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Prospects of Deep and Ultra-Deep Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 2078

Special Issue Editors

School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: sedimentation and diagenesis of fine-grained sediments; deep shale gas; organic petrology; petroleum geochemistry; sedimentary geochemistry
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Guest Editor
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: hydrocarbon accumulation; formation mechanism of high-quality source rocks; deep oil; clastic reservoirs
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Guest Editor
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: deep hydrocarbon accumulation; tight oil anf gas evaluation; carbonate reservoirs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abundant oil and gas resources have been found in China’s deep basins, including Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, and other basins. Recently, major breakthroughs have been made in deep and ultra-deep reservoirs, including conventional carbonate and clastic reservoirs, as well as unconventional shale reservoirs. A series of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas fields (e.g., Anyue gas field, Puguang gas filed, Tazhong oil field, Weirong deep shale gas field, Qijiang deep shale gas field, etc.) has also been discovered, demonstrating the huge potential of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development. Hydrocarbon generation–retention–expulsion, hydrocarbon stability, reservoir formation, and organic–inorganic interaction in deep and ultra-deep reservoirs are becoming new hot research topics, and a series of achievements have been made in recent years. We therefore call for submissions to be included as part of this Special Issue which covers the new advances in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development. Novel original research articles and reviews are all welcomed. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. New methods and technologies to characterize organic and mineralogical properties of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs;
  2. The formation and distribution of high-quality source rocks in deep basins;
  3. The diagenesis, porosity formation, and evolution mechanism of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs;
  4. Organic–inorganic interactions in deep and ultra-deep reservoirs;
  5. Case studies of deep and ultra-deep commercial oil and gas accumulations.

Dr. Ping Gao
Dr. Xiujian Ding
Dr. Zezhang Song
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • deep-ultra-deep basin
  • deep oil and gas
  • shale gas
  • diagenesis
  • porosity.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 29407 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Pore Structure on the Occurrence of Free Oil in Lacustrine Shale Pore Networks
by Fuliang You, Guangdi Liu, Mingliang Sun, Cheng An, Chaozheng Li and Yishu Li
Energies 2023, 16(20), 7205; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207205 - 23 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 897
Abstract
The ultimate recovery of shale oil is mostly dependent upon the occurrence and content of free oil within the nano-scaled pore network of shale reservoirs. Due to the nanoporous nature of shale, quantitatively characterizing the occurrence and content of free oil in shale [...] Read more.
The ultimate recovery of shale oil is mostly dependent upon the occurrence and content of free oil within the nano-scaled pore network of shale reservoirs. Due to the nanoporous nature of shale, quantitatively characterizing the occurrence and content of free oil in shale is a formidable undertaking. To tackle this challenge, 12 lacustrine shale samples with diverse organic matter content from the Chang7 Member in the southern Ordos Basin were selected, and the characteristics of free oil occurrence were indirectly characterized by comparing changes in pore structure before and after organic solvent extraction. The free oil enrichment in shale was assessed using the oil saturation index (OSI), corrected oil saturation index (OSIcorr), and percentage of saturated hydrocarbons. The results revealed that slit-like interparticle pores with diameters less than 30 nm are dominant in the Chang7 shale. Conceptual models for the pore structures containing free oil were established for shale with total organic carbon (TOC) content less than 9% and greater than 9%, respectively. Shale samples with TOC content less than 9% exhibit a well-developed pore network characterized by relatively larger pore volume, surface area, and heterogeneity. Conversely, shale samples with TOC content exceeding 9% display a less developed pore network characterized by relatively smaller pore volume, surface area, and heterogeneity. Larger pore volume and lower organic matter abundance favor the enrichment of free oil within the lacustrine shale pore network. This study may have significant implications for understanding oil transport in shales. Full article
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14 pages, 4196 KiB  
Article
Pore Types and Characteristics of Ultra-Deep Shale of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the Eastern Sichuan Basin
by Ruolong Chi, Ping Gao, Yidong Cai, Ruobing Liu, Jinghan Du and Qin Zhou
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6102; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176102 - 22 Aug 2023
Viewed by 667
Abstract
Recently, shale gas exploration of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations (WF-LMX) in the Sichuan Basin has gradually stepped into deep to ultra-deep layers, but the pore types and characteristics of ultra-deep shale still remain unclear. In this study, the WF-LMX ultra-deep organic-rich shale samples in [...] Read more.
Recently, shale gas exploration of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations (WF-LMX) in the Sichuan Basin has gradually stepped into deep to ultra-deep layers, but the pore types and characteristics of ultra-deep shale still remain unclear. In this study, the WF-LMX ultra-deep organic-rich shale samples in the Eastern Sichuan Basin were collected, and the types and development characteristics of shale pores were investigated by using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed that the pores of the WF-LMX ultra-deep shale reservoirs mainly included organic pores, mineral matrix pores (interparticle pores and intraparticle pores), and micro-fractures, which were dominated by organic pores, displaying oval, slit, and irregular shapes and a diameter of mainly 5–45 nm. Organic pores were poorly developed in primary organic matter (e.g., graptolite and radiolarian), while they were well developed in solid bitumen, being the most important nanopore type in shale. The pore development of ultra-deep shale was mainly controlled by the contents of organic matter and brittle minerals. Higher contents of organic matter and quartz are conducive to the development and preservation of organic pores, which are also favorable for ultra-deep shale gas exploration. Full article
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