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Catalysts
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Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants
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Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 17860

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Collin G. Joseph

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Sonophotochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
2. Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
3. Head of Industrial Chemistry Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
Interests: supported photocatalyst; advanced oxidation processes; activated carbon applications; sonophotochemistry; ozonation
Prof. Dr. Gianluca Li Puma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
Interests: nanocatalysis; photocatalysis; solar fuels; advanced detoxification; photomicrobial electrosynthesis; photoreaction engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giovanni Palmisano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
Interests: photocatalysis; chemical reaction engineering; TiO2
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the current fast pace of industrialization for many nations, anthropogenic sources of pollution are fast becoming a major problem, especially for developing countries. The resulting water pollution generated from factory wastewater is further altered by the weathering process and may result in a variety of persistent organic pollutants and intermediates. Common pollutants from sources such as dye and dye intermediate industries, paper and pulp industries, textile industries, tannery and craft bleaching industries, pharmaceutical industries, etc., are commonly detected in water bodies near these industrial zones due to runoffs or leaks.

Treating these pollutants in situ has become a preferred practice as it reduces the chances of spreading the contaminants elsewhere and saves on the treatment cost. The advanced oxidation process (AOP) by photocatalyst has attracted attention as a new wastewater treatment promising an eco-friendly and sustainable wastewater treatment technology, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Efficient application of photocatalytic technology is essential for cleaner environment.

The aim of this Special Issue is to serve as a collection of original research articles or reviews of recent progress and advances in photocatalytic processes in the remediation of wastewater contaminated with organic base pollutants. This includes but is not restricted to the use of new types of photocatalysts in the oxidation of organic contaminants, preparation of new supported photocatalysts, and organic pollutants of emerging concern. Finally, new photocatalytic applications and comparisons with other types of photocatalysts are greatly welcome.

I kindly invite you to submit a high-quality contribution to this Special Issue of Catalysts entitled “Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants” and to present the latest developments in the field. Review and original research articles as well as experimental and theoretical inquiries are most welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Collin G. Joseph
Prof. Dr. Gianluca Li Puma
Dr. Giovanni Palmisano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • titanium dioxide 
  • photocatalysts design and synthesis 
  • UV/visible light 
  • reaction kinetics and mechanism 
  • stability and reusability 
  • degradation by-products 
  • environmental applications 
  • composite photocatalyst 
  • photodegradation 
  • organic pollutants

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 6051 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of High Surface Area TiO2-MoO3 Nanocomposite as a Photocatalyst for Organic Pollutants Removal from Water Bodies
by Fatima Abla, Yehya Elsayed, Nedal Abu Farha, Khaled Obaideen, Ahmed A. Mohamed, Haesung Lee, Changseok Han, Mehmet Egilmez and Sofian Kanan
Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020362 - 07 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
A nanocomposite (NC) of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) and molybdenum (VI) oxide (MoO3) was synthesized using a hydrothermal route. Detailed analyses using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, and diffuse [...] Read more.
A nanocomposite (NC) of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) and molybdenum (VI) oxide (MoO3) was synthesized using a hydrothermal route. Detailed analyses using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy were carried out and confirmed the successful formation of pure TiO2-MoO3 (Ti-Mo) NC. The Ti-Mo NC possesses sizes in the range of 150–500 nm. XPS, Raman, and DRIFT shift measurements confirmed the formation of mixed oxide linkage in the form of Ti-O-Mo. Sorption of nitrogen isotherms revealed a significant increase in the number and pore widths of mesopores in the NC. Water sorption isotherms revealed enhanced affinity of the nanocomposites for water relative to the pure metal oxides. The BET surface area for Ti-Mo NC from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm was 129.3 m2/g which is much higher than the pure metal oxides (i.e., 37.56 m2/g for TiO2 and 2.21 m2/g for MoO3). The Ti-Mo NC provided suitable adsorption sites that captured the studied carbamates from the solution and promoted their photodegradation process. The photocatalytic degradation of MB in the presence of the catalyst was enhanced by 2.9 and 5.5 folds upon irradiation with white LED and 302 nm UV light sources, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants)
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16 pages, 4892 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 for the Degradation of Congo Red Dye by Adjusting the Ultrasonication Regime Applied in Its Synthesis Procedure
by Elvira Turcu, Cristina Giorgiana Coromelci, Valeria Harabagiu and Maria Ignat
Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020345 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Recently, the ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis procedure of mesoporous titania (TiO2) photocatalysts caught the researcher’s attention, due to the physicochemical properties enhancement of the resulting titania nanomaterials. Thus, by varying different synthesis parameters particular characteristics could be obtained. In the present study, [...] Read more.
Recently, the ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis procedure of mesoporous titania (TiO2) photocatalysts caught the researcher’s attention, due to the physicochemical properties enhancement of the resulting titania nanomaterials. Thus, by varying different synthesis parameters particular characteristics could be obtained. In the present study, the ultrasound pulse on/off ratio has been considered and the effect of the envisaged parameter on the textural, morphological, and optical features of titania nanomaterial has been investigated. Therefore, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2-sorption measurements, SEM imaging, and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (UVDR) have been used. And further, the photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO2 materials was evaluated by the features developed about the applied ultrasound pulse on/off ratio as 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1, 1/3 and 2/2. It was found that the ultrasound pulse on/off ratio considered in the synthesis procedure of titania leads to TiO2 materials with different textural (SBET = 98–156 m2/g), morphological, and optical (Eg = 3.1–3.2 eV) characteristics. For this reason, TiO2 nanomaterials prepared were found to exhibit suitable features for photocatalytic applications. Thus, the TiO2 4.1 sample prepared at 4/1 ultrasound pulse on/off ratio revealed the highest photodegradation efficiency of Congo Red dye (98.28%) as the results of photocatalytic tests show. More than that, a possible reaction mechanism of the CR photodegradation process through the contribution of reactive oxygen species (·HO, ·O2−), holes (h+), and electrons (e−) of developed titania photocatalyst was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants)
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17 pages, 2417 KiB  
Article
Complete Elimination of the Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic from Water by the Combination of Adsorption–Photocatalysis Process Using Natural Hydroxyapatite and TiO2
by Sabrina Cheikh, Ali Imessaoudene, Jean-Claude Bollinger, Amina Hadadi, Amar Manseri, Abdelkrim Bouzaza, Aymen Assadi, Abdeltif Amrane, Meriem Zamouche, Atef El Jery and Lotfi Mouni
Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020336 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to assess the performance of combined processes, adsorption/ photodegradation of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CIP). Adsorption was achieved on natural hydroxyapatite (nat-HA) in the batch mode. The effect of pH (3–12), initial ciprofloxacin concentration ( [...] Read more.
The main objective of this work was to assess the performance of combined processes, adsorption/ photodegradation of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CIP). Adsorption was achieved on natural hydroxyapatite (nat-HA) in the batch mode. The effect of pH (3–12), initial ciprofloxacin concentration (C0, 25–200 mg L−1), adsorbent dose (m, 0.25–3 g L−1), and temperature (T, 298–328 K) on the ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity was studied. At 298 K, the maximum uptake of 147.7 mg g−1 was observed with pH close to 8, 1 g L−1nat-HA dose, and 150 mg L−1 initial CIP concentration. Adsorption was effective, with a removal percentage of 82% within 90 minutes of contact time. For ciprofloxacin adsorption onto nat-HA, a pseudo-second-order kinetic model is well-suited. The Langmuir isotherm model successfully fit the experimental data and the process was spontaneous and exothermic. The coupling processes (adsorption/photocatalysis) were examined and found to be highly effective. For the remaining concentrations, the maximum degradation efficiency and mineralization yield were ~100% and 98.5%, respectively, for 1 mg L−1 initial CIP. The combination of the strong adsorption capacity of natural hydroxyapatite and the high photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be an effective technique for removing fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants)
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Review

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30 pages, 6044 KiB  
Review
Effect of Metal Atom in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-8 & 67) for Removal of Dyes and Antibiotics from Wastewater: A Review
by Zahra Pouramini, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Aziz Babapoor, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Chin Wei Lai, Yousef Mazaheri and Wei-Hung Chiang
Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010155 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8236
Abstract
The use of antibiotics and dyes has resulted in severe water pollution and health risks; therefore, it is urgent to remove them from water sources. Among the most common methods for removing harmful water contaminants, adsorption and photodegradation are the most economical, simple, [...] Read more.
The use of antibiotics and dyes has resulted in severe water pollution and health risks; therefore, it is urgent to remove them from water sources. Among the most common methods for removing harmful water contaminants, adsorption and photodegradation are the most economical, simple, and reusable. Due to their high porosity, adjustability, and crystal structure, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the effective adsorbents and photocatalysts. A typical MOF material is zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/67 (ZIF-8 and ZIF-67), comprising essentially of the metal atoms Zn and 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM). ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 have unique properties that make them efficient in water treatment due to high adsorption capacities and being good hosts for photocatalytic materials. In this article, a review study of the design and methods of synthesis of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 composites is presented. An introduction to the current research on the role of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 compounds as adsorbents and photocatalysts for wastewater pollution removal is provided. In this review study, we aim to supply a mechanistic perspective on the use of ZIF-8/67 composites in wastewater purification and present novel visions for the development of extremely effective ZIF-8/67-based adsorbents and photocatalysts. To unlock the full potential of ZIF-8/67 composites in dye and antibiotic removal and water recycling, current difficulties will be discussed in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants)
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12 pages, 1970 KiB  
Review
Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4) Nanostructures: Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Their Photocatalytic Applications
by Hajar Q. Alijani, Siavash Iravani and Rajender S. Varma
Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010059 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3426
Abstract
Green nanotechnology plays an important role in designing environmentally-benign and sustainable synthesis techniques to provide safer products for human health and environments. In this context, the synthesis of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticles (NPs) based on green chemistry principles with the advantages [...] Read more.
Green nanotechnology plays an important role in designing environmentally-benign and sustainable synthesis techniques to provide safer products for human health and environments. In this context, the synthesis of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticles (NPs) based on green chemistry principles with the advantages of eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity has been explored by researchers. Despite the advantages of these synthesis techniques, crucial aspects regarding their repeatability and large-scale production still need to be comprehensively explored. BiVO4 NPs have shown excellent potential in the pharmaceutical industry, cancer therapy, and photocatalysis. BiVO4 particles with monoclinic scheelite structures have been widely investigated for their environmental applications owing to their fascinating optical and electrical properties as well as their high stability and unique crystal structure properties. These NPs with good photostability and resistance to photocorrosion can be considered as promising nanophotocatalysts for degradation of pollutants including organic dyes and pharmaceutical wastes. However, additional explorations should be moved toward the optimization of reaction/synthesis conditions and associated photocatalytic mechanisms. Herein, recent developments regarding the environmentally-benign fabrication of BiVO4 NPs and their photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are deliberated, with a focus on challenges and future directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photocatalysis for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants)
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