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Entropy
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Ultracold Gases and Thermodynamics
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Ultracold Gases and Thermodynamics

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 5390

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Víctor Romero-Rochín

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Physics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Interests: density correlations; BEC-BCS crossover; global thermodynamics; topological defects in BEC condensates; fundamentals of thermodynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on ultracold gases has become a mature field of study due the broad range of phenomena that the research can address. Pristine macroscopic quantum systems, formed by atoms or molecules of Fermi or Bose character, can be experimentally tailored to describe a wide range of many-body and condensed-matter problems such as many-body localization, transport in Moire patterns, enquiring into the origin of high-Tc superconductivity, van der Waals molecular structures, quantum droplets, topological phases, dipolar interactions, Rydberg atoms, quantum anomalies, quantum turbulence, and the full elucidation of the transition to superfluidity and the determination of the supersolid phase, to mention a few.

Those and many other fascinating physical problems must certainly be accompanied by the development and adaptation of many-body and thermodynamic theoretical tools, within traditional statistical physics and field theoretical calculations, mean-field theory and beyond, and with modern and powerful numerical techniques, such as quantum Monte Carlo and density matrix renormalization group.

The above-mentioned fundamental challenges are certainly the subject of thermodynamics in the widest sense of the word. Ultracold gases have achieved the goal of unifying a variety of originally different disciplines in physics, yielding a rich melting pot of ideas and techniques that will certainly help to achieve a deeper knowledge of matter at its lowest temperatures.

This Special Issue has the purpose of assembling the knowledge and expertise that have led us to this point, and hopefully to ease the way for further discussion and advancement in our knowledge of the exciting field of ultracold gases.

Dr. Víctor Romero-Rochín
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bose–Einstein condensation
  • BEC-BCS crossover
  • optical lattices
  • superfluidity
  • quantum simulators
  • quantum phase transitions
  • topological phases

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 492 KiB  
Article
Carnot Cycles in a Harmonically Confined Ultracold Gas across Bose–Einstein Condensation
by Ignacio Reyes-Ayala, Marcos Miotti, Michal Hemmerling, Romain Dubessy, Hélène Perrin, Victor Romero-Rochin and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
Entropy 2023, 25(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020311 - 08 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1636
Abstract
Carnot cycles of samples of harmonically confined ultracold 87Rb fluids, near and across Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), are analyzed. This is achieved through the experimental determination of the corresponding equation of state in terms of the appropriate global thermodynamics for non-uniform confined fluids. [...] Read more.
Carnot cycles of samples of harmonically confined ultracold 87Rb fluids, near and across Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), are analyzed. This is achieved through the experimental determination of the corresponding equation of state in terms of the appropriate global thermodynamics for non-uniform confined fluids. We focus our attention on the efficiency of the Carnot engine when the cycle occurs for temperatures either above or below the critical temperature and when BEC is crossed during the cycle. The measurement of the cycle efficiency reveals a perfect agreement with the theoretical prediction (1−TL/TH), with TH and TL serving as the temperatures of the hot and cold heat exchange reservoirs. Other cycles are also considered for comparison. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultracold Gases and Thermodynamics)
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13 pages, 5420 KiB  
Article
Localization in Two-Dimensional Quasicrystalline Lattices
by Luis Antonio González-García, Héctor Alva-Sánchez and Rosario Paredes
Entropy 2022, 24(11), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111628 - 10 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1482
Abstract
We investigate the emergence of localization in a weakly interacting Bose gas confined in quasicrystalline lattices with three different rotational symmetries: five, eight, and twelve. The analysis, performed at a mean field level and from which localization is detected, relies on the study [...] Read more.
We investigate the emergence of localization in a weakly interacting Bose gas confined in quasicrystalline lattices with three different rotational symmetries: five, eight, and twelve. The analysis, performed at a mean field level and from which localization is detected, relies on the study of two observables: the inverse participation ratio (IPR) and the Shannon entropy in the coordinate space. Those physical quantities were determined from a robust statistical study for the stationary density profiles of the interacting condensate. Localization was identified for each lattice type as a function of the potential depth. Our analysis revealed a range of the potential depths for which the condensate density becomes localized, from partially at random lattice sites to fully in a single site. We found that localization in the case of five-fold rotational symmetry appears for (6ER,9ER), while it occurs in the interval (12ER,15ER) for octagonal and dodecagonal symmetries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultracold Gases and Thermodynamics)
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12 pages, 626 KiB  
Article
H-Theorem in an Isolated Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
by Che-Hsiu Hsueh, Chi-Ho Cheng, Tzyy-Leng Horng and Wen-Chin Wu
Entropy 2022, 24(8), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24081163 - 20 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1796
Abstract
We consider the H-theorem in an isolated quantum harmonic oscillator through the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The effect of potential in producing entropy is investigated in detail, and we found that including a barrier potential into a harmonic trap would lead to the thermalization [...] Read more.
We consider the H-theorem in an isolated quantum harmonic oscillator through the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The effect of potential in producing entropy is investigated in detail, and we found that including a barrier potential into a harmonic trap would lead to the thermalization of the system, while a harmonic trap alone would not thermalize the system. During thermalization, Shannon entropy increases, which shows that a microscopic quantum system still obeys the macroscopic thermodynamics law. Meanwhile, initial coherent mechanical energy transforms to incoherent thermal energy during thermalization, which exhibiting the decoherence of an oscillating wave packet featured by a large decreasing of autocorrelation length. When reaching thermal equilibrium, the wave packet comes to a halt, with the density distributions both in position and momentum spaces well-fitted by a microcanonical ensemble of statistical mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultracold Gases and Thermodynamics)
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