Research

16 pages, 5382 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eddy Current Braking Force Analysis of a Water-Cooled Ironless Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

by Mengyao Wang, Lu Zhang, Kai Yang, Junjie Xu and Chunyu Du

Energies 2023, 16(15), 5826; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155826 - 06 Aug 2023

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The ironless linear permanent magnet synchronous motor (ILPMSM) is highly compact, easy to control, and exhibits minimal thrust fluctuations, making it an ideal choice for direct loading applications requiring precise positioning accuracy in linear motor test rigs. To address the issue of temperature [...] Read more.

The ironless linear permanent magnet synchronous motor (ILPMSM) is highly compact, easy to control, and exhibits minimal thrust fluctuations, making it an ideal choice for direct loading applications requiring precise positioning accuracy in linear motor test rigs. To address the issue of temperature rise resulting from increased primary winding current and to simultaneously enhance thrust density while minimizing thrust fluctuations, this paper introduces a bilateral-type ILPMSM with a cooling water jacket integrated between the dual-layer windings of the primary movers. The primary winding of the motor adopts a dual-layer coreless structure where the upper and lower windings are closely spaced and cooled by a non-conductive metal cooling water jacket, while the dual-sided secondary employs a Halbach permanent magnet array. The motor’s overall braking force is a combination of the electromagnetic braking force generated by the energized windings and the eddy current braking force induced on the cooling water jacket. This paper specifically focuses on the analysis of the eddy current braking force. Initially, the motor’s geometry and working principle are presented. Subsequently, the equivalent magnetization intensity method is employed to determine the no-load air gap magnetic density resulting from the Halbach array. An analytical model is then developed to derive expressions for the eddy current density and braking force induced in the water-cooling jacket. The accuracy of the analytical method is validated through finite element analysis. Then, a comparative analysis of the braking forces in two primary cooling structures, namely the inter-cooled type and the two-side cooled type ILPMSM, is conducted. Moreover, the characteristics of the eddy current braking force are thoroughly examined concerning motor size parameters and operating conditions. This paper provides a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent optimization design of the proposed motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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20 pages, 10388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of a Stator Field Control Permanent Magnet Synchronous Starter–Generator System

by Haoquan Zhang, Baoquan Kou and Lu Zhang

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5125; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135125 - 03 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1401

Abstract

In recent years, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has garnered significant attention due to its high power density and efficiency in applications such as electric vehicles, aviation, and other domains. This paper proposes a stator field control permanent magnet synchronous starter–generator (SFC-PMSSG) [...] Read more.

In recent years, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has garnered significant attention due to its high power density and efficiency in applications such as electric vehicles, aviation, and other domains. This paper proposes a stator field control permanent magnet synchronous starter–generator (SFC-PMSSG) system. The starter–generator system comprises the SFC-PMSSG and a field controller (FC). A mathematical model of the SFC-PMSSG is established. Finite element analysis (FEA) is employed to obtain the electromagnetic parameters of the SFC-PMSSG, and the characteristics of the SFC-PMSSG are analyzed. A circuit simulation model of the FC is established to assess the control effect and the loss of the FC. A co-analysis of the system is conducted, and the results demonstrate that the SFC-PMSSG system can maintain output voltage stability as load and speed conditions vary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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23 pages, 13709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Pole Equivalence and Performance Analyses of Multi-Layer Flux-Barrier Combined-Pole Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Used for Electric Vehicles

by Weinan Wang, Lingfang Fu, Shuo Wang, Jian Wei, Yiqi Liu, Liangkuan Zhu and Mingfei Ban

Energies 2023, 16(11), 4502; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114502 - 02 Jun 2023

Viewed by 898

Abstract

Multi-layer flux-barrier combined-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machines (MLFB-CP-PMSMs) are especially suitable for machines used in electrical vehicles (EVs), as they represent a tradeoff between electromagnetic performance and the consumption of high-priced rare-earth permanent magnets (PM). In this paper, magnetic pole equivalence and performance analyses [...] Read more.

Multi-layer flux-barrier combined-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machines (MLFB-CP-PMSMs) are especially suitable for machines used in electrical vehicles (EVs), as they represent a tradeoff between electromagnetic performance and the consumption of high-priced rare-earth permanent magnets (PM). In this paper, magnetic pole equivalence and performance analyses of the MLFB-CP-PMSM are investigated. Firstly, three types of PM arrangements of combined poles are introduced, namely, parallel, series and series–parallel. Then, the magnetic circuit model and magnetic pole equivalence principle of MLFB-CP-PMSMs with different PM arrangements are analyzed. After that, the accuracy of the equivalence method is studied by comparing the machine electromagnetic performance before and after equivalence. Finally, the MLFB-CP-PMSM’s performance, including the loss, efficiency and electromagnetic torque, is analyzed. The results prove that the MLFB-CP-PMSM has the advantage of high efficiency, and the equivalence method can retain precision when the MLFB-CP-PMSM armature reaction degree varies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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15 pages, 4190 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Optimization of an Asymmetric Rotor IPM Motor with High Demagnetization Prevention Capability and Robust Torque Performance

by Ling Ding, Yuan Cheng, Tianxu Zhao, Kai Yao, Yao Wang and Shumei Cui

Energies 2023, 16(9), 3635; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093635 - 23 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1391

Abstract

In this paper, an asymmetric rotor interior permanent magnet (ARIPM) motor with high demagnetization prevention capability and robust torque performance is proposed. The key contribution of this paper lies in two aspects. On the one hand, a novel asymmetric rotor with a shifted [...] Read more.

In this paper, an asymmetric rotor interior permanent magnet (ARIPM) motor with high demagnetization prevention capability and robust torque performance is proposed. The key contribution of this paper lies in two aspects. On the one hand, a novel asymmetric rotor with a shifted magnet axis is proposed to improve the demagnetization prevention capability and torque density. In order to obtain a proper asymmetric rotor topology of the ARIPM motor, the multi-physical performances, especially the PM demagnetization characteristics of five types of PM arrangements, are analyzed. Furthermore, an asymmetric rotor with V- and VV-type PM arrangement is preliminarily designed, considering the multi-physical performance balance and the potentially high anti-demagnetization ability. On the other hand, it is found that the asymmetric rotor structure can not only improve the nominal value of motor performance but also can enhance the resistance to the influence of manufacturing uncertainties. Therefore, multi-objective optimization of the ARIPM motor with rotor notch design is carried out to obtain an optimal motor structure with both high nominal value and robustness of motor performances. By comparing the simulation results with those of a benchmark motor, the superiority and validity of the proposed ARIPM motor are confirmed. Experimental tests will be carried out in the future to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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17 pages, 6844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Magnetic Field and Force Characteristics of a Novel Four-Quadrant Lorentz Force Motor

by Xiangrui Meng, Changhong Wang, Jiapeng Zhong, Hongwei Xia, Liwei Song and Guoqing Yang

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031091 - 19 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1244

Abstract

The 6-DOF vibration isolation platform (VIP) is used to isolate vibration in the processing and manufacturing of semiconductor chips, especially electric vehicle chips. The 6-DOF VIP has the characteristics of high position accuracy, fast dynamic response, and short motion travel. In this paper, [...] Read more.

The 6-DOF vibration isolation platform (VIP) is used to isolate vibration in the processing and manufacturing of semiconductor chips, especially electric vehicle chips. The 6-DOF VIP has the characteristics of high position accuracy, fast dynamic response, and short motion travel. In this paper, a novel four-quadrant Lorentz force motor (FQLFM) applied on the 6-DOF VIP is proposed. The structure of this LFM has a high force density, low force fluctuation, and low coupling force. First, the basic structure and operating principle of the proposed FQLFM are presented. Secondly, the expressions of the magnetic field and electromagnetic force are obtained based on an equivalent current model and the permanent magnet mirror-image method (PMMIM). Thirdly, the magnetic field and electromagnetic force characteristics of the proposed FQLFM and an LFM with a traditional bilateral structure are analyzed and compared. The relationship between the force and displacement of the FQLFM is investigated. Moreover, the PMMIM is verified by a 3D finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, the experimental platform for a force test is built and the above results are validated by an experiment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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17 pages, 4399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Hybrid Excitation Doubly Salient Generator with Separated Windings by PM Inserted in Stator Slot for HEVs

by Mengyao Wang, Baoquan Kou, Lu Zhang, Yuansheng Zhao and Jian Xu

Energies 2022, 15(21), 7968; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217968 - 27 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1288

Abstract

Aiming to design a generator with high reliability, high efficiency, and especially a constant output voltage over a wide speed range for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), this paper proposes a novel topology of a hybrid excitation doubly salient generator with separate windings (HEDSGSW). [...] Read more.

Aiming to design a generator with high reliability, high efficiency, and especially a constant output voltage over a wide speed range for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), this paper proposes a novel topology of a hybrid excitation doubly salient generator with separate windings (HEDSGSW). The topology herein utilizes a hybrid excitation type of PMs and DC windings to generate parallel magnetic circuits. In addition, PMs are embedded in the magnetic bridge to insulate the excitation windings with armature windings. This design can achieve compactness, efficiency, and especially constant output capability over a wide speed range. The geometry and flux regulation principles, including magnetic flux circuits, are elaborated. After comparing three power generation modes, the most suitable mode, namely, the doubly salient generation 2 (DSG2) mode, is confirmed to ensure a stable voltage output performance. Then, considering the non-uniformity effect of the stator and rotor slots, the no-load back electromotive force (EMF) expressions are derived based on the EMF to air-gap relative permeance method. Furthermore, a 1 kW HEDSGSW FEA model, with an output voltage of 42 V and a rated speed of 6000 rpm, is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the operating properties of the HEDSGSW, such as no-load characteristics and adjustment characteristics, are analyzed to further verify the rationality of its magnetic flux circuit and the flexibility of the excitation regulation capability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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14 pages, 4883 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Dual-Harmonic Pole-Changing Motor with Split Permanent Magnet Pole

by Yi Du, Jiayan Zhou, Zhuofan He, Yandong Sun and Ming Kong

Energies 2022, 15(20), 7716; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207716 - 19 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1212

Abstract

This paper proposes a dual-harmonic pole-changing (PC) motor with split permanent magnet (PM) poles (DHPCM-SPMPs). By adopting a split PM pole structure, the amplitude of the third PM flux density is increased greatly. Therefore, when a PC winding is adopted to couple with [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a dual-harmonic pole-changing (PC) motor with split permanent magnet (PM) poles (DHPCM-SPMPs). By adopting a split PM pole structure, the amplitude of the third PM flux density is increased greatly. Therefore, when a PC winding is adopted to couple with the fundamental and third PM flux density components, respectively, the proposed motor can work as a PC PM motor to satisfy operating demands of electric tractors. The design and effect of the proposed split PM pole structure is introduced first. The winding topology is then designed according to the slot vector diagrams of the two PM flux density components, and the PC operation can be realized by electric switches. Aiming at a torque ratio design objective, the PM structure parameters can be determined based on mathematical derivation, and the speed-widening capability is proved based on the operation characteristic analysis. Finally, the electromagnetic performance of the DHPCM-SPMPs is investigated and compared by finite element analysis, which shows the high torque capability in eight-pole mode and the wide speed range in twenty-four-pole mode benefiting from the PC operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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13 pages, 4870 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of a Transverse-Flux Flux-Reversal Motor with Consequent-Pole Configuration

by Ke Liu, Xiaobao Yang, Yu Zhou and Bo Luo

Energies 2022, 15(20), 7469; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207469 - 11 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1755

Abstract

The transverse-flux motor, which has the advantage of high torque density, has become one of the research focuses of direct-drive motors for low speed and high-torque industrial applications. This paper aimed to propose a transverse-flux flux-reversal motor with consequent-pole configuration (TF-CFRM), which has [...] Read more.

The transverse-flux motor, which has the advantage of high torque density, has become one of the research focuses of direct-drive motors for low speed and high-torque industrial applications. This paper aimed to propose a transverse-flux flux-reversal motor with consequent-pole configuration (TF-CFRM), which has a robust rotor structure and provides high torque density by using fewer expensive NdFeB permanent magnets. Firstly, the basic structure and running work principle of the TF-CFRM are introduced. Secondly, the analytical expression of electromagnetic torque is derived from a simplified 3D-equivalent magnetic-circuit model. Then, the preliminary optimization of the basic dimension is accomplished by the finite element method to improve the torque density. At last, the electrical performances, e.g., the torque density, overload capability, and power factor of the proposed TF-CFRM are analyzed and compared with those of the transverse-flux flux-reversal motor (TF-FRM) and traditional flux-reversal motor (FRM). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Permanent-Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles)

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