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Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I1: Fuel".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 12230

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sathaporn Chuepeng

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Guest Editor

ATAE Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, 199 Sukhumvit Road, Chonburi 20230, Thailand
Interests: fuel combustion; diesel engine

Dr. Kampanart Theinnoi

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Guest Editor

College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
Interests: internal combustion engines; environmental catalysts; aftertreatment technology; fuel reforming; nonthermal plasma for emission control; combustion and emissions control; exhaust gas emissions speciation

Dr. Ekarong Sukjit

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Guest Editor

School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasim 30000, Thailand
Interests: diesel engine; alternative fuel; combustion technology; engine-out emissions; engine wear

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diesel engines have been progressively developed in various aspects, i.e., fuel formulation, combustion technique, after-treatment system, etc. All approaches aim to enhance fuel combustion efficiency while conforming to global emission standards. Many sources of energy have been tried and used as fuels in diesel engines using various combustion strategies.

This Special Issue entitled “Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine” aims to present and distribute the recent advances and propose the technological trends related to the theory and application of all types of energy fuels in diesel engines.

Research papers and review articles are welcome to publish in this Special Issue. The scope of topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Alternative and advanced fuels
Fuel energy management
Modeling fuel injection and sprays
Experimental fuel injection and sprays
Multi-dimensional engine modeling
Combustion and flow diagnostics
Engine management and control
Diesel HCCI, RCCI, PCCI, or other advanced CDC combustion
Combustion in gaseous-fueled engines
Abnormal combustion and cyclic variation
After-treatment technology
Emission control modeling
Emissions measurement and testing
Diesel particulate matter related emissions
Low temperature catalytic combustion
New diesel engine technology concepts

Dr. Sathaporn Chuepeng
Dr. Kampanart Theinnoi
Dr. Ekarong Sukjit
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

combustion
diesel
emission
energy
engine
fuel
spray

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 5319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Plastic Bottle Caps: Characterization of Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine

by Somkiat Maithomklang, Ekarong Sukjit, Jiraphon Srisertpol, Niti Klinkaew and Khatha Wathakit

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2492; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052492 - 06 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1926

Abstract

Recycling used plastic can help reduce the amount of plastic waste generated. Existing methods, namely the process of pyrolysis, are chemical heating processes that decompose plastics in the absence of oxygen. This decomposes the plastics in a controlled environment in order to produce fuel from waste. The present study consequently investigated the physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis oil derived from plastic bottle caps (WPBCO) and the effects on the engine performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating on WPBCO. The experiments were conducted with a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant 1500 rpm under various engine loading conditions. The experimental results of the chemical properties of test fuels indicated that WPBCO and diesel fuels have similar functional groups and chemical components. In comparison, WPBCO has a lower kinematic viscosity, density, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, cetane index, and distillation behavior than diesel fuel. However, WPBCO has a high gross calorific value, which makes it a suitable replacement for fossil fuel. In comparison to diesel fuel, the use of WPBCO in diesel engines results in increased brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) under all load conditions. The combustion characteristics of the engine indicate that the use of WPBCO resulted in decreased in-cylinder pressure (ICP), rate of heat release (RoHR), and combustion stability compared to diesel fuel. In addition, the combustion of WPBCO advances the start of combustion more strongly than diesel fuel. The use of WPBCO increased emissions of NO_X, CO, HC, and smoke. In addition, the particulate matter (PM) analysis showed that the combustion of WPBCO generated a higher PM concentration than diesel fuel. When WPBCO was combusted, the maximum rate of soot oxidation required a lower temperature, meaning that oxidizing the soot took less energy and that it was easier to break down the soot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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25 pages, 4925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Alcohol-Blended Waste Plastic Oil on Engine Performance Characteristics and Emissions of a Diesel Engine

by Chalita Kaewbuddee, Somkiat Maithomklang, Prasert Aengchuan, Attasit Wiangkham, Niti Klinkaew, Atthaphon Ariyarit and Ekarong Sukjit

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031281 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1486

Abstract

The current study aims to investigate and compare the effects of waste plastic oil blended with n-butanol on the characteristics of diesel engines and exhaust gas emissions. Waste plastic oil produced by the pyrolysis process was blended with n-butanol at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume. Experiments were conducted on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine with a variation of five engine loads, while the engine’s speed was fixed at 2500 rpm. The experimental results showed that the main hydrocarbons present in WPO were within the range of diesel fuel (C13–C18, approximately 74.39%), while its specific gravity and flash point were out of the limit prescribed by the diesel fuel specification. The addition of n-butanol to WPO was found to reduce the engine’s thermal efficiency and increase HC and CO emissions, especially when the engine operated at low-load conditions. In order to find the suitable ratio of n-butanol blends when the engine operated at the tested engine load, the optimization process was carried out by considering the engine’s load and ratio of the n-butanol blend as input factors and the engine’s performance and emissions as output factors. It was found that the multi-objective function produced by the general regression neural network (GRNN) can be modeled as the multi-objective function with high predictive performances. The coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RSME) of the optimization model proposed in the study were 0.999, 2.606%, and 0.663, respectively, when brake thermal efficiency was considered, while nitrogen oxide values were 0.998, 6.915%, and 0.600, respectively. As for the results of the optimization using NSGA-II, a single optimum value may not be attained as with the other methods, but the optimization’s boundary was obtained, which was established by making a trade-off between brake thermal efficiency and nitrogen oxide emissions. According to the Pareto frontier, the engine load and ratio of the n-butanol blend that caused the trade-off between maximum brake thermal efficiency and minimum nitrogen oxides are within the approximate range of 37 N.m to 104 N.m and 9% to 14%, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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15 pages, 4383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promotion of the NO-to-NO₂ Conversion of a Biofueled Diesel Engine with Nonthermal Plasma-Assisted Low-Temperature Soot Incineration of a Diesel Particulate Filter

by Teerapong Iamcheerangkoon, Nuwong Chollacoop, Boonlue Sawatmongkhon, Thawatchai Wongchang, Sak Sittichompoo, Sathaporn Chuepeng and Kampanart Theinnoi

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9330; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249330 - 09 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 999

Abstract

High-concentration biodiesel-diesel fuel blends are an alternative fuel widely used for compression ignition engines. However, commercial diesel engines are not designed and set up for high-concentration biodiesel-diesel fuel blends. Hence, the aim of this research was to investigate the nonthermal plasma (NTP) activities during an NOx reduction and the soot characteristics on an unmodified diesel engine (Euro V) that is fueled with various biodiesel blends with diesel under a low exhaust gas temperature (<250 °C). The experiment found that the soot composition of biodiesel fuel produces lower levels of soot when compared with diesel, in terms of both number and mass. In addition, the activation energies (Ea) of carbon oxidation under an oxygen atmosphere were found to be approximately 154.57–173.64 kJ/mol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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17 pages, 4714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Evaluation of Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Blended Plastic Pyrolysis Oil in Enhanced Diesel Engine

by Chonlakarn Wongkhorsub, Wantana Chaowasin and Kampanart Theinnoi

Energies 2022, 15(23), 9115; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239115 - 01 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1431

Abstract

Plastic waste is the largest volume of waste and the most discarded, and it has a direct negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the pyrolysis oil process is an essential and sustainable solution to reduce plastic waste accumulation. However, the plastic pyrolysis fuel performance in diesel engines is reduced due to its lower cetane number. Diesel and pyrolysis oil were blended in ratios of 90:10 (BP10), 80:20 (BP20), 70:30 (BP30), 60:40 (BP40), and 50:50 (BP50) and applied in a single-cylinder diesel engine to investigate the engine performance and exhaust emission. The long ignition delay, thermal efficiency drops, and emission growth were found regarding the higher blended fuel ratios. BP30 was selected to evaluate the performance and combustion characteristics of blended plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel blends by enhancing an unmodified engine using low hydrogen additions (1000 ppm) and advanced timing adjustment. The hydrogen injected into the intake manifold, along with the advanced fuel injection timing (−16.5 CA°BTDC), affected engine performance and emissions (CO, HC, and NO) at 1500 rpm under 25%, 50%, and 75% of the maximum load compared with diesel fuel. The results showed that the hydrogen addition was very positive for both engine performance and emission reduction, as the expanded flammability of the hydrogen promoted a wide range of combustion within the cylinder, whereas the advanced injection timing achieved improved engine performance but produced higher emissions compared to B7 at all engine loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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11 pages, 3744 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Nonthermal Plasma Technology on Oxidation Characteristics of Soot Operated on Direct Injection Internal Combustion Engines

by Pichitpon Neamyou, Kampanart Theinnoi, Boonlue Sawatmongkhon, Thawatchai Wongchang, Chonlakarn Wongkhorsub, Sak Sittichompoo and Sathaporn Chuepeng

Energies 2022, 15(23), 9009; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239009 - 28 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1222

Abstract

The combination of porous material with nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology to reduce the amount of particulate matter emitted from a direct-injection compression-ignition engine was investigated in this study. The investigation aimed at regulating particulate matter under long-term operation. A porous materials filter thickness of 4 mm was installed in the NTP reactor. The common rail diesel engine was fueled with 7%-vol biodiesel fuel (B7), and the experiment was carried out at steady-state conditions at 2000 rpm and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The effects of NTP high-voltage discharge (e.g., 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 kV) and the porous filter thickness (e.g., 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) on particle number size distributions were examined. The protype of combine porous filter and NTP illustrated good particulate removal (>70%) operated with a thickness of 4 mm of porous materials filter and a high voltage of 6 kV under the same power rating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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17 pages, 3019 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Raw Jojoba Oil as a Sustainable Fuel to Diesel Engines and Comparison with Diesel Fuel

by Mohamed Y. E. Selim, Mamdouh T. Ghannam, Bishoy N. Abdo, Youssef A. Attai and Mohsen S. Radwan

Energies 2022, 15(16), 5770; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165770 - 09 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2373

Abstract

Raw Jojoba oil was used in a direct-injection diesel engine without any engine modifications and compared with both diesel fuel and 50/50 raw Jojoba/diesel. The measured parameters included the rheological properties measured in the range of shear rate from 100 to 500 1/s. Distillation data were presented for raw Jojoba oil compared to diesel. The parameters included exhaust gas analysis, block vibration, sound noise, and the combustion pressure and its rise rate. Averaged pressure-crank angle, vibration, and its frequency spectrum and sound level were presented. Data also included brake power, specific fuel consumption, and exhaust temperatures for all fuels used. For Jojoba oil, the engine did not exhibit low power output or specific fuel consumption. Exhaust temperatures, smoke opacity, and NOx emissions were lower than diesel case. Noise for Jojoba was higher than diesel case. The engine block vibration was concentrated towards the low frequency range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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18 pages, 4983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency of Semi-Automatic Control Ethanol Distillation Using a Vacuum-Tube Parabolic Solar Collector

by Sumol Sae-Heng Pisitsungkakarn and Pichitpon Neamyou

Energies 2022, 15(13), 4688; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134688 - 26 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1417

Abstract

Thailand is an agricultural country with several agro-industrial by-products that can be processed into fuels. Although producing ethanol from agro-industrial by-products is an interesting option, the process of distilling ethanol from fermented agricultural products requires a high temperature to increase the ethanol concentration from 10% to 95%. In this research, solar ethanol distillation equipment incorporating a solar parabolic collector with a vacuum heat absorber tube to increase efficiency by reducing heat loss was designed and developed. An electronic device was used to control the distillation process, maintain the required temperature, and make suitable adjustments to the solar radiation acceptance angles of the parabolic solar collector. Ethanol dilution at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and Sato (Thai Rice Wine) were used as the reactant in the distillation process. The result of distilling ethanol distillation with a semi-automatic control using a vacuum-tube parabolic solar collector showed that the thermal efficiency of the receiver was 12.61%, 13.93%, 18.58%, and 17.40%, respectively. The thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger was 11.27%, 10.76%, 13.35%, and 12.35%, respectively. The final concentration of ethanol was 67%, 76%, 82%, and 80%, respectively, and the amount of the distilled ethanol was 330 mL, 352 mL, 398 mL, and 360 mL, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Trends of Fuel Combustion in Diesel Engine)

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