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Heritage
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Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a...
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Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity

A special issue of Heritage (ISSN 2571-9408).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 November 2018) | Viewed by 23798

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppina Padeletti

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Guest Editor
Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials – National Council of Research (ISMN-CNR), Area della Ricerca Roma1, via Salaria km 29.5, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Interests: cultural heritage; ceramics; glasses; lusters; mortars; pigments; oxides; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; synchrotron radiation; X-ray photo electron spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; atomic force microscopy; built heritage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. João Pedro Veiga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Conservation and Restoration & CENIMAT/i3N, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: cultural heritage; mining heritage; mineralogy; crystallography; crystal chemistry; ceramics; glasses; mortars; rock weathering; synchrotron radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anne Bouquillon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF) UMR 171, Paris, France
Interests: material characterization; X-ray diffraction; SEM analysis; ceramics; surface analysis; EDS; ion beam analysis; chemical weathering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Heritage encourages the submission of contributions presented at the E-MRS 2018 Spring Meeting Symposium on Cultural Heritage (CH), held in Strasbourg, France, 18-21 June, 2018.

The Symposium dealt with tangible and intangible, natural and manmade, movable and immovable assets inherited from the past. Access, preservation and education on CH are essential for humankind evolution representing an irreplaceable source of life, inspiration and unity. There is a need for further studies and research to better understand the dynamic relationship between heritage conservation and the various dimensions it involves, from Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Economical Sciences and Digital Sciences to the use of advanced and large-scale research infrastructures, as well as implications of sustainable development, with particular attention on the effect of natural hazards and climate change on CH.

This Special Issue of Heritage intends to be a common ground where challenges and solutions in the knowledge of arts, archaeology and ancient technology can be answered by the application of methodologies, techniques and solutions generally used in Materials Science and other related fields in Cultural Heritage studies. This Special Issue will stimulate and encourage scientific research devoted to the sustainable development of CH and to the positive contribution of cultural heritage management towards a sustainable environment, by promoting innovative research and practices and improving the compatibility of current materials and methods and the development and application of emerging solutions.

Contributions are welcome to provide a multidisciplinary forum for cutting-edge scientific and technological issues in art, archaeology and all cultural heritage concerns and perspectives involving the large and varied community of international experts.

Topics (not exhaustive) to be covered include:

  • Sustainable solutions—materials and methodologies
  • Multi-scale imaging and observation
  • Modelling and theoretical approaches
  • Ecological sustainability
  • Dating and authentication
  • Climate change
  • Case Studies
  • Social impact
  • Tourism and economy

Prof. Dr. João Pedro Veiga
Dr. Giuseppina Padeletti
Dr. Anne Bouquillon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Heritage is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 13730 KiB  
Article
Studies on the Wooden Box Containing the “Marco Polo” Bible
by Francesco Augelli
Heritage 2019, 2(1), 452-466; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010031 - 30 Jan 2019
Viewed by 3188
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the results of research undertaken on a wooden box that holds an important historical book: a hand Bible handwritten in the thirteenth century. Tradition connects this Bible to the name of Marco Polo (Venice, 1254–1324), [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to present the results of research undertaken on a wooden box that holds an important historical book: a hand Bible handwritten in the thirteenth century. Tradition connects this Bible to the name of Marco Polo (Venice, 1254–1324), who was supposedly the owner—the book possibly accompanied him on his travels (1262 and 1271) to China. The Bible is of fine workmanship and written on thin parchment, and its container—along with a yellow silk cloth—are preserved in the ancient and prestigious Laurentian Library in Florence. The manuscript was in very poor condition and was being restored during the period of study (2011). Surveys were carried out to determine the place and period of manufacture of the box, and to determine if it was contemporary to or later than the manuscript it contained or whether it was made in China or Europe. An additional aim of the work was to demonstrate that a fast and inexpensive in situ survey under imperfect time and space conditions was possible using in-depth observation and simple tools as well as a portable microscope, all performed without sampling. During the restoration process, a team of experts used instruments helpful in determining the chemical composition of the paper and related ink. Other specialists studied the paleography of the text. The results indicate that the Bible is definitely from the same period as Marco Polo. Nothing excludes the possibility that Marco Polo may have seen it or lived not too far from this manuscript, which traveled in a small wooden box, wrapped in a precious yellow silk cloth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity)
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14 pages, 675 KiB  
Article
Archaeologists, Treasure Hunters and Collectors: Heritage in the Spotlight
by Virginia M. Salerno, Natalia Mazzia, María Isabel González and Cecilia Pérez de Micou
Heritage 2019, 2(1), 135-148; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010010 - 09 Jan 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3540
Abstract
This paper inquiries into different aspects involved in gathering archaeological materials practices in the contemporary world. Archaeological objects comprise an intricate network of interests such as social, academic, scientific, touristic, historical, territorial, and economic, among others. It is based on those interests that [...] Read more.
This paper inquiries into different aspects involved in gathering archaeological materials practices in the contemporary world. Archaeological objects comprise an intricate network of interests such as social, academic, scientific, touristic, historical, territorial, and economic, among others. It is based on those interests that the objects are appropriated and re-signified depending on specific contexts. We introduce two Argentinean cases in order to look into the relations between people and collected objects, and how those relations intertwine with social and political issues. Founded on these cases, we assess the need to create a broad-encompassing framework to study the collecting practices and the great diversity of actors involved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity)
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11 pages, 10472 KiB  
Article
The Case Study of the Medieval Town Walls of Gubbio in Italy: First Results on the Characterization of Mortars and Binders
by Fernanda Carvalho, Andreia Lopes, Antonella Curulli, Teresa Pereira Da Silva, Maria Margarida R. A. Lima, Giampiero Montesperelli, Sara Ronca, Giuseppina Padeletti and João Pedro Veiga
Heritage 2018, 1(2), 468-478; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage1020031 - 08 Dec 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2780
Abstract
Good conservation and restoration practices of cultural heritage assets rely on the knowledge of original materials. In the framework of the HERACLES Project (HERACLES—HEritage Resilience Against CLimate Events on Site, H2020 Grant Agreement 700395), dealing with the effects of climatic actions and natural [...] Read more.
Good conservation and restoration practices of cultural heritage assets rely on the knowledge of original materials. In the framework of the HERACLES Project (HERACLES—HEritage Resilience Against CLimate Events on Site, H2020 Grant Agreement 700395), dealing with the effects of climatic actions and natural hazards on built heritage, a set of important heritage sites are currently under study to improve their resilience against climate events. Among these are the medieval Gubbio Town Walls in Italy. The present work focuses on the mortars and binders of this monument and collected samples related to different parts of the Walls, corresponding to various historical periods of construction and interventions. They were characterized to determine their minerochemical composition, thermal behavior, and morphology. For that purpose, ex-situ laboratory techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), optical microscopy (OM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (TG-DTA) were used to discern trends in different sampling areas due to construction/reconstruction periods and building techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity)
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15 pages, 3775 KiB  
Article
European Silver Sources from the 15th to the 17th Century: The Influx of “New World” Silver in Portuguese Currency
by Rui Borges, R. J. C. Silva, Luís C. Alves, M. F. Araújo, António Candeias, Victoria Corregidor and João Vieira
Heritage 2018, 1(2), 453-467; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage1020030 - 07 Dec 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5106
Abstract
The circulation trading routes and the characterization of the silver metal used in the European continent in the 15–17th centuries are historical issues that are still open. This study aimed to bring an insight into the silver processed within a chronological framework in [...] Read more.
The circulation trading routes and the characterization of the silver metal used in the European continent in the 15–17th centuries are historical issues that are still open. This study aimed to bring an insight into the silver processed within a chronological framework in the Portuguese territory, relating the analytical data with the known historical information. This investigation developed on 230 high silver coins from two important Portuguese coin collections was based mainly on surface particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, complemented with a few energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analyses. The silver processed in different timelines was discriminated based on the variation of the impurity contents, namely Au and Bi. European silver with high Au and Hg and low Pb and Bi contents supplied the 15th century chronologies, being replaced at the dawn of the 16th century by a new metal entering the Portuguese capital. This new metal, with low Au and high Bi contents, was probably derived from European argentiferous copper ores. By the end of the 1500s, the Philippine chronologies reveal the newly discovered Potosí silver, identified for the first time based on PIXE minor and trace element surface contents, distinguishable from the European silver in use until 1578 in the Portuguese territory, by Au contents <100 ppm and very low Bi contents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity)
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15 pages, 5896 KiB  
Article
Introducing the HERACLES Ontology—Semantics for Cultural Heritage Management
by Tobias Hellmund, Philipp Hertweck, Désirée Hilbring, Jürgen Mossgraber, George Alexandrakis, Paraskevi Pouli, Amalia Siatou and Giuseppina Padeletti
Heritage 2018, 1(2), 377-391; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage1020026 - 22 Nov 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4083
Abstract
Cultural Heritage (CH) (In the context of this paper, we consider cultural heritage built tangible cultural heritage, such as buildings or monuments.) is an important source of identity for humankind and needs to be conserved for future generations. Climate change (CC) will morph [...] Read more.
Cultural Heritage (CH) (In the context of this paper, we consider cultural heritage built tangible cultural heritage, such as buildings or monuments.) is an important source of identity for humankind and needs to be conserved for future generations. Climate change (CC) will morph the environmental landscape, thus leading to climate stress imposed on CH. Experts from different domains, including, but not limited to, material scientists, conservators and managers of cultural heritage collaborate to find out how CC affects CH and how potentially harmful impacts can be mitigated. To find and understand correlations and effects of different factors, researchers collect and analyse vast amounts of data. Still, experts often cannot exchange or make efficient use of data since it often is unstructured, incompatible, or its plain existence is simply unknown. This article introduces means to achieve consent about available knowledge, to exploit synergy effects through the combination of available information and to provide a flexible multisource information platform in collaborative cultural heritage management projects. In the context of the European project HERACLES (HERACLES—HEritage Resilience Against CLimate Events on Site. Further information: http://www.heracles-project.eu/), an application-ontology was developed. The ontology facilitates reuse and integration of data through structuring and representing its semantics. The involvement in the HERACLES project guaranteed end-user driven development, practical results and encompassment of all domains represented in the project. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity)
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12 pages, 2789 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Environment in the Alteration of the Stained-Glass Windows in Portuguese Monuments
by Teresa Palomar, Pedro Redol, Isabel Cruz Almeida, Eduardo Pereira da Silva and Marcia Vilarigues
Heritage 2018, 1(2), 365-376; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage1020025 - 19 Nov 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4280
Abstract
This work presents the results of the exposure of soda-lime, potash-lime and mixed-alkali silicate glasses during ten and twenty months in different Portuguese monuments with historical stained-glass windows to characterize the influence of local environmental conditions. The glass samples were exposed in the [...] Read more.
This work presents the results of the exposure of soda-lime, potash-lime and mixed-alkali silicate glasses during ten and twenty months in different Portuguese monuments with historical stained-glass windows to characterize the influence of local environmental conditions. The glass samples were exposed in the Monastery of Batalha (Batalha), the Monastery of Jerónimos (Lisbon), and the Cathedral of Évora (Évora). A set of analytical techniques to assess the physicochemical effects were used, including optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All the samples presented crystalline deposits on their surface; however, their quantity and nature depended on the atmospheric conditions during the days before the collection. Potash-lime silicate glass was the most altered glass in comparison with soda-lime and mixed-alkali silicate glasses. The samples from the Cathedral of Évora showed a high content of dust and salts on their surface but without severe chemical pathologies; however, those samples exposed in the Monastery of Jerónimos and the Monastery of Batalha presented alteration layers due to a high humidity environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Heritage - Materials, Techniques and Knowledge Perspectives on a Common Identity)
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