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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2016) | Viewed by 34272

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marvin Mikael Rokni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: SOC systems; cell and stack modeling; heat and flow within the cells; I-V curve and performance; alternative fuels with SOEC; hydrogen production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Owing to the ever-increasing demand for more efficient power production and distribution, improving production and distribution efficiencies and reducing pollutant emissions continue to be the main areas of research and development in the field of electricity production. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based power generators may play an important role in this area when they enter the commercialization stage. The main goal of this Special Issue is to bring theoretical, numerical, and experimental contributions that describe original research results and/or innovative concepts that address all aspects of SOFC-related findings and problems, such as system design, cell modelling, heat and fluid flow characteristics within the cells, alternative fuels, hybrid cycles, I-V curves related performance, etc. Two important areas, which have not received much attention in the open literature, and shall be pointed out, are the use of syngas extracted from the municipal waste gasification in a SOFC, and designing dual-mode SOFC systems. In the future, waste gasification may be an alternative solution to the increasing problem of waste disposal in sanitary landfills. Using excess electricity from renewable sources in a reverse mode SOFC to produce synthetic gas, and then use the same gas to generate electricity in the SOFC mode, is another area to be investigated. Your contributions are highly appreciated for this Special Issue.

Dr. Masoud Rokni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • system design
  • heat and fluid flow
  • hybrid cycles
  • modeling
  • alternative fuels
  • renewable energy
  • SOFC

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9189 KiB  
Article
Plasma Glow Discharge as a Tool for Surface Modification of Catalytic Solid Oxides: A Case Study of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Perovskite
by Yanxiang Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Mei Li, Yu Chen, Mufu Yan and Changrong Xia
Energies 2016, 9(10), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9100786 - 28 Sep 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4475
Abstract
Performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is hindered by the sluggish catalytic kinetics on the surfaces of cathode materials. It has recently been reported that improved electrochemical activity of perovskite oxides can be obtained with the cations or the oxides of some [...] Read more.
Performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is hindered by the sluggish catalytic kinetics on the surfaces of cathode materials. It has recently been reported that improved electrochemical activity of perovskite oxides can be obtained with the cations or the oxides of some metallic elements at the surface. Here, we used a cost-effective plasma glow charge method as a generic tool to deposit nano-size metallic particles onto the surface of SOFC materials. Ni nano-scale patterns were successfully coated on the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) surface. The microstructure could be well controlled. The kinetics of oxygen exchange on the modified LSCF surface was promoted significantly, confirmed by electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) measurement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Oxide Fuel Cells)
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8900 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sintering Temperature and Applied Load on Anode-Supported Electrodes for SOFC Application
by Xuan-Vien Nguyen, Chang-Tsair Chang, Guo-Bin Jung, Shih-Hung Chan, Wilson Chao-Wei Huang, Kai-Jung Hsiao, Win-Tai Lee, Shu-Wei Chang and I-Cheng Kao
Energies 2016, 9(9), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9090701 - 31 Aug 2016
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7088
Abstract
Anode-supported cells are prepared by a sequence of hot pressing and co-sintering processes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. Commercially available porous anode tape (NiO/YSZ = 50 wt %/50 wt %), anode tape (NiO/YSZ = 30 wt %/70 wt %), and YSZ [...] Read more.
Anode-supported cells are prepared by a sequence of hot pressing and co-sintering processes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. Commercially available porous anode tape (NiO/YSZ = 50 wt %/50 wt %), anode tape (NiO/YSZ = 30 wt %/70 wt %), and YSZ are used as the anode substrate, anode functional layer, and electrolyte layer, respectively. After hot pressing, the stacked layers are then sintered at different temperatures (1250 °C, 1350 °C, 1400 °C and 1450 °C) for 5 h in air. Different compressive loads are applied during the sintering process. An (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSM) paste is coated on the post-sintered anode-supported electrolyte surface as the cathode, and sintered at different temperatures (1100 °C, 1150 °C, 1200 °C and 1250 °C) for 2 h in air to generate anode-supported cells with dimensions of 60 × 60 mm2 (active reaction area of 50 × 50 mm2). SEM is used to investigate the anode structure of the anode-supported cells. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy is used to investigate the roughness of the cathode surfaces. At sintering temperatures of 1400 °C and 1450 °C, there is significant grain growth in the anode. Furthermore, the surface of the cathode is smoother at a firing temperature of 1200 °C. It is also found that the optimal compressive load of 1742 Pa led to a flatness of 168 µm/6 cm and a deformation of 0.72%. The open circuit voltage and power density of the anode-supported cell at 750 °C were 1.0 V and 178 mW·cm−2, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Oxide Fuel Cells)
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702 KiB  
Article
Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System
by Paolo Di Giorgio and Umberto Desideri
Energies 2016, 9(8), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9080662 - 19 Aug 2016
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 6338
Abstract
Electrical energy storage (EES) systems allow shifting the time of electric power generation from that of consumption, and they are expected to play a major role in future electric grids where the share of intermittent renewable energy systems (RES), and especially solar and [...] Read more.
Electrical energy storage (EES) systems allow shifting the time of electric power generation from that of consumption, and they are expected to play a major role in future electric grids where the share of intermittent renewable energy systems (RES), and especially solar and wind power plants, is planned to increase. No commercially available technology complies with all the required specifications for an efficient and reliable EES system. Reversible solid oxide cells (ReSOC) working in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes could be a cost effective and highly efficient EES, but are not yet ready for the market. In fact, using the system in fuel cell mode produces high temperature heat that can be recovered during electrolysis, when a heat source is necessary. Before ReSOCs can be used as EES systems, many problems have to be solved. This paper presents a new ReSOC concept, where the thermal energy produced during fuel cell mode is stored as sensible or latent heat, respectively, in a high density and high specific heat material and in a phase change material (PCM) and used during electrolysis operation. The study of two different storage concepts is performed using a lumped parameters ReSOC stack model coupled with a suitable balance of plant. The optimal roundtrip efficiency calculated for both of the configurations studied is not far from 70% and results from a trade-off between the stack roundtrip efficiency and the energy consumed by the auxiliary power systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Oxide Fuel Cells)
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3281 KiB  
Article
Performance Comparison on Repowering of a Steam Power Plant with Gas Turbines and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
by Masoud Rokni
Energies 2016, 9(6), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9060399 - 26 May 2016
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6002
Abstract
Repowering is a process for transforming an old power plant for greater capacity and/or higher efficiency. As a consequence, the repowered plant is characterized by higher power output and less specific CO2 emissions. Usually, repowering is performed by adding one or more [...] Read more.
Repowering is a process for transforming an old power plant for greater capacity and/or higher efficiency. As a consequence, the repowered plant is characterized by higher power output and less specific CO2 emissions. Usually, repowering is performed by adding one or more gas turbines into an existing steam cycle which was built decades ago. Thus, traditional repowering results in combined cycles (CC). High temperature fuel cells (such as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)) could also be used as a topping cycle, achieving even higher global plant efficiency and even lower specific CO2 emissions. Decreasing the operating temperature in a SOFC allows the use of less complex materials and construction methods, consequently reducing plant and the electricity costs. A lower working temperature makes it also suitable for topping an existing steam cycle, instead of gas turbines. This is also the target of this study, repowering of an existing power plant with SOFC as well as gas turbines. Different repowering strategies are studied here, repowering with one gas turbine with and without supplementary firing, repowering with two gas turbines with and without supplementary firing and finally repowering using SOFC. Plant performances and CO2 emissions are compared for the suggested repowered plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Oxide Fuel Cells)
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2074 KiB  
Article
A Computational Analysis of Functionally Graded Anode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Involving the Correlations of Microstructural Parameters
by Chao Wang
Energies 2016, 9(6), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9060408 - 25 May 2016
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3691
Abstract
Functionally-graded electrodes (FGEs) have shown great potential in improving solid oxide fuel cells’ (SOFCs) performance. In order to produce predictions of real FGE operations, a comprehensive numerical model that takes into account all the microstructure parameters, together with two sub model correlations, i.e. [...] Read more.
Functionally-graded electrodes (FGEs) have shown great potential in improving solid oxide fuel cells’ (SOFCs) performance. In order to produce predictions of real FGE operations, a comprehensive numerical model that takes into account all the microstructure parameters, together with two sub model correlations, i.e., porosity-tortuosity, and porosity-particle size ratio, is utilized, aiming to provide a novel approach to demonstrate the advantages of FGEs for SOFCs. Porosity grading and particle size grading are explored by using this implemented model as a baseline. Multiple types of grading cases are tested in order to study the FGEs at a micro-scale level. Comparison between the FGEs and conventional non-graded electrodes (uniform random composites) is conducted to investigate the potential of FGEs for SOFCs. This study essentially focuses on presenting a new perspective to examine the real-world FGEs performance by involving the correlations of physically connected micro-structural parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Oxide Fuel Cells)
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1282 KiB  
Technical Note
A Simple Expression for the Tortuosity of Gas Transport Paths in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells’ Porous Electrodes
by Wei Kong, Qiang Zhang, Xiuwen Xu and Daifen Chen
Energies 2015, 8(12), 13953-13959; https://doi.org/10.3390/en81212406 - 09 Dec 2015
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5450
Abstract
Based on the three-dimensional (3D) cube packing model, a simple expression for the tortuosity of gas transport paths in solid oxide fuel cells’ (SOFC) porous electrodes is developed. The proposed tortuosity expression reveals the dependence of the tortuosity on porosity, which is capable [...] Read more.
Based on the three-dimensional (3D) cube packing model, a simple expression for the tortuosity of gas transport paths in solid oxide fuel cells’ (SOFC) porous electrodes is developed. The proposed tortuosity expression reveals the dependence of the tortuosity on porosity, which is capable of providing results that are very consistent with the experimental data in the practical porosity range of SOFC. Furthermore, for the high porosity (>0.6), the proposed tortuosity expression is also accurate. This might be helpful for understanding the physical mechanism for the tortuosity of gas transport paths in electrodes and the optimization electrode microstructure for reducing the concentration polarization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Oxide Fuel Cells)
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