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Catalysts
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Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants
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Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 13373

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kun-Yi Andrew Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Interests: environmental catalysis, energy conversion, MOFs, air pollution, AOPs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air pollution has been posing serious and extensive threats to human health, ecology, and even the economy. While various air pollution control technologies have been developed, catalysis represents one of the most practical and efficient methods to mitigate the negative impacts of air pollutants. Specifically, catalytic oxidization and reduction processes have become key to eliminating the emissions of gaseous pollutants. As catalysts—especially heterogeneous catalysts—play crucial roles in these catalytic reactions of air pollution control, the design, development, and fabrication of efficient and advantageous catalysts are focuses in environmental chemical engineering to offer a sustainable solution to control air pollution. Thus, this Special Issue is seeking original works that describe recent advances and efforts in designing and fabricating novel catalysts for air pollution control and elucidating relationships between characteristics and catalytic activities of catalysts to offer insights into catalysis science and materials technology.

We invite articles that address new advances in air pollution control technologies. We welcome the submission of works on topics including but not limited to the following for this Special Issue: the development of catalysts for oxidation processes of air pollutants (e.g., VOC, soot, etc.), the development of catalysts for reduction processes of air pollutants (e.g., NOx), catalytic indoor air quality control technologies, emissions and control technologies for vehicles, and integrated pollution control for CO2 and other air pollutants.

Prof. Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heterogeneous catalysts
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • air pollutants
  • environmental catalysis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4937 KiB  
Article
Coke Deposition and Structural Changes of Pellet V2O5/NaY-SiO2 in Air Regeneration: The Effects of Temperature on Regeneration
by Chu-Chin Hsieh, Jyong-Sian Tsai, Hwo-Shuenn Sheu and Jen-Ray Chang
Catalysts 2022, 12(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12010095 - 14 Jan 2022
Viewed by 1472
Abstract
V2O5/NaY-SiO2 adsorbents were prepared by soaking up vanadium oxalate precursors into pellet NaY-SiO2. The NaY-SiO2 supports were prepared from NaY-SiO2 dough followed by extrusion and calcination at 450 °C. Ethanol was used as a [...] Read more.
V2O5/NaY-SiO2 adsorbents were prepared by soaking up vanadium oxalate precursors into pellet NaY-SiO2. The NaY-SiO2 supports were prepared from NaY-SiO2 dough followed by extrusion and calcination at 450 °C. Ethanol was used as a model adsorbate to test the performance of the adsorbents. The regeneration efficacy, defined as the ratio of the adsorption capacity of a regenerated adsorbent to that of the fresh adsorbent, was investigated through the dynamics of fixed-bed adsorption (breakthrough curve). TPO, DSC, and FT-IR were used to characterize carbonaceous species on the adsorbents; meanwhile, synchrotron XRPD, XAS, and the N2 isotherm were used to characterize the zeolite, vanadia structure, and surface area, respectively. The results indicated that in low temperature (300 °C) regeneration, adsorption sites covered by alkylated aromatic coke formed during regeneration, causing adsorbent deactivation. In contrast, during regeneration at a high temperature (450 °C), the deactivation was caused by the destruction of the NaY framework concomitant with channel blockage, as suggested by the BET surface area combined with Rietvelt XRPD refinement results. In addition, the appearance of V-O-V contribution in the EXAFS spectra indicated the aggregation of isolated VO4, which led to a decrease in the combustion rate of the carbonaceous species deposited on the adsorbents. For regeneration at 350 and 400 °C, only trace coke formation and minor structural destruction were observed. Long-term life tests indicated that regeneration at 400 °C presents a higher maintenance of stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants)
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34 pages, 11313 KiB  
Article
Stabilization of Pt in SiO2–Al2O3 Microspheres at High Mechanical Resistance, Promoted with W Oxides for the Combustion of CO
by Arturo Pallares-García, José Luis Contreras, Jennipher Pérez-Cabrera, Beatriz Zeifert, Tamara Vázquez, José Salmones and Miguel Angel Gutiérrez-Limón
Catalysts 2021, 11(11), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111320 - 30 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1835
Abstract
This study shows the development of a combustion promoter for the oil-refining process called fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The investigation of a catalyst prepared for the combustion of CO composed of 0.05 wt% Pt supported on SiO2–Al2O3–0.5 [...] Read more.
This study shows the development of a combustion promoter for the oil-refining process called fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The investigation of a catalyst prepared for the combustion of CO composed of 0.05 wt% Pt supported on SiO2–Al2O3–0.5 wt% W microspheres with high mechanical resistance, promoted with tungsten oxides (WOx) that can inhibit the sintering of Pt, is reported. The addition of WOx in SiO2–Al2O3 inhibited the decrease in the specific area when calcined from 550 °C to 950 °C. SiO2–Al2O3 support in the form of calcined microspheres with average diameters between 70–105 µm were produced by spray drying, using two atomization discs with vanes of different geometry: a straight rectangular blade disc (DAR) and a curved rectangular vanes disc (DAC). The DAR disk produced whole microspheres, while the DAC had hollow and broken microspheres. The microspheres were characterized by XRD, SEM, optical microscopy, N2 physisorption (BET area) and fracture resistance tests. The Pt catalysts were evaluated by TPR, H2 chemisorption and CO combustion. The catalyst of 0.05 wt% Pt/SiO2–Al2O3–0.5 wt% turned out to be the most stable. A thermal stabilization effect was observed at contents lower than 1 wt% W that allowed it to inhibit the sintering of the Pt catalyst. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants)
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17 pages, 3774 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Catalytic Soot Oxidation by Ce-Based MOF-Derived Ceria Nano-Bar with Promoted Oxygen Vacancy
by Yu-Chih Tsai, Jechan Lee, Eilhann Kwon, Chao-Wei Huang, Nguyen Nhat Huy, Siming You, Pei-Syuan Hsu, Wen Da Oh and Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
Catalysts 2021, 11(9), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11091128 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2928
Abstract
As CeO2 is a useful catalyst for soot elimination, it is important to develop CeO2 with higher contact areas, and reactivities for efficient soot oxidation and catalytic soot oxidation are basically controlled by structures and surface properties of catalysts. Herein, a [...] Read more.
As CeO2 is a useful catalyst for soot elimination, it is important to develop CeO2 with higher contact areas, and reactivities for efficient soot oxidation and catalytic soot oxidation are basically controlled by structures and surface properties of catalysts. Herein, a Ce-Metal organic framework (MOFs) consisting of Ce and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) is employed as the precursor as CeBTC exhibits a unique bar-like high-aspect-ratio morphology, which is then transformed into CeO2 with a nanoscale bar-like configuration. More importantly, this CeO2 nanobar (CeONB) possesses porou, and even hollow structures, as well as more oxygen vacancies, enabling CeONB to become a promising catalyst for soot oxidation. Thus, CeONB shows a much higher catalytic activity than commercial CeO2 nanoparticle (comCeO) for soot oxidation with a significantly lower ignition temperature (Tig). Moreover, while soot oxidation by comCeO leads to production of CO together with CO2, CeONB can completely convert soot to CO2. The tight contact mode also enables CeONB to exhibit a very low Tig of 310 °C, whereas the existence of NO also enhances the soot oxidation by CeONB to reduce the Tig. The mechanism of NO-assisted soot oxidation is also examined, and validated by DRIFTS to identify the formation and transformation of nitrogen-containing intermediates. CeONB is also recyclable over many consecutive cycles and maintained its high catalytic activity for soot oxidation. These results demonstrate that CeONB is a promising and easily prepared high-aspect-ratio Ce-based catalyst for soot oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants)
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19 pages, 3627 KiB  
Article
Insight into the Promoting Role of Er Modification on SO2 Resistance for NH3-SCR at Low Temperature over FeMn/TiO2 Catalysts
by Huan Du, Zhitao Han, Xitian Wu, Chenglong Li, Yu Gao, Shaolong Yang, Liguo Song, Jingming Dong and Xinxiang Pan
Catalysts 2021, 11(5), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050618 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalysts were prepared through the wet impregnation method, and their NH3-SCR activities were tested. The results showed that Er modification could obviously promote SO2 resistance of FeMn/TiO2 catalysts at a low temperature. The promoting effect and [...] Read more.
Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalysts were prepared through the wet impregnation method, and their NH3-SCR activities were tested. The results showed that Er modification could obviously promote SO2 resistance of FeMn/TiO2 catalysts at a low temperature. The promoting effect and mechanism were explored in detail using various techniques, such as BET, XRD, H2-TPR, XPS, TG, and in-situ DRIFTS. The characterization results indicated that Er modification on FeMn/TiO2 catalysts could increase the Mn4+ concentration and surface chemisorbed labile oxygen ratio, which was favorable for NO oxidation to NO2, further accelerating low-temperature SCR activity through the “fast SCR” reaction. As fast SCR reaction could accelerate the consumption of adsorbed NH3 species, it would benefit to restrain the competitive adsorption of SO2 and limit the reaction between adsorbed SO2 and NH3 species. XPS results indicated that ammonium sulfates and Mn sulfates formed were found on Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalyst surface seemed much less than those on FeMn/TiO2 catalyst surface, suggested that Er modification was helpful for reducing the generation or deposition of sulfate salts on the catalyst surface. According to in-situ DRIFTS the results of, the presence of SO2 in feeding gas imposed a stronger impact on the NO adsorption than NH3 adsorption on Lewis acid sites of Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalysts, gradually making NH3-SCR reaction to proceed in E–R mechanism rather than L–H mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants)
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14 pages, 5666 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Solid Deposit Inside L-Type Urea Injector and NOx Conversion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
by Muhammad Khristamto Aditya Wardana and Ocktaeck Lim
Catalysts 2021, 11(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050595 - 04 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2953
Abstract
The heavy-duty diesel engine is used in the main transportation vehicles in Korea to deliver products from various companies; however, diesel engines produce enormous quantities of nitrogen oxide (NOx), which harms human health. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a [...] Read more.
The heavy-duty diesel engine is used in the main transportation vehicles in Korea to deliver products from various companies; however, diesel engines produce enormous quantities of nitrogen oxide (NOx), which harms human health. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a common solution to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines; however, heavy-duty diesel engines produce more NOx than can be dealt with using an SCR and thus require investigations into effective NOx reduction solutions. This study investigated 12,000 cc heavy-duty diesel engines from Hyundai using the 1000 rpm engine operation to produce 1330 ppm of NOx emission. The ammonia generation process was assessed by the amount of ammonia produced; the amount of ammonia gas was identified by 19 gas sensors on the catalyst surface; the effectiveness of the mixing process between the ammonia and the NOx in the system was determined by the NOx conversion values from a gas analyzer. Comparison between the experiment and simulation results shows the ammonia and NOx values and elucidates the temperature results for vaporization and saturation quantity, ammonia distribution, and NOx conversion in the system. The NOx conversion investigations also provide the chemical reaction and numerical equation relevant to the ammonia and NOx distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution Control: Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction of Gaseous Pollutants)
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