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Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion
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Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 18144

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jacek Grams

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Guest Editor
Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: catalysis, synthesis, and characterization of heterogeneous catalysts; biomass conversion; surface characterization of solids; environmental protection; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Ruppert

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: catalysis; lignocellulosic biomass valorization; production of biofuels and platform molecules; hydrogen; nanomaterials; sustainable chemistry; bulk and surface characterization of nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most promising sustainable methods of the production of energy, biofuels and various industrially important chemicals. The advantage of this type of feedstock is related to its global availability and limited impact on the environment. Lignocellulosic biomass can be processed via different methods, such as hydrolysis, hydrogenation, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, hydrotreating. However, the literature data demonstrated that the efficiency of those processes and their selectivity towards the formation of desirable products is still unsatisfactory. This raises problems related to the competitiveness of lignocellulosic biomass processing in comparison to other renewable resources. Therefore, it is especially important to expand the knowledge allowing the design of efficient, sustainable and low-cost processes of lignocellulosic biomass conversion.

This Special Issue is devoted to the development of new technologies for lignocellulosic biomass conversion. It includes design of new catalysts, the optimization of reaction conditions, types of reactors, the application of biomass pretreatment and development of multiple processes in modern biorefineries. Research on the mechanisms of the reactions as well as determination of the products of biomass valorization and characterization of the feedstock are also welcomed. Moreover, papers from a broad range of research and other applications related to the main topic fields are also encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Jacek Grams
Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Ruppert
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lignocellulosic biomass
  • biomass conversion
  • catalytic conversion
  • catalyst
  • biomass valorization
  • platform molecules
  • biofuel
  • biooil
  • hydrogen
  • biomass pretreatment
  • pyrolysis
  • gasification
  • hydrotreating
  • biorefinery

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3023 KiB  
Communication
Synthesis of Furfuryl Alcohol from Furfural: A Comparison between Batch and Continuous Flow Reactors
by Maïté Audemar, Yantao Wang, Deyang Zhao, Sébastien Royer, François Jérôme, Christophe Len and Karine De Oliveira Vigier
Energies 2020, 13(4), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13041002 - 24 Feb 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4004
Abstract
Furfural is a platform molecule obtained from hemicellulose. Among the products that can be produced from furfural, furfuryl alcohol is one of the most extensively studied. It is synthesized at an industrial scale in the presence of CuCr catalyst, but this process suffers [...] Read more.
Furfural is a platform molecule obtained from hemicellulose. Among the products that can be produced from furfural, furfuryl alcohol is one of the most extensively studied. It is synthesized at an industrial scale in the presence of CuCr catalyst, but this process suffers from an environmental negative impact. Here, we demonstrate that a non-noble metal catalyst (Co/SiO2) was active (100% conversion of furfural) and selective (100% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol) in the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol at 150 °C under 20 bar of hydrogen. This catalyst was recyclable up to 3 cycles, and then the activity decreased. Thus, a comparison between batch and continuous flow reactors shows that changing the reactor type helps to increase the stability of the catalyst and the space-time yield. This study shows that using a continuous flow reactor can be a solution to the catalyst suffering from a lack of stability in the batch process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion)
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14 pages, 2695 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of TiO2–ZrO2 Mixed Oxides via the Alginate Route: Application in the Ru Catalytic Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to Gamma-Valerolactone
by Agnieszka M. Ruppert, Pierre Agulhon, Jacek Grams, Malgorzata Wąchała, Joanna Wojciechowska, Dariusz Świerczyński, Thomas Cacciaguerra, Nathalie Tanchoux and Francoise Quignard
Energies 2019, 12(24), 4706; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12244706 - 10 Dec 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2474
Abstract
In this work, high surface area mono- and binary oxide materials based on zirconia and titania synthetized via the alginate route were applied as supports of ruthenium catalysts used in levulinic acid hydrogenation towards γ–valerolactone. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated [...] Read more.
In this work, high surface area mono- and binary oxide materials based on zirconia and titania synthetized via the alginate route were applied as supports of ruthenium catalysts used in levulinic acid hydrogenation towards γ–valerolactone. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated using surface (like time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) and bulk techniques (temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD)). The obtained results exhibited that the proposed synthesis method allows for modification of the shape, morphology, and surface properties of the studied materials. These catalysts were tested in levulinic acid hydrogenation, in which catalytic support is known to be crucial. The results revealed that the titania-supported catalyst was the most active in the reaction mentioned above, while the highest mechanical stability was observed for zirconia-supported materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion)
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20 pages, 4053 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation Using Supported Pt and Ru Catalysts for Treatment of Distillery Wastewater (Cognac and Sugarcane Vinasses)
by Thu Le Phuong and Michèle Besson
Energies 2019, 12(20), 3974; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12203974 - 18 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2549
Abstract
The production of brandy from wine and bioethanol from sugarcane in distilleries generates vinasses, which are effluents that are rich in organic matter. Since they have a high pollution load characterized by high chemical and biological oxygen demands and a dark color, the [...] Read more.
The production of brandy from wine and bioethanol from sugarcane in distilleries generates vinasses, which are effluents that are rich in organic matter. Since they have a high pollution load characterized by high chemical and biological oxygen demands and a dark color, the depollution of these effluents is inevitable. Pt and Ru catalysts supported on titania and zirconia were explored in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) processing of cognac and sugarcane wastewaters, in batch mode and in a trickle-bed reactor, at a temperature condition of 190 °C and a pressure condition of 70 bar air. The addition of a catalyst promoted total organic carbon (TOC) abatement and the oxidation of ammonium ions formed from organic nitrogen in the effluents to dinitrogen or nitrates. The best results in terms of selectivity to N2 were obtained by using Pt catalysts; a selectivity of 92% to N2 and a TOC removal of 90% were observed in continuous oxidation of the sugarcane vinasse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion)
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18 pages, 4708 KiB  
Article
Hydro-Pyrolysis and Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass and Its Hydroxy Residue Fast Pyrolysis Vapors
by Yichen Liu, James J. Leahy, Jacek Grams and Witold Kwapinski
Energies 2019, 12(18), 3474; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183474 - 09 Sep 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2846
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus, its hydrolysis residue and lignin were carried with a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) followed by online vapor catalytic upgrading with sulfated ZrO2, sulfated TiO2 and sulfated 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2. The most evident [...] Read more.
Fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus, its hydrolysis residue and lignin were carried with a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) followed by online vapor catalytic upgrading with sulfated ZrO2, sulfated TiO2 and sulfated 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2. The most evident influence of the catalyst on the vapor phase composition was observed for aromatic hydrocarbons, light phenols and heavy phenols. A larger amount of light phenols was detected, especially when 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2 was present. Thus, a lower average molecular weight and lower viscosity of bio-oil could be obtained with this catalyst. Pyrolysis was also performed at different pressures of hydrogen. The pressure of H2 has a great effect on the overall yield and the composition of biomass vapors. The peak area percentages of both aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclo-alkanes are enhanced with the increasing of H2 pressure. The overall yields are higher with the addition of either H2 or sulfated catalysts. This is beneficial as phenols are valuable chemicals, thus, increasing the value of bio-oil. The results show that the hydrolysis residue has the potential to become a resource for phenol production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion)
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8 pages, 1088 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Continuous Pretreatment of Corn Stover: A Comparison of Three Commercially Available Continuous Pulverizing Devices
by Yang Mo Gu, Sunghyun Kim, Daekyung Sung, Byoung-In Sang and Jin Hyung Lee
Energies 2019, 12(8), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081422 - 13 Apr 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2473
Abstract
We determined the potential of three mechanical pulverizers—a continuous ball mill (CBM), an air classifier mill (ACM), and a high-speed mill (HSM)—in the continuous pretreatment of corn stover. The mean diameters of the pulverized biomasses were not significantly different in the three cases, [...] Read more.
We determined the potential of three mechanical pulverizers—a continuous ball mill (CBM), an air classifier mill (ACM), and a high-speed mill (HSM)—in the continuous pretreatment of corn stover. The mean diameters of the pulverized biomasses were not significantly different in the three cases, and the glucose yields from the CBM-, ACM-, and HSM-pulverized samples were 29%, 49%, and 44%, respectively. The energy requirements and process capacities for the ACM and HSM were similar. We conclude that the ACM and HSM could be used in the continuous pretreatment of corn stover and would be useful in biofuel production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion)
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13 pages, 1802 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Bioethanol Preparation from Triticale Straw Using the Ionic Liquid and Sulfate Methods
by Małgorzata Smuga-Kogut, Bartosz Walendzik, Daria Szymanowska-Powalowska, Joanna Kobus-Cisowska, Janusz Wojdalski, Mateusz Wieczorek and Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Energies 2019, 12(6), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061155 - 25 Mar 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3079
Abstract
Triticale straw constitutes a potential raw material for biofuel production found in Poland in considerable quantities. Thus far, production of bioethanol has been based on food raw materials such as cereal seeds, sugar beets or potatoes, and the biofuel production methods developed for [...] Read more.
Triticale straw constitutes a potential raw material for biofuel production found in Poland in considerable quantities. Thus far, production of bioethanol has been based on food raw materials such as cereal seeds, sugar beets or potatoes, and the biofuel production methods developed for these lignocellulose raw materials can threaten the environment and are inefficient. Therefore, this study aimed to compare of methods for pretreatment of triticale straw using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and the sulfate method in the aspect of ethanol production intended for fuel. Based on the conducted experiments it has been determined that the use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate for the pretreatment of triticale straw resulted in an increase of reducing sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis and ethyl alcohol after alcoholic fermentation. Furthermore, the study compared the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of triticale straw without pretreatment, after processing with ionic liquid, recycled ionic liquid and using sulfate method, allowing a comparison of these methods. The more favorable method of lignocellulose material purification was the use of ionic liquid, due to the lower amount of toxic byproducts formed during the process, and the efficiency test results of bioethanol production using pretreatment with ionic liquid and sulfate method were similar. Ionic liquid recycling after pretreatment of rye straw using lyophilization allowed us to reuse this solvent to purify rye straw, yet the efficiency of this method remained at a low level. As a result of the conducted study it was determined that the use of ionic liquid-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate enhanced the yield of bioethanol from triticale straw from 1.60 g/dm3 after processing without pre-treatment to 10.64 g/dm3 after pre-treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion)
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