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Electronics
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Advances in Chipless RFID Technology
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Advances in Chipless RFID Technology

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 13024

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Milan Švanda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: chipless RFID and sensors; RFID technology; platform tolerant and wearable antennas; special construction of planar antennas
Dr. Jan Kracek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16636 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: electromagnetic field theory; antenna theory; antenna arrays; wireless power transfer; RFID technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to participate in the Special Issue of the MDPI Electronics journal with the title “Advances in Chipless RFID Technology”.

Radiofrequency identification (RFID) is a modern technology whose utilization has gradually expanded into a wide range of identification, tracking, and sensing applications, including the operation of tags attached to lossy dielectric and metallic objects, human bodies, as well as the integration of RFID tags with sensors, etc.

Chipless RFID, using various methods of information storage in passive structures without employing semiconductors, represents an emerging and important class of this technology. It promises to further decrease the complexity and cost of tags. However, researchers in this field face many challenges that need to be met, such as remote sensing of both electrical and non-electrical quantities, operation of tags in a complex environment, high range reading, high capacity for information encoding, manufacturing tags by inkjet or screen printing technology, reliable identification requiring robust detection and calibration methods, etc. It is an emerging research trend with great applicability to up-to-date paradigms of the Internet of Things, healthcare and assisted living equipment, safety tasks in chemical or other industries, etc.

We would like to present the current advances in this topical technology through this Special Issue. Original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include but are not limited to the following:

  • Chipless RFID tags;
  • Chipless RFID sensors of electrical or non-electrical quantities;
  • Platform tolerant and wearable chipless RFID tags;
  • Semipassive chipless RFID tags and sensors;
  • High encoding capacity chipless RFID tags;
  • High read range chipless RFID tags;
  • Inkjet or screen printing technology in chipless RFID;
  • Robust detection and calibration methods for a complex environment in chipless RFID;
  • Chipless RFID reader antennas and systems;
  • Internet of Things in chipless RFID;
  • Review of current chipless RFID technology;
  • Other topics in chipless RFID technology.

Dr. Milan Švanda
Dr. Jan Kracek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Chipless RFID tags/sensors
  • Platform tolerant/wearable tags
  • Semipassive tags/sensors
  • High encoding capacity
  • High read range
  • Inkjet/screen printing
  • Robust detection/calibration methods
  • Complex environment
  • Reader antennas/systems
  • Internet of Things

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4911 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Characterization of Nanostructured Electromagnetic Scatterers for Information Encoding
by Petr Drexler, Dušan Nešpor, Radim Kadlec, Tomáš Kříž and Alois Nebojsa
Electronics 2022, 11(20), 3283; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203283 - 12 Oct 2022
Viewed by 740
Abstract
Nanostructured scattering arrays for the optical spectral domain can be used as passive tags for information encoding, similarly to the manner in which RFID technology does. Setting up their specific spectral response depends on their geometry and the properties of the building materials. [...] Read more.
Nanostructured scattering arrays for the optical spectral domain can be used as passive tags for information encoding, similarly to the manner in which RFID technology does. Setting up their specific spectral response depends on their geometry and the properties of the building materials. The primary design can be provided by using an analytical calculation procedure that is more straightforward and simpler than a numerical simulation. However, the question arises as to the validity of the results. Both approaches are examined in this article. Complementary scatterer arrays were designed using simplified analytical calculation and by means of numerical modeling. The experimental samples were fabricated by the focused ion beam milling of a gold film on a glass substrate and characterized by a spectroscopic system. The results of the analytical calculations, the numerical simulations, and the experimental measurements were compared. On the basis of the comparison, it was observed that for quick array design, both approaches can be used with satisfactory accuracy. Moreover, the simple numerical model also proved the possibility of the identification of the basic dipole mode splitting. Focused ion beam milling was shown to be suitable for the rapid production of complementary scatterer arrays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chipless RFID Technology)
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10 pages, 3353 KiB  
Article
Chipless RFID Sensing System for Precise Ethanol Determination in Alcoholic Solutions
by Viviana Mulloni, Giada Marchi, Leandro Lorenzelli and Massimo Donelli
Electronics 2022, 11(5), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050735 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1972
Abstract
The paper presents a new methodology to assess the ethanol content in water solutions. The system exploits a microwave resonator embedded in a polycarbonate sampling cell. The resonator frequency depends on the ethanol percentage and is monitored in real-time through a non-contacting probe. [...] Read more.
The paper presents a new methodology to assess the ethanol content in water solutions. The system exploits a microwave resonator embedded in a polycarbonate sampling cell. The resonator frequency depends on the ethanol percentage and is monitored in real-time through a non-contacting probe. The method shows a precision better than 1% in ethanol percentage in the range of 1–30%, but can be applied also outside this range. Moreover, the methodology can be further improved or adapted for the analysis of other types of aqueous solutions or liquid mixtures upon evaluation of their dielectric properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chipless RFID Technology)
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18 pages, 4670 KiB  
Article
Development of Enhanced Range, High Q, Passive, Chipless RFID Tags for Continuous Monitoring and Sensing Applications
by Aiswarya S, Sreedevi K. Menon and Massimo Donelli
Electronics 2022, 11(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010127 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2675
Abstract
A high Q planar chipless RFID tag with high sensitivity is proposed for communication applications. In particular, the tag structure is composed of a complementary spiral structure (CSS) that is able to provide high sensitivity and compactness. A semi analytical formula for the [...] Read more.
A high Q planar chipless RFID tag with high sensitivity is proposed for communication applications. In particular, the tag structure is composed of a complementary spiral structure (CSS) that is able to provide high sensitivity and compactness. A semi analytical formula for the design of a single bit tag is derived, and the behaviour of the CSS is analysed for different dielectric substrates. Different tags, composed of up to a set of eight resonators, have been numerically and experimentally assessed. In particular, a system prototype composed of a reader and a set of tags are fabricated and experimentally assessed as a proof of concept. The system provided an operative range of tens of centimetres (a maximum operative range of 65 cm). The obtained results are quite promising and the agreement between simulated and measured results are found to be good. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chipless RFID Technology)
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8 pages, 585 KiB  
Article
Improving the Sensitivity of Chipless RFID Sensors: The Case of a Low-Humidity Sensor
by Giada Marchi, Viviana Mulloni, Omar Hammad Ali, Leandro Lorenzelli and Massimo Donelli
Electronics 2021, 10(22), 2861; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222861 - 20 Nov 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
This study is supposed to introduce a valid strategy for increasing the sensitivity of chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) encoders. The idea is to properly select the dielectric substrate in order to enhance the contribution of the sensitive layer and to maximize the [...] Read more.
This study is supposed to introduce a valid strategy for increasing the sensitivity of chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) encoders. The idea is to properly select the dielectric substrate in order to enhance the contribution of the sensitive layer and to maximize the frequency shift of the resonance peak. The specific case of a chipless sensor suitable for the detection of humidity in low-humidity regimes will be investigated both with numerical and experimental tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chipless RFID Technology)
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11 pages, 1740 KiB  
Article
3D-Printed Quasi-Absolute Electromagnetic Encoders for Chipless-RFID and Motion Control Applications
by Ferran Paredes, Cristian Herrojo and Ferran Martín
Electronics 2021, 10(10), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101154 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1810
Abstract
This paper presents electromagnetic encoders useful for chipless-RFID and motion control applications. The encoders consist in a pair of linear chains of rectangular apertures implemented by means of 3D printing. One of these chains is periodic and acts as a clock, whereas the [...] Read more.
This paper presents electromagnetic encoders useful for chipless-RFID and motion control applications. The encoders consist in a pair of linear chains of rectangular apertures implemented by means of 3D printing. One of these chains is periodic and acts as a clock, whereas the other chain contains an identification (ID) code. With these two aperture chains, the ID code can be synchronously read, so that the relative velocity between the tag and the reader is irrelevant. Additionally, it is shown in the paper that by properly designing the reader, it is possible to determine the motion direction. The sensitive part of the reader is a microstrip line loaded with three complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) etched in the ground plane and fed by three harmonic signals. By encoder motion, the characteristics of the local medium surrounding the CSRRs are modified, and the harmonic signals are amplitude modulated (AM) at the output port of the line, thereby providing the clock signal (which gives the encoder velocity), the ID code (providing also the quasi-absolute position) and the direction of motion. A fabricated prototype encoder is characterized by reading it with a dedicated reader. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chipless RFID Technology)
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16 pages, 5197 KiB  
Article
High-Q Slot Resonator Used in Chipless Tag Design
by Nengyu Huang, Jiaxiang Chen and Zhonghua Ma
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091119 - 09 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2375
Abstract
A retransmission chipless tag with multiple U-shaped slot resonators is proposed to cut down the cost of traditional tags with chips. Multiple side-by-side U-shaped slot structures of different lengths are printed on the microstrip line, and the two terminals of the microstrip line [...] Read more.
A retransmission chipless tag with multiple U-shaped slot resonators is proposed to cut down the cost of traditional tags with chips. Multiple side-by-side U-shaped slot structures of different lengths are printed on the microstrip line, and the two terminals of the microstrip line are connected correspondingly with two orthogonal ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver antennas to form the retransmission chipless tag. The U-shaped slot resonator has high Q values and narrow impedance bandwidth. The bandwidth that each resonator adds to the protection bandwidth is 300 MHz. Several 6-bit coding U-shaped slot resonator chipless tags are designed and fabricated for comparison and measurement. Results show that the simulation and the measurement are in agreement. The slot width of the U-shaped slot resonator and the distance between the resonators are reduced, resulting in deepened spectrum notch depth of the resonator. Decreasing the dielectric constant of the substrate or increasing the thickness of the substrate increases the spectrum notch depth of the resonator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chipless RFID Technology)
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