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Advances in Measurement and Modelling Approaches Related to Flow and Storage in the Subsurface: Experimental, Simulation, and Intelligent Methods

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 April 2024) | Viewed by 7868

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Energy Resources, University of Stavanger, Kristine Bonnevies vei 22, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
Interests: energy transition; special core analysis; spontaneous imbibition; machine learning; hydrogen; fractured and tight reservoirs; enhanced recovery; carbon capture utilization and storage
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Guest Editor
1. Research Professor, Department of Energy & Technology, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
2. Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Chemistry University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
Interests: water- and gas based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods; well productivity and formation damage mechanisms; CO2 storage; wettability and wettability alteration

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Guest Editor
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20B, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Interests: geothermal energy; numerical modelling; multiphase flow; reservoir engineering; carbon storage leakage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Formations in the subsurface are of great industrial and engineering importance as they can store hydrocarbons, groundwater, CO2, hydrogen, and geothermal energy. The number and variety of applications of the subsurface have increased in recent years with the energy transition taking place. This includes enhanced recovery, repurposing reservoirs from production to storage sites for new fluids, tracking of long-term fluid and heat migration, and determination of chemicophysical interactions between fluids and the formation. In that regard, it is important to establish experimental protocols that give reproducible and representative results, recognize important experimental artifacts that affect interpretation, and develop methods that can speed up the acquisition of data compared to time-consuming traditional procedures. As more data are collected, artificial intelligence can also be used to interpret and predict behavior and parameters without pre-assuming specific relations. Physics-informed machine learning can also be applied to constrain the tuning of neural networks to match data while ensuring physical behavior. The expected main contributions of this Special Issue are novel procedures for experimental design and interpretation and the addition of experimental data that provide new insights and fill gaps in the existing literature.

Dr. Pål Østebø Andersen
Prof. Dr. Ingebret Fjelde
Dr. Yangyang Qiao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel and smart experimental methods
  • chemical reactions and alteration of physical properties
  • accurate parameter estimation
  • experimental guidelines
  • gas leakage assessment after carbon storage
  • combined interpretation of large experimental datasets
  • carbon capture and utilization
  • wettability
  • energy transition
  • enhanced oil recovery
  • uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
  • thermal-hydraulic–mechanical–chemical coupling effects

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4079 KiB  
Article
Challenges and Opportunities for Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Systems in Germany—Part 3: The Return of the Extraction Brine
by Valentin Goldberg, Ali Dashti, Robert Egert, Binil Benny, Thomas Kohl and Fabian Nitschke
Energies 2023, 16(16), 5899; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165899 - 09 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Lithium (Li) is considered a crucial element for energy transition due to its current irreplaceability in Li-ion batteries, particularly in electric vehicles. Market analysis indicates that Germany’s future automotive sector and planned battery cell production will necessitate significant quantities of global lithium production. [...] Read more.
Lithium (Li) is considered a crucial element for energy transition due to its current irreplaceability in Li-ion batteries, particularly in electric vehicles. Market analysis indicates that Germany’s future automotive sector and planned battery cell production will necessitate significant quantities of global lithium production. At the same time, only 1% of the world’s Li production is currently sourced from Europe. Recently, geothermal brines in Germany have gained attention as a potential local raw material source. These brines exhibit elevated Li concentrations and substantial flow rates in geothermal plants, suggesting the possibility of viable local production. However, a comprehensive full-scale Li extraction process from geothermal brines is yet to be established, and uncertainties persist regarding its long-term behavior. To address this, a generic model based on the geothermal settings of the Upper Rhine Graben was developed, simulating a 30-year operational period for Li extraction. The simulation revealed a 40% depletion of lithium during the observation period, while heat production remained constant. Nonetheless, the model also demonstrated a mean Li production of 231 t per year (equivalent to 1230 t per year of lithium carbonate equivalent), which could significantly enhance the economic prospects of a geothermal power plant and, if applied to multiple plants, reduce Germany’s dependence on global lithium imports. The primary factor influencing productivity is the achievable flow rate, as it directly impacts access to the raw material, hence, emphasizing the importance of detailed reservoir exploration and development in optimizing future lithium production from geothermal brines. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 5457 KiB  
Review
Water-Cut Measurement Techniques in Oil Production and Processing—A Review
by Bushra Kamal, Zahra Abbasi and Hassan Hassanzadeh
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6410; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176410 - 04 Sep 2023
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Abstract
Water cut is a vital monitoring and surveillance parameter with great significance in oil production operations and processing. Water-cut measurements are also challenging due to the significant variations and the harsh measurement environment. The objective of this article is to review the current [...] Read more.
Water cut is a vital monitoring and surveillance parameter with great significance in oil production operations and processing. Water-cut measurements are also challenging due to the significant variations and the harsh measurement environment. The objective of this article is to review the current water-cut measurement techniques and suggest future areas that are expanding to overcome existing measurement challenges. Commercially available online methods such as capacitance-based sensors, tomography techniques, gamma densitometry, ultrasonic meters and infrared meters, and the traditional laboratory offline methods, are discussed, along with their principle of operation, detection range, and sensing resolution. Also, the discussed techniques are summarized, highlighting their main advantages and limitations. Furthermore, future trends and research areas, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), soft computing, Metamaterials, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), which are integrated with water-cut measurements, are briefly mentioned. The current research hotspots are directed toward integrating full-range measurements with multi-parameter detection, high sensitivity, and reliability. Full article
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