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Diversity
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Diversity, Occurrence and Distribution of Foodborne Pathogens
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Diversity, Occurrence and Distribution of Foodborne Pathogens

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbial Diversity and Culture Collections".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 3404

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tomasz Grenda

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
Interests: veterinary microbiology; foodborne pathogens; pathogenic Clostridia; Clostridial diseases; Clostridium botulinum; molecular biology; food and feed hygiene
Dr. Karol Stasiak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
Interests: veterinary microbiology; PCR; veterinary virology; molecular virology; virus diseases; diagnostic; applied virology; equid herpesvirus 1
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Kwiatek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, The National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
Interests: veterinary microbiology; foodborne pathogens; food and feed hygiene; microbiological food and feed safety; microbial risk analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Foodborne pathogens are significant microbial contaminants of food and feed that cause large numbers of health disturbances in humans and animals. They establish highly diverse microbial communities with different methods of transmission. These communities include pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as a parasites. Some of them are invasive, infectious, and zoonotic, and the others are able to release toxins which cause deadly threats for humans and animals, as well as high economic losses for food and feed producers. The mentioned diversity of pathogens needs different strategies to be applied in order to ensure feed and food safety in each link of the food chain. During elaboration of such strategies, factors such as environment and virulence acquisition should be taken into account. The understanding of foodborne pathogen diversity on different levels (environmental, molecular, metabolic) plays an important role in the effective control of the occurrence of potential foodborne outbreaks. The aim of this Special Issue is to get closer to understanding the diverse factors influencing the epidemiological potential of foodborne pathogens. Papers on the following topics are especially appreciated:

  • Diversity of foodborne pathogens on the physiological and genetic level;
  • Predictive models of foodborne pathogen behaviour in diverse environments;
  • Diversity of antibiotic resistance of various microbial communities and its link with diverse environmental factors;
  • Diversity of foodborne pathogen occurrence in different food and feed materials;
  • Diversity of methods of transmission of foodborne pathogens through different links of the food chain.

Dr. Tomasz Grenda
Dr. Karol Stasiak
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Kwiatek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diversity is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • foodborne pathogens
  • microbial diversity
  • epidemiology
  • microbial food contamination
  • microbial feed contamination
  • food and feed safety
  • food chain

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2877 KiB  
Article
Growth and Genome Features of Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Three Species of Common Freshwater Fish
by Xinchi Qin, Lianzhi Yang, Yingwei Xu, Lu Xie, Yongjie Wang and Lanming Chen
Diversity 2024, 16(5), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16050268 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 227
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera in humans. The bacterium is frequently detected in aquatic products worldwide. However, the current literature on the genome evolution of V. cholerae of aquatic animal origins is limited. Here, we firstly characterized the growth and [...] Read more.
Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera in humans. The bacterium is frequently detected in aquatic products worldwide. However, the current literature on the genome evolution of V. cholerae of aquatic animal origins is limited. Here, we firstly characterized the growth and genome features of V. cholerae isolates with different resistance phenotypes from three species of common freshwater fish. The results revealed that the non-O1/O139 V. cholerae isolates (n = 4) were halophilic and grew optimally at 2% NaCl and pH 8.0. Their draft genome sequences were 3.89 Mb–4.15 Mb with an average GC content of 47.35–47.63%. Approximately 3366–3561 genes were predicted to encode proteins, but 14.9–17.3% of them were of an unknown function. A number of strain-specific genes (n = 221–311) were found in the four V. cholerae isolates, 3 of which belonged to none of any of the known sequence types (STs). Several putative mobile genetic elements (MGEs) existed in the V. cholerae isolates, including genomic islands (n = 4–9), prophages (n = 0–3), integrons (n = 1–1), and insertion sequences (n = 0–3). Notably, CRISPR-Cas system arrays (n = 2–10) were found in the V. cholerae genomes, whereby the potential immunity defense system could be active. Comparative genomic analyses also revealed many putative virulence-associated genes (n = 106–122) and antibiotic resistance-related genes (n = 6–9). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the bacterial broader-spectrum growth traits and fill prior gaps in the genomes of V. cholerae originating from freshwater fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Occurrence and Distribution of Foodborne Pathogens)
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17 pages, 8125 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbial Community Structure of Three Tropical Sea Cucumber Species
by Yanan Wang, Yue Zhang, Chenghao Jia, Qiang Xu, Yun Rong, Zening Xu, Yuanhang Wang and Fei Gao
Diversity 2023, 15(7), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070855 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1276
Abstract
Based on 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology, the microbial community structure in the gut of three tropical sea cucumber species, Holothuria atra, Stichopus chloronotus, and S. monotuberculatus, and their habitat sediments were analyzed. The OTUs in the gut contents [...] Read more.
Based on 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology, the microbial community structure in the gut of three tropical sea cucumber species, Holothuria atra, Stichopus chloronotus, and S. monotuberculatus, and their habitat sediments were analyzed. The OTUs in the gut contents of S. monotuberculatus, S. chloronotus, H. atra, and their sediments were 2489 ± 447, 1912 ± 235, 1628 ± 150, and 4162 ± 94, respectively. According to alpha diversity analysis (Ace, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson), the richness and diversity of microflora in the gut of all three sea cucumber species were significantly lower than that in sediments (p < 0.01). Anosim analysis showed that the intra-group differences were less than the inter-group differences (R > 0), and the microbial community composition of the sediment was distinctly different from those of three sea cucumber species (p < 0.05). UPGMA tree and Anosim analysis also revealed that the gut microbial communities of H. atra and S. chloronotus were more similar than that of S. monotuberculatus. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in all samples, and there was no significant difference in relative abundance among all groups. Actinobacteria was also a dominant phylum, and the relative abundance in S. chloronotus was significantly higher than that in other samples (p < 0.05). Potential probiotics and sequences related to Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas that may be developed for sea cucumber culture were also found in the study. It is speculated that the main reason for the difference in microbial communities between gut microbiota and environmental sediments may be the unique and quite different environment in the digestive tract of sea cucumbers. Whereas, the differences in gut microbiota among the three sea cucumber species were caused by selective feeding. These findings may provide basic data for tropical sea cucumber gut microflora studies and assist in the sea ranching and aquaculture development of the tropical sea cucumber species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Occurrence and Distribution of Foodborne Pathogens)
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Review

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13 pages, 664 KiB  
Review
Molecular Diversity of BoNT-Producing Clostridia—A Still-Emerging and Challenging Problem
by Tomasz Grenda, Aleksandra Jarosz, Magdalena Sapała, Karol Stasiak, Anna Grenda, Piotr Domaradzki and Krzysztof Kwiatek
Diversity 2023, 15(3), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030392 - 09 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1342
Abstract
The diversity of BoNT-producing Clostridia is still a worrying problem for specialists who explore the evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of C. botulinum. It is also a problem for epidemiologists and laboratory staff conducting investigations into foodborne botulism in humans and animals, because [...] Read more.
The diversity of BoNT-producing Clostridia is still a worrying problem for specialists who explore the evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of C. botulinum. It is also a problem for epidemiologists and laboratory staff conducting investigations into foodborne botulism in humans and animals, because their genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity cause complications in choosing the proper analytical tools and in reliably interpreting results. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by several bacterial groups that meet all the criteria of distinct species. Despite this, the historical designation of C. botulinum as the one species that produces botulinum toxins is still exploited. New genetic tools such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) indicate horizontal gene transfer and the occurrence of botulinum gene clusters that are not limited only to Clostridium spp., but also to Gram-negative aerobic species. The literature data regarding the mentioned heterogeneity of BoNT-producing Clostridia indicate the requirement to reclassify C. botulinum species and other microorganisms able to produce BoNTs or possessing botulinum-like gene clusters. The aim of this study was to present the problem of the diversity of BoNT-producing Clostridia over time and new trends toward obtaining a reliable classification of these microorganisms, based on a complex review of the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Occurrence and Distribution of Foodborne Pathogens)
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