended for commercial production and for the development of sustainable production systems. In 2018–2019, the cold-hardy grape cultivars including ‘Brianna’, ‘Crimson Pearl’, ‘Itasca’, ‘Louise Swenson’, ‘Marechal Foch’, ‘Marquette’ ‘Petite Pearl’, ‘St. Pepin’, and ‘Verona’ were evaluated on non-treated vines for susceptibility to downy mildew, powdery mildew, black rot, anthracnose, Phomopsis leaf spot and fruit rot, and Botrytis bunch rot. No cultivars were consistently disease-free, and all exhibited some degree of black rot and powdery mildew infection. Relative susceptibility to disease was not consistent across both years, but ‘Brianna’ had greater incidence of black rot and ‘Louise Swenson’ showed lower incidence of powdery mildew in both years. The relatively new cultivars ‘Crimson Pearl’ and ‘Verona’ exhibited comparatively moderate disease susceptibility overall. Growers typically manage diseases with fungicides on commercial farms, so cultivar susceptibility is just one component of a sustainable pest management and production system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

24 pages, 4149 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Assessing the Effects of Vineyard Soil Management on Downy and Powdery Mildew Development

by Ana Fernandes de Oliveira, Salvatorica Serra, Virna Ligios, Daniela Satta and Giovanni Nieddu

Horticulturae 2021, 7(8), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080209 - 22 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2533

Abstract

Advantages of vineyard cover crops include soil conservation, nutrient and water cycling, and a better growth–yield balance. They naturally promote agro-system biological multifunctionality, soil biocenosis, and biological pest control. However, for the role of cover crops on disease control, there is still a [...] Read more.

Advantages of vineyard cover crops include soil conservation, nutrient and water cycling, and a better growth–yield balance. They naturally promote agro-system biological multifunctionality, soil biocenosis, and biological pest control. However, for the role of cover crops on disease control, there is still a lack of information. We performed a systematic evaluation of the soil management effects on the development of two main pathogens: Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator. Conventional soil tillage was compared to grass and legume cover crops during a three-season trial in the Nurra wine region (Sardinia, Italy). Disease and grapevine development were assessed in relation to the weather, leaf area growth, leaf nitrogen, canopy density, and favorable microclimatic conditions for each disease, to weight their importance on disease susceptibility in each treatment. Higher infection percentages were observed in plots subjected to soil tillage. Disease development was better understood in relation to leaf area, leaf nitrogen, and canopy density. The main role of weather conditions on downy mildew infections was ascertained, yet high canopy sunlight levels reduced disease spread under grass cover. For powdery mildew, leaf nitrogen had a crucial role in disease development under soil tillage, and canopy light and hygrothermal conditions had the most relevant function on disease development in cover-cropped vineyards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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14 pages, 1096 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effects of Water Stress on the Phenolic Compounds of ‘Merlot’ Grapes in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate

by Juan L. Chacón-Vozmediano, Jesús Martínez-Gascueña, Esteban García-Romero, Sergio Gómez-Alonso, Francisco J. García-Navarro and Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta

Horticulturae 2021, 7(7), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070161 - 22 Jun 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2056

Abstract

Of all the abiotic stress types to which plants grown in fields are exposed, the most influential is water stress. It is well accepted that adopting controlled deficit irrigation strategies during the growing season has beneficial effects on the chemical compositions of grapes [...] Read more.

Of all the abiotic stress types to which plants grown in fields are exposed, the most influential is water stress. It is well accepted that adopting controlled deficit irrigation strategies during the growing season has beneficial effects on the chemical compositions of grapes and red wines. However, there is a discrepancy in the timing, intensity and duration of deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in phenolic composition of ‘merlot’ cultivar grapes when subjected to different levels of water stress in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Four treatments with different water stress levels were applied within two phenological intervals (flowering-veraison, veraison-maturity) to 128 grapevines for two consecutive years. The water stress levels for Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 were: no-light, light-moderate, moderate-intense and intense for the flowering-veraison and veraison-maturity intervals, respectively. Water stress distinctly affected the phenolic compounds in skin and seeds. The concentrations of flavan-3-ols and total polyphenols were much higher in seeds than in skin, and in both fractions, tannins are the major compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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11 pages, 1497 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Freezing Tolerance and Chilling Fulfillment Differences in Cold Climate Grape Cultivars

by Turhan Yilmaz, Dilmini Alahakoon and Anne Fennell

Horticulturae 2021, 7(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7010004 - 30 Dec 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3702

Abstract

Grapevine sustainability is impacted by the timing of dormancy initiation and freezing tolerance in fall and winter and chilling fulfillment and bud break in the spring. These traits have genetic and local temperature contributing factors; therefore, this study was undertaken to develop an [...] Read more.

Grapevine sustainability is impacted by the timing of dormancy initiation and freezing tolerance in fall and winter and chilling fulfillment and bud break in the spring. These traits have genetic and local temperature contributing factors; therefore, this study was undertaken to develop an understanding of these characteristics in four recently developed cold climate cultivars. The cold hardiness and chilling fulfillment profiles were monitored in Brianna, Frontenac gris, La Crescent and Marquette using differential thermal analyses and bud break assays. Bud cold hardiness of all cultivars increased with the declining temperatures from November through February, after which the buds began to lose freezing tolerance. There were significant differences in cold hardiness and chilling fulfillment between cultivars during the endodormant and ecodormant period of winter. Marquette had the greatest freezing tolerance from early November through midwinter suggesting it has potential as a sentinel cultivar for comparisons of new cold climate selections. Brianna was slower to acclimate and deacclimated more rapidly than the other cultivars. Chilling fulfillment under natural field or constant 4 °C conditions showed no main effect differences for chilling accumulation condition; however, there were significant cultivar, condition, and time point interactions, indicating the cultivars differed in chilling fulfillment responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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16 pages, 1387 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Water Stress on Vegetative Growth and ‘Merlot’ Grapevine Yield in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate

by Juan L. Chacón-Vozmediano, Jesús Martínez-Gascueña, Francisco J. García-Navarro and Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta

Horticulturae 2020, 6(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040095 - 03 Dec 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3731

Abstract

Water stress is considered to be the most influential type of abiotic stress to which plants may be exposed. In grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), it is a common practice to keep plants under water stress at different stages of the season with [...] Read more.

Water stress is considered to be the most influential type of abiotic stress to which plants may be exposed. In grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), it is a common practice to keep plants under water stress at different stages of the season with the aim of reducing yield and improving the composition of the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar development and yield of ‘Merlot’ grapevines grown in the field when they are subjected to different levels of water stress in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Four treatments with different levels of water stress were applied during two phenological intervals (flowering-veraison and veraison-maturity) to 128 grapevines for a period of two consecutive years. The levels of water stress were none-light, light-moderate, moderate-intense, and intense-intense for the flowering-veraison and veraison-maturity intervals, respectively. The results revealed that the total leaf area, the exposed leaf area, and the yield all decreased as the degree of water stress increased. The weight of the berry was a decisive factor in determining yield. The least restrictive water regime treatment gave the heaviest berries and bunches and, as a result, the highest yields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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19 pages, 3242 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Evaluation of the Crop Water Stress Index as an Indicator for the Diagnosis of Grapevine Water Deficiency in Greenhouses

by Chen Ru, Xiaotao Hu, Wene Wang, Hui Ran, Tianyuan Song and Yinyin Guo

Horticulturae 2020, 6(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040086 - 20 Nov 2020

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 5043

Abstract

Precise irrigation management of grapevines in greenhouses requires a reliable method to easily quantify and monitor the grapevine water status to enable effective manipulation of the water stress of the plants. This study evaluated the applicability of crop water stress index (CWSI) based [...] Read more.

Precise irrigation management of grapevines in greenhouses requires a reliable method to easily quantify and monitor the grapevine water status to enable effective manipulation of the water stress of the plants. This study evaluated the applicability of crop water stress index (CWSI) based on the leaf temperature for diagnosing the grapevine water status. The experiment was conducted at Yuhe Farm (northwest China), with drip-irrigated grapevines under three irrigation treatments. Meteorological factors, soil moisture contents, leaf temperature, growth indicators including canopy coverage and fruit diameter, and physiological indicators including SPAD (relative chlorophyll content), stem water potential (

φ_{s}

), stomatal conductance (g_s), and transpiration rate (E) were studied during the growing season. The results show that the relationship between the leaf-air temperature difference (T_c-T_a) and the plant water status indicators (

φ_{s}

, g_s, E) were significant (P < 0.05), and the relationship between g_s, E and T_c-T_a was the closest, with R² values ranging from 0.530–0.604 and from 0.545–0.623, respectively. CWSI values are more easily observed on sunny days, and it was determined that 14:00 BJS is the best observation time for the CWSI value under different non-water-stressed baselines. There is a reliable linear correlation between the CWSI value and the soil moisture at 0–40 cm (P < 0.05), which could provide a reference when using the CWSI to diagnose the water status of plants. Compared with the T_c-T_a value, the CWSI could more accurately monitor the plant water status, and above the considered indictors, g_s has the greatest correlation with the CWSI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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15 pages, 3293 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota

by Andrej Svyantek, Bülent Köse, John Stenger, Collin Auwarter and Harlene Hatterman-Valenti

Horticulturae 2020, 6(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040075 - 01 Nov 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3038

Abstract

Extreme winter temperatures during the 2018–2019 dormant season contributed to trunk collapse and complete trunk death of numerous genotypes throughout a diverse grapevine planting in eastern North Dakota, USA. Through the early portion of the dormant season, 12 genotypes were screened to identify [...] Read more.

Extreme winter temperatures during the 2018–2019 dormant season contributed to trunk collapse and complete trunk death of numerous genotypes throughout a diverse grapevine planting in eastern North Dakota, USA. Through the early portion of the dormant season, 12 genotypes were screened to identify lethal temperature exotherms of primary buds; from these results, none were anticipated to be fully prepared to survive the −37 °C minimum temperature recorded in the region. Trunk collapse, death, and survival were monitored for 35 replicated genotypes. New trunks were retrained from suckers and monitored for growth following trunk removal. Only five genotypes exceeded 50% trunk survival at the end of the 2019 growing season, ‘Valiant’, ‘King of the North’, ‘John Viola’, ‘Baltica’, and ‘Bluebell’. Following re-establishment, ‘La Crescent’ was the most vigorous genotype with the largest sucker circumference, sucker length, and internode length. Nearly all genotypes evaluated produced suckers with lengths approaching the high-wire trellis height (1.8 m), designating their potential for cordon retraining in 2020. Cumulatively, however, the lethal temperature exotherm results and the trunk survival examination indicate a harrowing need for investigation of new management practices (such as protected training systems) and the generation of new cold-hardy genotypes to enhance productivity under standard unprotected systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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7 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Heat Tolerance in Chinese Wildgrape Germplasm Resources

by Yongxiang Liu, Jianfu Jiang, Xiucai Fan, Ying Zhang, Jiuyun Wu, Lijun Wang and Chonghuai Liu

Horticulturae 2020, 6(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040068 - 19 Oct 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1964

Abstract

Global climate warming will significantly impact grapevine growth and development, and thus grape and wine industries worldwide. Heat-tolerant germplasms are very valuable for grapevine breeding programs. In this study, we assessed the thermotolerance of 247 wild grape accessions by chlorophyll fluorescence parameter ( [...] Read more.

Global climate warming will significantly impact grapevine growth and development, and thus grape and wine industries worldwide. Heat-tolerant germplasms are very valuable for grapevine breeding programs. In this study, we assessed the thermotolerance of 247 wild grape accessions by chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (F_v/F_m) under critical high temperature according to Xu et al. in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The results showed that 36 grape accessions showed strong heat tolerance. Therefore, these accessions can be used as parents for breeding heat-tolerant grape cultivars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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16 pages, 2656 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Utilizing Pruning and Leaf Removal to Optimize Ripening of Vitis riparia-Based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ Wine Grapes in the Northern Great Plains

by Andrew Aipperspach, James Hammond and Harlene Hatterman-Valenti

Horticulturae 2020, 6(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010018 - 11 Mar 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3688

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three pruning levels (20, 30 and 40 nodes per vine) and three fruit-zone leaf removal levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on the yield and fruit quality of Frontenac gris and Marquette wine grapes in a [...] Read more.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three pruning levels (20, 30 and 40 nodes per vine) and three fruit-zone leaf removal levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on the yield and fruit quality of Frontenac gris and Marquette wine grapes in a northern production region. The study was conducted at three North Dakota vineyards located near Buffalo, Clifford, and Wahpeton, North Dakota, in 2011 and 2012. Increasing the number of buds retained increased yields and reduced pruning weights in both cultivars. Frontenac gris and Marquette yields were greatest when vines had 50% of the fruit-zone leaves removed due to heavier clusters, suggesting that the 100% fruit-zone leaf removal level was too severe. Individual berries in clusters were also heavier when vines were pruned to retain 40 buds. Frontenac gris fruit quality was similar both years and was not influenced by pruning or leaf removal levels. Marquette fruit total soluble solids content was greater in 2012 due to the warmer and longer growing season. Marquette fruit titratable acidity was lower when 100% of the fruit-zone leaves were removed. These results suggest that for the two cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes used in this study, greater bud retention levels should be investigated. Results also warrant further research into cultivar adaptiveness to northern Great Plains conditions. With further research, it is anticipated that wine grape cultivars and management practices will be identified to produce acceptable yields and fruit quality for commercial wine grape production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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19 pages, 1554 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effects of Vine Water Status and Exogenous Abscisic Acid on Berry Composition of Three Red Wine Grapes Grown under Mediterranean Climate

by Massimiliano Cocco, Luca Mercenaro, Mauro Lo Cascio and Giovanni Nieddu

Horticulturae 2020, 6(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010012 - 07 Feb 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3068

Abstract

Beyond climatic conditions, qualitative performance is led by the intrinsic characteristics of the genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vine water status and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on berry composition of the cultivars Cannonau, Merlot and [...] Read more.

Beyond climatic conditions, qualitative performance is led by the intrinsic characteristics of the genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vine water status and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on berry composition of the cultivars Cannonau, Merlot and Sangiovese. The experiment, carried out in 2016 and 2017, consisted of comparing two levels of irrigation treatments, full irrigation versus a non-irrigation treatment. Within each treatment, two sub-treatments were set up: (i) 4 mL L⁻¹ of exogenous ABA applied at veraison to clusters only and subsequently repeated after six days; (ii) a control (untreated vines). The application of different irrigation regimes confirmed that the response to water stress is highly cultivar-dependent. Berry composition was influenced differently among cultivars by water stress. In terms of metabolites, positive influences were observed with Cannonau. No significant effects were observed by spraying exogenous ABA directly on grapes. Moreover, no significant interactions were found between the application of water stress and ABA. Exogenous ABA application did not appear to be a viticultural practice capable of influencing must composition in environments characterized by severe environmental conditions such as heat and drought. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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11 pages, 1020 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Phenology and Yield of the Hybrid Seedless Grape ‘BRS Melodia’ Grown in an Annual Double Cropping System in a Subtropical Area

by Renata Koyama, Wellington Fernando Silva Borges, Ronan Carlos Colombo, Ibrar Hussain, Reginaldo Teodoro de Souza and Sergio Ruffo Roberto

Horticulturae 2020, 6(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010003 - 06 Jan 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3730

Abstract

The development and evaluation of new cultivars of seedless grapes (Vitis spp.) with good yield and adapted to different edaphoclimatic conditions are essential to increase the competitiveness of the productive system. The present work had the objective to characterize the phenology and [...] Read more.

The development and evaluation of new cultivars of seedless grapes (Vitis spp.) with good yield and adapted to different edaphoclimatic conditions are essential to increase the competitiveness of the productive system. The present work had the objective to characterize the phenology and the yield of the new hybrid seedless grape ‘BRS Melodia’, grown in an annual double cropping system in a subtropical region. The evaluations were carried out during the 2013 summer cropping period and the 2014 off-season cropping period in a commercial area located in Marialva, PR, Brazil. The ‘BRS Melodia’ scions were grafted onto ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ rootstocks, trained in an overhead trellis system spaced at 2.5 × 2.5 m. In both seasons, the duration in days of the main phenological phases of the vines, as well as their thermal demand and their physicochemical and productive characteristics were evaluated. The ‘BRS Melodia’ seedless grapevines presented a cycle of 138 days and yield of 23.85 tons.ha⁻¹ in the summer season, and 121 days and yield of 19.4 tons.ha⁻¹ in the off-season crop. The soluble solids, titratable acidity, and maturation index were 15.1 °Brix, 0.5% tartaric acid and 28.5, respectively, in the summer season and 15.4 °Brix, 0.6% tartaric acid and 25.6 in the off-season crop, indicating a possibility of cultivate this new hybrid seedless grape under an annual double cropping system in subtropical conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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7 pages, 1268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulated Abiotic Injury Alters Yields of Southern Interspecific Hybrid Grape Cultivars

by Eric T. Stafne and Becky L. Carroll

Horticulturae 2019, 5(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5020044 - 03 Jun 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3463

Abstract

Climate change, including more volatile weather and longer growing seasons, is causing stress on grapevines (Vitis spp.). A change in harvest timing of wine grapes can have significant consequences. Thus, two methods (crop forcing and complete removal of green tissue) were employed [...] Read more.

Climate change, including more volatile weather and longer growing seasons, is causing stress on grapevines (Vitis spp.). A change in harvest timing of wine grapes can have significant consequences. Thus, two methods (crop forcing and complete removal of green tissue) were employed to simulate abiotic vine injury. The harvest of bunch grapes in Mississippi occurs during July, a very hot month. ‘Miss Blanc’ and ‘Villard Blanc’ had four different crop forcing treatments imposed to determine yield amount and harvest timing. All treatments reduced yield. Harvest was delayed by 50 days, a potentially positive shift that was not enough to escape high temperatures. ‘Villard Blanc’ had no flower or fruit development after crop forcing treatments in May and June. ‘Miss Blanc’ yields were also significantly reduced by these treatments. Removal of green tissue to simulate injury from weather events such as frost, freeze, wind, or hail in both Mississippi and Oklahoma revealed that lost growth could reduce yields from 19% to 81%, which could influence grape grower management decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grape Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses)

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