Methods to Strengthen Protected Area Conservation and Management on the National Level

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Biogeography and Macroecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 3502

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Interests: species conservation; protected area management

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Guest Editor
Independent Researcher, Petchburi 76120, Thailand
Interests: biodiversity; conservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Protected areas represent an important component of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the UN Framework Convention to Combat Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (also called the Ramsar Convention), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the World Heritage Convention, and many other such pacts, including regional agreements. These international efforts have played important roles in encourage countries across the world to establish protected areas. However, for many developing countries, the establishment of protected areas is driven by the implementation of international convention responsibilities instead of internal needs; therefore, motivation for providing funds and staff to enhance the effective management of these areas is low, and the level of management of protected areas in some countries is highly dependent on international funding. This is why there are many “paper-protected areas”.

The country is the most powerful management instrument in the world, and it is important to understand the problems, opportunities, and best practices involved in protected area management on the national level. It is essential to strengthen research on, and acknowledge the need to establish, protected areas on the national level in order to improve the awareness of national governments about the importance of protected areas. There are many opportunities to promote friendly development in and around protected areas via national certification mechanisms that bring benefits to local people who participate conservation. These efforts would encourage governments to mobilize national resources and engage their people, motivating them to participate in and support protected area conservation.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following aspects on the national scale: the challenges of protected area management in developing countries; clear and convincing social and economic benefits that protected areas provide via complex interactions between plants, animals and ecosystems; the ways in which ecosystem services benefit all people in a country; the amount of protected area coverage required for a given country; best practices aiming to improve protected area conservation and management in developing countries; diversified biodiversity conservation and protected area management in different countries; and the promotion of protected area friendly development on the national level.

Dr. Yan Xie
Prof. Jeffrey A. McNeely
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Effectively Incorporating Small Reserves into National Systems of Protected and Conserved Areas
by Nigel Dudley, Hannah L. Timmins, Sue Stolton and James E. M. Watson
Diversity 2024, 16(4), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040216 - 31 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1729
Abstract
Received wisdom has argued that large protected areas are superior to small reserves, based on island biogeography theory, economies of scale, and the need to sustain viable populations of top predators and other large ranging or dispersive species. But this position overlooks evidence [...] Read more.
Received wisdom has argued that large protected areas are superior to small reserves, based on island biogeography theory, economies of scale, and the need to sustain viable populations of top predators and other large ranging or dispersive species. But this position overlooks evidence that, for many species, strategically placed smaller reserves are extremely important, especially in areas highly altered by humans. Many countries are reluctant or unable to designate additional large protected areas. We provide evidence that carefully designed support networks of smaller protected areas can be an important complement to activities to reach the Global Biodiversity Framework’s target of 30% of the planet in protected and conserved areas by 2030. We identify seven benefits from small reserves, when correctly located and well-managed: (1) conserving critical habitat of range-limited or relic species; (2) conserving remaining areas of sensitive or threatened habitat in altered ecosystems; (3) conserving habitat for sensitive, time-limited lifecycle stages, such as raptor nesting sites and fish spawning grounds; (4) maintaining and enabling connectivity by providing stepping stones of suitable habitat through inhospitable ecosystems; (5) providing increased protection for critical habitat within Category V protected landscapes and seascapes to boost their overall conservation potential; (6) taking advantage of conservation opportunities at cultural sites, sacred natural sites, and other faith-based sites in transformed landscapes; (7) integrating different management approaches and governance types in a range of connected small reserves to multiply conservation impacts. We propose a typology based on these benefits that can guide steps for policy makers to help plan and monitor small reserves in area-based conservation efforts. Using these principles, the role of small reserves in area-based conservation efforts can be further enhanced. Full article
20 pages, 10936 KiB  
Article
Water Reserves for the Environment: A Strategic and Temporal Analysis (2012–2022) for the Implementation of Environmental Flows in Mexico
by Sergio A. Salinas-Rodríguez and Anuar I. Martínez Pacheco
Diversity 2024, 16(3), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16030190 - 21 Mar 2024
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Abstract
In Mexico, the evaluations of environmental flows are regulated by the Mexican Norm NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012, and they warrant the establishment of water reserves for the environment. However, the pressure or demand for water use limits the establishment of said reserves because their implementation is [...] Read more.
In Mexico, the evaluations of environmental flows are regulated by the Mexican Norm NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012, and they warrant the establishment of water reserves for the environment. However, the pressure or demand for water use limits the establishment of said reserves because their implementation is generally conditioned to water availability. This research aimed to evaluate the changes through time of the variables that serve as a basis for the implementation strategy by the Mexican government. A geographical information system was built with updated information on water availability, conservation values, and pressures for all basins nationwide. Their desired conservation status was analyzed, and the potential reserves were estimated based on the reference values. The results were examined according to the ranking changes in environmental water reserves enactment feasibility and desired conservation status of Mexican basins, the progress achieved to date, and the potential contribution to the conservation of protected areas and their connectivity if the gaps of reserves were implemented. The outcomes point towards an administrative implementation strategy with positive results despite the growing demand for water use, with a change rate higher than the one for the creation of new protected areas. Currently, basins with low demand and high conservation value have the potential to meet people’s and the environment’s water needs, and contribute to 86% of the goal set by the present administration without affecting water availability. Finally, reserving water in the priority basins would guarantee the legal protection of the flow regime in 48–50% of the hydrographic network (63,760–66,900 km) in a desired conservation status, 43–49% of wetlands of international importance (48,650–49,600 km2) and other protected areas (128,700–136,500 km2) in 85–89% of the global ecoregions represented in Mexico (780,500–852,200 km2). Full article
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