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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation
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Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Viticulture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2022) | Viewed by 9293

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Qiuhong Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: accumulation and regulation of aroma and flavonoid compounds in grape berries; changes and sensory contribution of aroma profiles during wine making
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiangyi Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: metabolism of aroma components in fruits
Dr. Keji Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoid compounds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Berry crops include (but are not limited to) the genera Vitis (grapes, Vitaceae), Fragaria (strawberry, Rosaceae), Ribes (currant and gooseberry, Grossulariaceae), Rubus (brambles such as raspberry and blackberry, Rosaceae), and Vaccinium (blueberry, cranberry, and lingonberry, Ericaceae). Berries are rich in sugars, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins, and aroma compounds. These primary and secondary metabolites are greatly affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Our understanding of how internal or external factors modulate the secondary metabolism and thus berry quality is of crucial importance for breeders and growers to develop plant material and viticultural practices to maintain high-quality berry and wine production. Particularly in the context of global warming, berry crop growth, maturation and flavor quality all have been affected significantly. The application of multi-omics integration approaches has promoted the rapid development of plant stress physiology, and provided opportunities to elucidate the mechanism underlying the formation and regulation of quality traits in berry crops. For this Special Issue, we welcome any original research or review articles that highlight recent advances in different disciplines related to berry crop flavoromics, secondary metabolism and regulation.

Prof. Dr. Qiuhong Pan
Dr. Xiangyi Li
Dr. Keji Yu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • berry crops viticulture
  • fruit quality
  • wine production
  • flavoromics
  • secondary metabolism

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5538 KiB  
Article
Widely Targeted Metabolomics Provides New Insights into the Flavonoid Metabolism in ‘Kyoho’ Grapes under a Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation System
by Guo Cheng, Sihong Zhou, Jinbiao Liu, Qiyan Feng, Rongfu Wei, Huan Yu, Bo Wang, Ying Zhang and Xianjin Bai
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020154 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1477
Abstract
The establishment and application of a two-crop-a-year cultivation system depends on the particularity of climatic conditions in subtropical regions. The different temperature, light, and water conditions throughout the growing season of summer and winter grapes are the fundamental reasons for differences in primary [...] Read more.
The establishment and application of a two-crop-a-year cultivation system depends on the particularity of climatic conditions in subtropical regions. The different temperature, light, and water conditions throughout the growing season of summer and winter grapes are the fundamental reasons for differences in primary and secondary metabolites. We performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS)-based metabolomics on ‘Kyoho’ grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system. In total, 1062 metabolites were identified and classified into 10 different categories, while flavonoids were the largest group, with 285 metabolites. Moreover, 876 metabolites were different among the four developmental stages, and 551 were different between the summer and winter grapes during the same growth period. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clearly distinguished developmental and growth-season differences based on the detected metabolites. Of note, flavonoids were the most important compounds responsible for the differences in berry composition during the growth and developmental seasons. The content of most flavonoids was higher in the winter grapes, but some were also found at higher levels in summer grapes, such as kaempferol-4′-O-glucoside, leucocyanidin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucosylglucoside. Additionally, myricetin-3-O-arabinoside was consistently higher in winter grapes than in summer grapes during all four developmental stages. The extreme high temperature and higher relative humidity were important reasons for the lower flavonoid content in the summer grapes than in the winter grapes. Moreover, the stronger light intensity in the early development of the winter grapes had a positive effect on the accumulation of flavonoids, especially flavonols and flavan-3-ols. This study provides new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids in grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system and explores the climatic causes of the differences in the metabolites in the two crops of grapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation)
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14 pages, 1630 KiB  
Article
Dissecting Seed Proanthocyandin Composition and Accumulation under Different Berry Ripening Process in Wine Grapes
by Aoyi Liu, Jingjing Wang, Xuechen Yao, Nongyu Xia, Qi Sun, Changqing Duan and Qiuhong Pan
Horticulturae 2023, 9(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010061 - 04 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Grape berry proanthocyandin (PA) mainly exists in the skin and seeds. Its content and composition determine the intensity of bitterness and astringency. Affected by global warming, the world’s wine-producing regions, in particular in dry-hot regions such as western China, are facing the problem [...] Read more.
Grape berry proanthocyandin (PA) mainly exists in the skin and seeds. Its content and composition determine the intensity of bitterness and astringency. Affected by global warming, the world’s wine-producing regions, in particular in dry-hot regions such as western China, are facing the problem of unsynchronized berry ripening and seed ripening. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the influence of berry ripening progression on the composition and accumulation of seed PA, ultimately providing strategies for grape harvest decisions. In this paper, Vitis vinfera L. cv. Cabernet sauvignon and Marselan grapes from four sub-regions with different maturation processes were used as experimental materials to study the changes of soluble and insoluble PA contents as well as differences in their composition and mean degree of polymers (mDP) in seeds. The results showed that compared with ‘Cabernet sauvignon’ seeds, the mDP of soluble and insoluble PA were higher in ‘Marselan’ seeds. Both varieties showed that the grape berry, with the fastest sugar accumulation, had relatively high soluble PA content in seeds and a high content of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin in the seed PA composition units. In contrast, the ‘Cabernet sauvignon’ grapes from the YQ vineyard exhibited the slowest sugar accumulation speed among the four studied vineyards, and their seed PA had the highest mDP and the lowest proportion of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the composition units when commercially harvested. According to the results, it is suggested that a faster maturation process would bring about higher levels of bitterness composition, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in seed PA, which is not conducive to the formation of good-tasting tannins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation)
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27 pages, 3814 KiB  
Article
Volatile Profiles of Vidal Grapes in the Shangri-La High-Altitude Region during On-Vine Non-Destructive Dehydration
by Qing-Fang Xu, Liang Fan, Kai-Xiang Lu, Dong-Mei Zhao, Ming-Xia Zhang and Jian Cai
Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111029 - 03 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1337
Abstract
Both free and glycosidically bound forms of volatile compounds in Vidal grapes from the Shangri-La high-altitude region during the on-vine non-destructive dehydration process were investigated by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), following which the data were processed by [...] Read more.
Both free and glycosidically bound forms of volatile compounds in Vidal grapes from the Shangri-La high-altitude region during the on-vine non-destructive dehydration process were investigated by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), following which the data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis. Fatty-acid-derived volatiles (FADs), amino-acid-derived volatiles (AADs), and isoprene-derived volatiles (IPDs), which occurred mainly in bound forms, were the three major volatiles in dehydrated Vidal grapes. Water-loss concentration, biosynthesis, and biodegradation all occurred during dehydration, eventually modifying some volatiles significantly, especially some powerful odorants such as hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 2-phenethyl acetate, β-myrcene, linalool, geraniol, cis-rose oxide, and β-damascenone. 1-Octen-3-ol was relatively stable during the non-destructive on-vine dehydration process and its content in grape juice was mainly determined by the concentration effect. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2-phenethyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and hexanol were screened as some of the most important metabolic markers to discriminate grapes at different dehydration degrees. Our study also highlights the fundamental importance of the expression of volatile content in the metabolomic study of grape berries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation)
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19 pages, 3323 KiB  
Article
A One-Step Polyphenol Removal Approach for Detection of Multiple Phytohormones from Grape Berry
by Xuechen Yao, Nongyu Xia, Xiao Meng, Changqing Duan and Qiuhong Pan
Horticulturae 2022, 8(6), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060548 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2063
Abstract
Phytohormones play an important role in regulating the maturation process and the quality-related metabolite accumulation of fruits, and their concentration variation has always been concerned during fruit development. However, berry fruits, such as grape berries, are rich in a large number of secondary [...] Read more.
Phytohormones play an important role in regulating the maturation process and the quality-related metabolite accumulation of fruits, and their concentration variation has always been concerned during fruit development. However, berry fruits, such as grape berries, are rich in a large number of secondary metabolites, which brings great challenges to the isolation and determination of hormones. In this work, we used grapes as experimental materials and proposed a solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol to efficiently isolate multiple hormones from phenol-rich matrix using a mixture of dichloromethane, methanol and formic acid as eluent. A highly sensitive method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify a total of 11 plant growth regulators, including the recognized phytohormones, in grape pericarp and seed. The established method showed satisfactory precision (RSD < 11.3%) and linearity (R2 > 0.9980). The limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.001–0.75 ng/mL and 0.004–2.5 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery for the three levels of analytes spiked ranged from 63% to 118%, and the matrix effect was between 73% and 119%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to investigate the dynamic hormone concentration in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon berries from different vineyards, and assess the changes in endogenous hormones in grapes after treatment with exogenous growth regulators. We found that the contents of IP, ABA and IAA in pericarp and IP, IAA, IBA and SA in seed were significantly down-regulated after 10 days of treatment with NAA concentrations of 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L. In conclusion, this method helps to elucidate the role played by phytohormones in the maturation process and the accumulation of quality-related metabolites in phenol-rich fruits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation)
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21 pages, 10698 KiB  
Article
Effect of Covering Crops between Rows on the Vineyard Microclimate, Berry Composition and Wine Sensory Attributes of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) Grapes in a Semi-Arid Climate of Northwest China
by Jing Peng, Wei Wei, Hao-Cheng Lu, Wu Chen, Shu-De Li, Jun Wang, Chang-Qing Duan and Fei He
Horticulturae 2022, 8(6), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060518 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1899
Abstract
Covering crops was a commonly used viticultural technique to adjust the vineyard microclimate, thus affecting the grape and wine quality. In this two-year study, the purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) was used to cover the lands between rows in the vineyards located in [...] Read more.
Covering crops was a commonly used viticultural technique to adjust the vineyard microclimate, thus affecting the grape and wine quality. In this two-year study, the purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) was used to cover the lands between rows in the vineyards located in the semi-arid Northwest China, Xinjiang. Results showed that the photosynthetically active radiation around the fruit zone and the temperature with the purslane covering treatment decreased. Compared with the clean tillage, covering purslane had lower TSS and higher TA in the grape berries, while lower alcohol content and higher TA was also found in their corresponding wines. Covering purslane treatment significantly increased the contents of anthocyanin and flavonol in the grapes and wines in the year 2018, but no significant effect on flavanols was observed in the wines. Norisoprenoids, esters, and C6 alcohols in the grapes and wines were increased in the purslane covering treatment, respectively. Additionally, compared to the clean tillage, the purslane covering treatment significantly improved the sensory value of the wines, especially the floral aroma and the complexity of the wines. This study helped us to better understand the feasibility of applying covering purslane in viticulture in the semi-arid climate of Northwest China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Berry Crop Flavoromics, Secondary Metabolism and Regulation)
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