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Energy Management Strategies of Electrified Vehicles toward the Real-World Driving

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 3140

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
Interests: powertrain control; optimization; dynamical systems; modeling
Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
Interests: powertrain control; optimal control; hybrid electric vehicle; connected and automated vehicle

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Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
Interests: powertrain control; nonlinear control; predictive control; hybrid electric vehicle; connected vehicle

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To maximize the potential in improving the energy efficiency of electrified vehicles, the development of energy management strategies has drawn significant attention for more than two decades. For the electrified powertrains, such as hybrid electric vehicles, energy conservation is achieved by on-board managing the electric machine and the combustion engine properly under the constraint of the driver power demand. Following the last two decades, a lot of researches on the energy management strategies or hybrid powertrain control algorithms attacked the situation with previously known driving routes. This means that at the stage of developing energy optimization strategies, power demand must be known, since the derivation of the strategy is usually formulated as an optimization problem with the constraints decided by the driving route. This is one major reason why the energy management strategies obtained in this way are still out of the real-world driving loop.  The aim of this Special Issue is to bridge the gap between the theoretical development and practical application in energy optimization of the electrified vehicles. We hope this Special Issue will inspire the researchers from the fields of optimization and learning algorithm, system control, and automotive engineering to challenge the issues of energy management and powertrain control strategy targeting practical use in the real world.

Prof. Dr. Tielong Shen
Dr. Fuguo Xu
Dr. Jiangyan Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric vehicles
  • hybrid electric vehicles
  • connected vehicles
  • real-world traffic data
  • energy consumption prediction
  • energy management strategies
  • energy efficiency optimization
  • real-time optimization
  • powertrain control
  • vehicle-to-vehicle
  • vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • traffic prediction
  • data-based learning
  • charging control
  • vehicle-to-grid

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 27434 KiB  
Article
Advanced ECMS for Hybrid Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks with Predictive Battery Discharge and Adaptive Operating Strategy under Real Driving Conditions
by Sven Schulze, Günter Feyerl and Stefan Pischinger
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5171; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135171 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 901
Abstract
To fulfil the CO2 emission reduction targets of the European Union (EU), heavy-duty (HD) trucks need to operate 15% more efficiently by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Their electrification is necessary as conventional HD trucks are already optimized for the long-haul application. [...] Read more.
To fulfil the CO2 emission reduction targets of the European Union (EU), heavy-duty (HD) trucks need to operate 15% more efficiently by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Their electrification is necessary as conventional HD trucks are already optimized for the long-haul application. The resulting hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) truck gains most of the fuel saving potential by the recuperation of potential energy and its consecutive utilization. The key to utilizing the full potential of HEV-HD trucks is to maximize the amount of recuperated energy and ensure its intelligent usage while keeping the operating point of the internal combustion engine as efficient as possible. To achieve this goal, an intelligent energy management strategy (EMS) based on ECMS is developed for a parallel HEV-HD truck which uses predictive discharge of the battery and adaptive operating strategy regarding the height profile and the vehicle mass. The presented EMS can reproduce the global optimal operating strategy over long phases and lead to a fuel saving potential of up to 2% compared with a heuristic strategy. Furthermore, the fuel saving potential is correlated with the investigated boundary conditions to deepen the understanding of the impact of intelligent EMS for HEV-HD trucks. Full article
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15 pages, 8232 KiB  
Article
Energy Saving-Oriented Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows in Disaster Relief
by Peng Xu, Qixing Liu and Yuhu Wu
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1992; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041992 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1449
Abstract
This paper studies the distribution of emergency relief for electric vehicles (EVs), which considers energy saving, multi-depot, and vehicle routing problems with time windows, and the named energy saving-oriented multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows (ESMDVRPTW). Our aim is to find routes [...] Read more.
This paper studies the distribution of emergency relief for electric vehicles (EVs), which considers energy saving, multi-depot, and vehicle routing problems with time windows, and the named energy saving-oriented multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time windows (ESMDVRPTW). Our aim is to find routes for EVs such that all the shelter demands are fulfilled during their time windows and the total cost traveled by the fleet is minimized. To this end, we formulate the ESMDVRPTW as a mixed-integer linear programming model. Since the post-disaster transportation network contains a large number of vertices and arcs composed of vertices, we propose a two-stage approach to solve the ESMDVRPTW. The first stage is to obtain the minimal travel cost between any two vertices in real-time on a post-disaster transportation network using the proposed Floyd algorithm combined with the neighboring list (Floyd-NL algorithm). In the second stage, we develop the genetic algorithm (GA) incorporating large neighborhood search (GA-LNS), which determines the delivery scheme of shelters. Simulation results of the MDVRPTW benchmark illustrate that the performance of the GA-LNS is better than GA, simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS). Finally, case studies are constructed on two real cases acquired from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) generated by the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) in Ichihara city, Japan, and the test results of case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage approach. Full article
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