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Energies
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High-Performance Cogeneration, Waste Heat Recovery and Environmental Protection Strategies
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High-Performance Cogeneration, Waste Heat Recovery and Environmental Protection Strategies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 3875

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Alessandra Ancona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: cogeneration; hydrogen; energy production and distribution optimization; heat recovery; district heating; power-to-gas; power-to-X; smart energy districts; distributed generation; renewables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea De Pascale

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: thermodynamics of advanced energy systems; advanced gas turbines; CHP and micro-CHP systems; renewable-based and waste heat-recovery technologies; micro-generators; ORC technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The next decade is crucial to set the pathway towards the achievement of net zero emissions by 2050 and limit global warming to 1.5 °C, as established in the Paris Agreement and confirmed by the industrialized countries’ pledges during the recent Conference Of Parties (COP 26) in Glasgow. In this perspective, in both residential sector and industrial processes, the issue of carbon emission reduction leads to the need to improve energy production and management efficiency. Among the possibilities, high-performance cogeneration and waste heat recovery, eventually coupled with the use of green fuels, represent effective strategies to minimize the environmental impact.

In the future, these technologies can play an increasing role within the energy generation sector, and can help in achieving the carbon footprint reduction targets in urban areas, as well as in many industrial processes. This Special Issue will focus on the current state of the art and on cutting-edge research activities ongoing in high-performance cogeneration, waste heat recovery and environmental protection strategies.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Advanced cogeneration systems;
  • Waste heat recovery;
  • Energy efficiency increase via cogeneration and waste heat recovery;
  • Organic Rankine cycle;
  • Optimization strategies for energy production and management;
  • Combined heat and power application of green fuels;
  • CO2 emissions reduction;
  • Environmental protection technologies and techniques;
  • Innovative clean technologies

Dr. Maria Alessandra Ancona
Dr. Andrea De Pascale
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cogeneration
  • waste heat recovery
  • high-performance combined heat and power (CHP) systems
  • organic Rankine cycle (ORC)
  • CO2 emissions reduction
  • energy efficiency increase
  • energy production and management optimization
  • innovative clean technologies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 4579 KiB  
Article
Untapping Industrial Flexibility via Waste Heat-Driven Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems
by Stefano Barberis, Simone Maccarini, Syed Safeer Mehdi Shamsi and Alberto Traverso
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6249; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176249 - 28 Aug 2023
Viewed by 710
Abstract
Pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) is a promising long-duration energy storage technology. Nevertheless, PTES shows intermediate round-trip efficiency (RTE—0.5 ÷ 0.7) and significant CAPEX. sCO2 heat pumps and power cycles could reduce PTES CAPEX, particularly via reversible and flexible machines. Furthermore, the [...] Read more.
Pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) is a promising long-duration energy storage technology. Nevertheless, PTES shows intermediate round-trip efficiency (RTE—0.5 ÷ 0.7) and significant CAPEX. sCO2 heat pumps and power cycles could reduce PTES CAPEX, particularly via reversible and flexible machines. Furthermore, the possibility to exploit freely available heat sources (such as waste heat and/or CSP inputs) could increase RTE, making the system capable of an apparent RTE > 100% as well as reducing CAPEX, avoiding the need for two TES systems. This paper analyses the potential valorization of industrial waste heat (WH) to enhance PTES thermodynamic performance as well as increase industrial energy efficiency, valorizing different levels of WH sources in the 100–400 °C temperature range. In fact, the use of additional heat, otherwise dumped into ambient surroundings, may contribute to avoiding the need for a second TES, thus enhancing plant competitiveness. Starting from an assessment of the most relevant industrial sectors to apply the proposed solution (looking at available WH and electric flexibility needed), this paper analyses the feasibility of a specific sCO2-based PTES case study, where the cycle is integrated into a cement production plant with a WH temperature of around 350 °C. It is demonstrated that the CAPEX of the proposed systems are still relevant and only a robust exploitation of the PTES in the ancillary service market could attract industrial customers’ interest in sCO2 PTES. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Cogeneration, Waste Heat Recovery and Environmental Protection Strategies)
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23 pages, 1384 KiB  
Article
The Role of Cogeneration in the Electrification Pathways towards Decarbonization
by Marco Gambini, Stefano Mazzoni and Michela Vellini
Energies 2023, 16(15), 5606; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155606 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 815
Abstract
The global call for an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and reliable energy system looks for the optimal integration of different technologies to allow a smooth and economically viable transition towards electrification. In this context, small, medium, and large industrial processes are relevant contributors to [...] Read more.
The global call for an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and reliable energy system looks for the optimal integration of different technologies to allow a smooth and economically viable transition towards electrification. In this context, small, medium, and large industrial processes are relevant contributors to global CO2 emissions production due to the simultaneous requirement of electricity, heating, and cooling power generally obtained through fossil fuel combustion. In this context, Combined Heat and Power Energy converters based on internal combustion engines, such as reciprocating engines, gas turbines, and gas turbine combined cycles, and external combustion, such as backpressure and condensing steam power plants, are the most suitable solutions for the efficient and reliable generation of the above-mentioned assets. Typically, the industrial demand for heat and electricity differs in terms of heat-to-power ratio when compared to the heat-to-power ratio of the CHP plant, and this has led to requiring the selection of a control strategy to follow, partially or fully, the heat load or the electric load. In this paper, the authors propose an operating and design strategy addressed to fully covering the heat load demands by the heat generated by the CHP, allowing the system to have an excess of electricity generated. This electricity can be used for different purposes, as regards the novel electrification roadmap. Indeed, the authors have explored four configurations in which the excess of the CHP-generated electricity can be exported to the national grid, used for high-tension fast-charging electromobility systems, for running reverse osmosis desalination plants, and for the production of alternative fuels such as hydrogen. The authors propose a methodology for providing an extensive environmental techno-economic assessment that looks at 2050 CO2 targets. Accordingly, the environmental techno-economic assessment results are presented and discussed by considering the Net Present Value, payback period, and CO2 emission savings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Cogeneration, Waste Heat Recovery and Environmental Protection Strategies)
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20 pages, 2033 KiB  
Article
Energy and Environmental Assessment of Cogeneration in Ceramic Tiles Industry
by Maria Alessandra Ancona, Lisa Branchini, Saverio Ottaviano, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Benedetta Ferrari, Barbara Mazzanti, Marcello Salvio, Claudia Toro, Fabrizio Martini and Miriam Benedetti
Energies 2023, 16(1), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010182 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1890
Abstract
Ceramic tile manufacturing is a highly energy-intensive process. Concerns about carbon emissions and energy costs make energy management crucial for this sector, which holds a leading role in Italian industry. The paper discusses the energetic and environmental performance of cogeneration (CHP) in the [...] Read more.
Ceramic tile manufacturing is a highly energy-intensive process. Concerns about carbon emissions and energy costs make energy management crucial for this sector, which holds a leading role in Italian industry. The paper discusses the energetic and environmental performance of cogeneration (CHP) in the ceramic industry, where prime mover exhaust heat is supplied to a spray-dryer system, contributing to the satisfaction of the thermal demand and decreasing natural gas consumption. A thermodynamic model of a dryer unit, validated against real data, has been set-up to provide a detailed representation of the thermal fluxes involved in the process. Then, the thermal integration with two types of CHP prime movers of similar electric size (4 MW) is investigated. Energetic results show that the gas turbine can contribute up to 81% of dryer thermal consumption, whilst internal combustion engine contribution is limited to 26%. A methodology was ad-hoc defined for the environmental assessment of CHP, accounting for global (CO2) and local (CO and NOX) emissions. Results confirm that CHP units guarantee reduction of CO2 and NOX compared to separate generation, with maximum values equal to 81 g/kWhth and 173 mg/kWhth, respectively; CO emission is decreased only in the case of gas turbine operation, with savings equal to 185 mg/kWhth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Cogeneration, Waste Heat Recovery and Environmental Protection Strategies)
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