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Children
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Application of Pulmonary Ultrasonography in Children
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Application of Pulmonary Ultrasonography in Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 October 2024 | Viewed by 5224

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Raffaella Nenna

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: coeliac disease; growth pattern; infants; bronchiolitis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing applications of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of several pulmonary diseases in children provide a clear example of how a method that was long considered to be unsuitable for a particular use can become a very useful tool if properly used and interpreted.

Pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, bronchiolitis, and respiratory distress syndrome in newborns are only some of the diseases for which a specific ultrasound pattern has been described and for which lung ultrasound has proven to be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of these diseases.

Newborns and children represent ideal subjects for the application of this method due to their small chest size and the benefits related to the possibility of reducing the exposure of young patients to ionizing radiation. Moreover, the possibility  of interpreting results in real time and being able to perform this method at bedside makes it particularly useful in emergency rooms and in intensive care units for the differential diagnosis of the many causes of respiratory distress in children and infants, many of which are often life-threatening, as well as for the monitoring of pulmonary involvement in the course of Sars-Cov2 infection.

In this Special Issue, we welcome research articles on lung ultrasound that are related to:

  • Lung ultrasound in neonatal respiratory distress;
  • Lung ultrasound as a guide for invasive procedures;
  • Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of complicated and uncomplicated pneumonia;
  • Lung ultrasound and bronchiolitis;
  • Lung ultrasound and Sars-Cov2 infection;
  • Quantitative lung ultrasound;
  • Lung ultrasound in emergency departments and intensive care units;
  • Lung ultrasound and lung disease follow up.

Dr. Raffaella Nenna
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lung ultrasound in neonatal respiratory distress
  • lung ultrasound as a guide for invasive procedures
  • lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of complicated and uncomplicated pneumonia
  • lung ultrasound and bronchiolitis
  • lung ultrasound and Sars-Cov2 infection
  • quantitative lung ultrasound
  • lung ultrasound in emergency departments and intensive care units
  • lung ultrasound and lung disease follow up

Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 1197 KiB  
Article
One Year of Lung Ultrasound in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to a Tertiary Referral Children’s Hospital: A Retrospective Study during 2020–2021
by Anna Maria Musolino, Valentina Ferro, Maria Chiara Supino, Elena Boccuzzi, Simona Scateni, Serena Sinibaldi, Laura Cursi, Paolo Maria Salvatore Schingo, Antonino Reale, Andrea Campana, Massimiliano Raponi, Alberto Villani and Paolo Tomà
Children 2022, 9(5), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050761 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lung ultrasound (LU) turned out to be a pivotal tool to study the lung involvement in the adult population, but the same was not well evaluated in children. We detected the LU patterns through an integrated approach with [...] Read more.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lung ultrasound (LU) turned out to be a pivotal tool to study the lung involvement in the adult population, but the same was not well evaluated in children. We detected the LU patterns through an integrated approach with clinical–laboratory features in children hospitalized for COVID-19 in relation to the temporal trend of the Italian epidemic. We conducted a retrospective study which took place at a pediatric tertiary hospital from 15 March 2020 to 15 March 2021. We compared the characteristics of the initial phase of the first COVID-19 year—in the spring and summer (15 March–30 September 2020)—and those of the second phase—in the autumn and winter (1 October 2020–15 March 2021). Twenty-eight patients were studied both in the first and in the second phase of the first COVID-19 year. The disease severity score (DSS) was significantly greater in the second phase (p = 0.015). In the second phase of the first COVID-19 year, we detected a more significant occurrence of the following LU features than in the first phase: the irregular pleural line (85.71% vs. 60.71%; p = 0.035), the B-lines (89.29% vs. 60%; p = 0.003) and the several but non-coalescent B-lines (89.29% vs. 60%; p = 0.003). The LU score correlated significantly with the DSS, with a moderate relationship (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). The combined clinical, laboratory and ultrasound approaches might be essential in the evaluation of pulmonary involvement in children affected by COVID-19 during different periods of the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Pulmonary Ultrasonography in Children)
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9 pages, 2308 KiB  
Case Report
Lung Recruitment Maneuvers Assessment by Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
by Mireia Mor Conejo, Carmina Guitart Pardellans, Elena Fresán Ruiz, Daniel Penela Sánchez, Francisco José Cambra Lasaosa, Iolanda Jordan Garcia, Mònica Balaguer Gargallo and Martí Pons-Òdena
Children 2022, 9(6), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060789 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2607
Abstract
The use of recruitment maneuvers (RMs) is suggested to improve severe oxygenation failure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a non-invasive, safe, and easily repeatable tool. It could be used to monitor the lung recruitment process in [...] Read more.
The use of recruitment maneuvers (RMs) is suggested to improve severe oxygenation failure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a non-invasive, safe, and easily repeatable tool. It could be used to monitor the lung recruitment process in real-time. This paper aims to evaluate bedside LUS for assessing PEEP-induced pulmonary reaeration during RMs in pediatric patients. A case of a child with severe ARDS due to Haemophilus influenzae infection is presented. Due to his poor clinical, laboratory, and radiological evolution, he was placed on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Despite all measures, severe pulmonary collapse prevented proper improvement. Thus, RMs were indicated, and bedside LUS was successfully used for monitoring and assessing lung recruitment. The initial lung evaluation before the maneuver showed a tissue pattern characterized by a severe loss of lung aeration with dynamic air bronchograms and multiple coalescent B-lines. While raising a PEEP of 30 mmH2O, LUS showed the presence of A-lines, which was considered a predictor of reaeration in response to the recruitment maneuver. The LUS pattern could be used to assess modifications in the lung aeration, evaluate the effectiveness of RMs, and prevent lung overdistension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Pulmonary Ultrasonography in Children)
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