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13 pages, 3226 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Pull-Up Active-Clamping Wireless Charging Circuit with Low Cost and Voltage Stress

by Bo Pan, Houji Li, Yong Wang and Deshu Zhang

Electronics 2023, 12(13), 2834; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132834 - 27 Jun 2023

Viewed by 772

The traditional single-switch circuit has the advantages of fewer components, no shoot-through problems, and suitability for high-frequency wireless charging applications. However, because of the high voltage stress of the switch, the bulky inductor, and the narrow soft-switching range, its power and applications have [...] Read more.

The traditional single-switch circuit has the advantages of fewer components, no shoot-through problems, and suitability for high-frequency wireless charging applications. However, because of the high voltage stress of the switch, the bulky inductor, and the narrow soft-switching range, its power and applications have some limitations. To relieve this problem, this paper proposes a pull-up active-clamping circuit, which not only offers a low component count with no bulky inductors, but also greatly reduces the switch voltage stress. In addition, a wide range of soft switching can be achieved by designing a primary-side compensation capacitor. A detailed parametric design method is given and compared with existing circuits from the aspects of switch voltage stress, component count, efficiency, cost, and so on. Finally, a 1 MHz, 180 W active-clamping wireless charging system is built to verify the proposed circuit and design method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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17 pages, 2455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Centralized-ZVS Control for Wireless Charging Electric Vehicles Supplied by Parallel Modular Multi-Inverters

by Jing Chen, Ao Zhu, Zhengqing Zhang, Shuai Yu, Rui Li, Weilong Zhang and Jiuqing Cai

Electronics 2023, 12(10), 2209; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102209 - 12 May 2023

Viewed by 951

Abstract

In this paper, a parallel modular multi-inverter (PMMI) topology is proposed to supply high power for wireless charging electric vehicles (EVs). A major challenge in the implementation of PMMI topology is zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for all inverters to avoid high-frequency switching losses. Therefore, [...] Read more.

In this paper, a parallel modular multi-inverter (PMMI) topology is proposed to supply high power for wireless charging electric vehicles (EVs). A major challenge in the implementation of PMMI topology is zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for all inverters to avoid high-frequency switching losses. Therefore, a centralized-ZVS control and master–slave frequency following (MSFF) strategy are presented to realize ZVS for all PMMIs by a single controller structure without extra controllers needed on the slave inverters. Meanwhile, a modeling method directly related to the ZVS angle and operating frequency for an arbitrary number of PMMIs is proposed and linearized to analyze the system dynamic characteristics at the operating point. Additionally, to obtain the desired dynamic performance, an optimal controller coefficient (OCC) configuration method is proposed for the design of controller parameters. Finally, a laboratory wireless power transfer (WPT) prototype supplied by three PMMIs is designed, built, and tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Experimental results show that the ZVS angle of all PMMIs can maintain at the preset value with the desired settling time under designed the PI controller parameters. The measured whole system power transmission efficiency is

94.1 %

at a 10

Ω

load. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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13 pages, 3174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Secondary Side Position for Segmented Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems Based on Primary Phase Angle Sensing

by Wei Xiong, Jiangtao Liu, Jing Chen and Dewang Hu

Electronics 2023, 12(9), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092148 - 08 May 2023

Viewed by 951

Abstract

In dynamic wireless charging systems, the detection of secondary side positions has been attracting much attention in academic research. Due to the strong electromagnetic interference and the presence of foreign objects in the charging area, the use of conventional detection methods such as [...] Read more.

In dynamic wireless charging systems, the detection of secondary side positions has been attracting much attention in academic research. Due to the strong electromagnetic interference and the presence of foreign objects in the charging area, the use of conventional detection methods such as wireless communication and infrared techniques may be problematic; therefore, as an alternative to solve the above problem, a new detection method based on phase angle sensing is proposed in this paper. Through phase analysis of the primary input impedance and by reference to the relationship between the input port phase angle and the secondary side position, the proposed method is able to sense the secondary side position in real time. In addition, an analysis of the sensitivity of the proposed method to parameter variations is also carried out. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed position detection method, a dynamic wireless charging system with four segments is built for experimental verification. The experimental results show that when the phase angle threshold is set at 300°, the secondary side position can be accurately identified, and the proposed method is quite robust within a parameter deviation of up to 4%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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16 pages, 947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Offset High-Voltage Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Many-to-One Topology

by Jing Chen, Rui Li, Shuai Yu, Zhengqing Zhang, Jiuqing Cai, Weilong Zhang and Haijing Sun

Electronics 2023, 12(8), 1898; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081898 - 17 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1267

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of limited semiconductor performance and positioning difficulties in the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of electric vehicles, the paper proposes a many-to-one high-voltage wireless charging anti-offset system. In order to be adapted to high-voltage applications, the system is designed [...] Read more.

Aiming at the problems of limited semiconductor performance and positioning difficulties in the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of electric vehicles, the paper proposes a many-to-one high-voltage wireless charging anti-offset system. In order to be adapted to high-voltage applications, the system is designed with a series input inverter. At the same time, a multi-winding transformer is used to realize the equivalent parallel output of inverters and the function of transmitting power to primary loops. The many-to-one topology aims to expand the positioning range of electric vehicles to realize the anti-offset of wireless charging. In order to analyze the working mechanism of the multi-winding transformer and study the power transmission characteristics of the many-to-one topology, the equivalent circuit analysis and Matlab simulation are carried out, and a laboratory prototype for experimental verification is made. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the paper proposes a hybrid operating mode based on many-to-one WPT topology, which can effectively expand the positioning range of electric vehicles during wireless charging. Both the analytical and experimental results show that the topology proposed in the paper can effectively increase the input voltage of the system for high-voltage scenarios, and effectively expand the positioning range of the WPT system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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15 pages, 4987 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distributed Economic Control Method for Energy Storage Unit with Random Time Delay

by Shi Chen, Qingwu Gong, Jing Chen and Li Fang

Electronics 2023, 12(8), 1770; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081770 - 08 Apr 2023

Viewed by 876

Abstract

The operation cost waste in the charge and discharge process cannot be ignored for islanded microgrids with energy storage units. Different from the economic dispatch methods focused on the power pricing and bid coefficient in the tertiary control layer, this paper designed a [...] Read more.

The operation cost waste in the charge and discharge process cannot be ignored for islanded microgrids with energy storage units. Different from the economic dispatch methods focused on the power pricing and bid coefficient in the tertiary control layer, this paper designed a power management algorithm for the economic operation of energy storage units in the secondary control layer. The strategy is devoted to minimizing the total charge power cost of energy storage units while satisfying the constraint of power balance. Meanwhile, the maximized allowable delay bounds were derived to guarantee the communication network reliability when against random time delays. The system stability was analyzed by the Lyapunov functions. Finally, the numerical simulations on the modified IEEE 30 feeder model verify the superiority of the provided algorithm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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16 pages, 5614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Misalignment-Insensitive Hybrid IPT System with Constant Current Output Based on Parameter Optimization

by Zhaowei Gong, Jingang Li and Xiangqian Tong

Electronics 2023, 12(5), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051138 - 26 Feb 2023

Viewed by 876

Abstract

High misalignment-insensitive capacity is of great importance for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. A hybrid topology based on a parameter optimization design method is presented to obtain constant current output regardless of the coupling and load. DDQ coils are employed to protect against [...] Read more.

High misalignment-insensitive capacity is of great importance for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. A hybrid topology based on a parameter optimization design method is presented to obtain constant current output regardless of the coupling and load. DDQ coils are employed to protect against system key parameter changes, and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method has been presented to achieve a nearly constant current output without using complex control schemes. A hybrid IPT system using DDQ coils has been built. The experimental results verify that the current fluctuation is within 5% when the load varies from 5 Ω to 10 Ω within 50% misalignment of the coupling pads. Moreover, the maximum system DC–DC efficiency is up to 91%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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17 pages, 5883 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Asymmetric Fault-Tolerant Control of 3-Phase Coupled Buck–Boost Converter

by Han Fu, Shanxu Duan, Junyang Bao, Dong Jiang, Hao Fu and Qiqi Li

Electronics 2022, 11(14), 2252; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142252 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

A coupled inductor can optimize the weight of a DC/DC converter while the performance characteristics are complicated. To reduce the influence of system fault and keep the stable operation of the coupled converter, a fault-tolerant strategy is proposed. Firstly, a mathematic model is [...] Read more.

A coupled inductor can optimize the weight of a DC/DC converter while the performance characteristics are complicated. To reduce the influence of system fault and keep the stable operation of the coupled converter, a fault-tolerant strategy is proposed. Firstly, a mathematic model is obtained to compare the difference between a coupled converter and a normal converter. Then, an open-circuit fault process is analyzed for fault detection. To design a proper fault-tolerant control system, transfer functions in asymmetric conditions are analyzed, and the operation of the mode switching is optimized for better a transition process. Finally, the method is verified by simulation and experiment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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18 pages, 4493 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Hybrid Inductive Power Transfer System with High Misalignment Tolerance Using Double-DD Quadrature Pads

by Zhaowei Gong, Jingang Li, Xiangqian Tong and Yongsheng Fu

Electronics 2022, 11(14), 2228; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142228 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1140

Abstract

Inductive power transfer (IPT) has been widely adopted as an efficient and convenient charging manner for both static and in-motion EVs. In this paper, a new hybrid topology is presented to improve the coupling tolerance under pad misalignment. The double inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC-LCC) network [...] Read more.

Inductive power transfer (IPT) has been widely adopted as an efficient and convenient charging manner for both static and in-motion EVs. In this paper, a new hybrid topology is presented to improve the coupling tolerance under pad misalignment. The double inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC-LCC) network and series hybrid network combining the LCC-LCC topology and series-series (SS) topology are connected in parallel to provide better tolerance against self- and mutual inductance changes, particularly with a large Z-axis transmission distance. A double-DD quadrature pad (DD2Q) consists of a Q pad, and double orthogonal DD pads are analyzed in detail, which are employed to decouple the cross-mutual inductance. Moreover, a parametric design method based on the misalignment characteristics of the DD2Q pads is also proposed to maintain relatively constant power output. A 650-W hybrid topology with a fixed operating frequency of 85 kHz was built to verify the system’s feasibility. The size of the DD2Q pads was 280 mm × 280 mm, and the air gap was 100 mm. The results clearly show that the proposed hybrid topology can achieve a fluctuation within 5% in the output current with load varying from 100% full load to 25% light load conditions when the Z-axis transmission distance varies from 80 mm to 150 mm, and the maximum efficiency can reach 91% when the Z-axis transmission distance is 80 mm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Development in Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Grid)

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