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Waste-to-Energy Processes Using Supercritical Fluids
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Waste-to-Energy Processes Using Supercritical Fluids

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2022) | Viewed by 6872

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Francisco Javier Gutiérrez Ortiz

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
Interests: chemical and energy process engineering; supercritical water; adsorption; biofuels; modeling and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The properties of a number of fluids change under supercritical conditions intensely so they can be used as solvents, reactants and catalysts for different waste-to-energy processes involving separations, pre-treatments and reactions of diverse types of waste leading to produce several ways of energy, including fuels.

Fossil resources can be increasingly replaced by renewable resources like waste biomass as sustainable feedstock that can be valorized to energy by processes involving different biofuels production or even energy recovery through power cycles, fuel cells, etc .

Aimed at developing innovative waste biomass conversion processes based on the use of supercritical fluids, this Special Issue has been conceived as a collection of studies on state-of-the-art techniques and expertise for producing energy and fuels. Discussion on topics such as recent advances, modelling, assessment, design or promising prospect of new technological proposals to be used in a waste-to-energy process are also encouraged.

Experts or professionals will be sincerely invited to contribute individual manuscript for this SI by submitting a review/research paper. Potential topics of interest for this SI are related, but not limited, to the keywords below.

Prof. Dr. Francisco Javier Gutiérrez Ortiz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Waste biomass
  • Municipal waste
  • Organic waste
  • Waste valorization
  • Pyrolysis oil treatment
  • Supercritical Alcohol
  • Supercritical Water
  • Supercritical CO2
  • Biodiesel production
  • Biofuel production
  • Syngas production
  • Hydrogen production
  • Power cycles
  • Fuel cells
  • Life cycle assessment
  • Thermodynamics
  • Kinetics
  • Process modelling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3466 KiB  
Article
Implications on Feedstock Processing and Safety Issues for Semi-Batch Operations in Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass
by Cataldo De Blasio, Gabriel Salierno and Andrea Magnano
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2863; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102863 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2307
Abstract
Biomass with a large amount of moisture is well-suited to be processed by supercritical water gasification, SCWG. The precipitation of inorganics, together with char formation and re-polymerization, can cause reactor plugging and stop the process operations. When plugging occurs, sudden injections of relatively [...] Read more.
Biomass with a large amount of moisture is well-suited to be processed by supercritical water gasification, SCWG. The precipitation of inorganics, together with char formation and re-polymerization, can cause reactor plugging and stop the process operations. When plugging occurs, sudden injections of relatively large mass quantities take place, influencing the mass flow dynamics significantly in the process. Reactor plugging is a phenomenon very well observed during SCWG of industrial feedstock, which hinders scale-up initiatives, and it is seldom studied with precision in the literature. The present study provides an accurate evaluation of continuous tubular reactor dynamics in the event of sudden injections of water. An interpretation of the results regarding water properties at supercritical conditions contributes to comprehending mass and heat transfer when plugging occurs. Experiments are then compared to SCWG of a biomass sample aiming to give key insights into heat transfer and fluid dynamics mechanisms that could help develop operational and control strategies to increase the reliability of SCWG. In addition, a simplified model is presented to assess the effect of material integrity on burst-event likelihood, which states that SCWG is safe to operate, at 250 bar and 610 °C, in tubular reactors made of 0.22 wall thickness-to-diameter ratio Inconel-625 with superficial microfractures smaller than 30 µm. We also suggest improvement opportunities for the safety of SCWG in continuous operation mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste-to-Energy Processes Using Supercritical Fluids)
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Review

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14 pages, 2830 KiB  
Review
Heat Transfer Limitations in Supercritical Water Gasification
by Francisco Javier Gutiérrez Ortiz, Francisco López-Guirao, Francisco José Jiménez-Espadafor and José Manuel Benjumea
Energies 2022, 15(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010177 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1602
Abstract
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising technology for the valorization of wet biomass with a high-water content, which has attracted increasing interest. Many experimental studies have been carried out using conventional heating equipment at lab scale, where researchers try to obtain insight [...] Read more.
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising technology for the valorization of wet biomass with a high-water content, which has attracted increasing interest. Many experimental studies have been carried out using conventional heating equipment at lab scale, where researchers try to obtain insight into the process. However, heat transfer from the energy source to the fluid stream entering the reactor may be ineffective, so slow heating occurs that produces a series of undesirable reactions, especially char formation and tar formation. This paper reviews the limitations due to different factors affecting heat transfer, such as low Reynolds numbers or laminar flow regimes, unknown real fluid temperature as this is usually measured on the tubing surface, the strong change in physical properties of water from subcritical to supercritical that boosts a deterioration in heat transfer, and the insufficient mixing, among others. In addition, some troubleshooting and new perspectives in the design of efficient and effective devices are described and proposed to enhance heat transfer, which is an essential aspect in the experimental studies of SCWG to move it forward to a larger scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste-to-Energy Processes Using Supercritical Fluids)
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23 pages, 1436 KiB  
Review
Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
by Florentina Maxim, Iuliana Poenaru, Elena Ecaterina Toma, Giuseppe Stefan Stoian, Florina Teodorescu, Cristian Hornoiu and Speranta Tanasescu
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7399; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217399 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2187
Abstract
In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies [...] Read more.
In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste-to-Energy Processes Using Supercritical Fluids)
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