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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Sleep, Pain and Immune Function
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Sleep, Pain and Immune Function

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 4831

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vahid Reza Askari

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Interests: cannabinoids; sleep disorders; pain; autoimmune diseases; immunopharmacology; drug delivery; PPAR-γ; aging
Dr. Vafa Baradaran Rahimi

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Interests: aging; sleep disorders; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular diseases; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Insomnia is repeated difficulty in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or experiencing low-quality sleep, resulting in some form of daytime disturbance. Sleeping disorders cause daytime fatigue, mental confusion, and over-sensitivity due to incomplete recovery from a sound sleep. Evidence of the involvement of immune-related molecules, including those involved in inflammation in sleep regulation, has increased over the past several decades.

Nevertheless, over the last two centuries, inflammation is now understood to be involved with many beneficial functions, such as stimulating chemical substances to recruit cells or molecules to an injured cell, providing a physical barrier and response against pathogens, and of course, sleep. In addition, inflammatory molecules that regulate sleep can affect clock genes and vice versa, which likely contributes to an overall enhancement or suppression of sleep pressure that can induce or suppress sleep.

On the other hand, differentiating between circadian rhythm and sleep's effect on pain is challenging, as these two systems can be tightly coupled. Although clinical and experimental pain sensitivity can follow a daily rhythm, mechanistic studies mainly lack an understanding of the factors underlying these diurnal variations in pain sensitivity. Several diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, diseases are born by sleep disorders or are considered one of their causes.

Therefore, the Special Issue welcomes original research (experimental studies or clinical trials), review articles, cross-sectional studies, systematic review, and meta-analyses relevant to sleep disorders, pain, neuroinflammation, and the immune system.

Dr. Vahid Reza Askari
Dr. Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sleep disorders
  • neuro inflammation
  • cannabinoids
  • pain
  • memory impairment
  • clinical trials
  • COVID-19

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1528 KiB  
Article
Correlation of Diffusion Tensor Tractography with Restless Legs Syndrome Severity
by Kang Min Park, Keun Tae Kim, Dong Ah Lee and Yong Won Cho
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(11), 1560; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111560 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 849
Abstract
This prospective study investigated white matter tracts associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) severity in 69 patients with primary RLS using correlational tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and quantitative anisotropy (QA) were analyzed separately to understand white matter abnormalities [...] Read more.
This prospective study investigated white matter tracts associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) severity in 69 patients with primary RLS using correlational tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and quantitative anisotropy (QA) were analyzed separately to understand white matter abnormalities in RLS patients. Connectometry analysis revealed positive correlations between RLS severity and FA values in various white matter tracts, including the left and right cerebellum, corpus callosum forceps minor and major, corpus callosum body, right cingulum, and frontoparietal tract. In addition, connectometry analysis revealed that the FA of the middle cerebellar peduncle, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left corticospinal tract, corpus callosum forceps minor, right cerebellum, left frontal aslant tract, left dentatorubrothalamic tract, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left corticostriatal tract superior, and left cingulum parahippocampoparietal tract was negatively correlated with RLS severity in patients with RLS. However, there were no significant correlations between QA values and RLS severity. It is implied that RLS symptoms may be potentially reversible with appropriate treatment. This study highlights the importance of considering white matter alterations in understanding the pathophysiology of RLS and in developing effective treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Pain and Immune Function)
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15 pages, 293 KiB  
Article
Sleep Health, Individual Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors, and Marathon Completion Time in Marathon Runners: A Retrospective Investigation of the 2016 London Marathon
by Jesse D. Cook, Matt K. P. Gratton, Amy M. Bender, Penny Werthner, Doug Lawson, Charles R. Pedlar, Courtney Kipps, Celyne H. Bastien, Charles H. Samuels and Jonathan Charest
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(9), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091346 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1186
Abstract
Despite sleep health being critically important for athlete performance and well-being, sleep health in marathoners is understudied. This foundational study explored relations between sleep health, individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, and marathon completion time. Data were obtained from the 2016 London Marathon participants. Participants [...] Read more.
Despite sleep health being critically important for athlete performance and well-being, sleep health in marathoners is understudied. This foundational study explored relations between sleep health, individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, and marathon completion time. Data were obtained from the 2016 London Marathon participants. Participants completed the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) along with a brief survey capturing individual characteristics and lifestyle factors. Sleep health focused on the ASSQ sleep difficulty score (SDS) and its components. Linear regression computed relations among sleep, individual, lifestyle, and marathon variables. The analytic sample (N = 943) was mostly male (64.5%) and young adults (66.5%). A total of 23.5% of the sample reported sleep difficulties (SDS ≥ 8) at a severity warranting follow-up with a trained sleep provider. Middle-aged adults generally reported significantly worse sleep health characteristics, relative to young adults, except young adults reported significantly longer sleep onset latency (SOL). Sleep tracker users reported worse sleep satisfaction. Pre-bedtime electronic device use was associated with longer SOL and longer marathon completion time, while increasing SOL was also associated with longer marathon completion. Our results suggest a deleterious influence of pre-bedtime electronic device use and sleep tracker use on sleep health in marathoners. Orthosomnia may be a relevant factor in the relationship between sleep tracking and sleep health for marathoners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Pain and Immune Function)
53 pages, 9253 KiB  
Article
Low Doses of β-Caryophyllene Reduced Clinical and Paraclinical Parameters of an Autoimmune Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Investigating the Role of CB2 Receptors in Inflammation by Lymphocytes and Microglial
by Vahid Reza Askari, Vafa Baradaran Rahimi and Reza Shafiee-Nick
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(7), 1092; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071092 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory disease in which the immune system plays an essential role in the damage, inflammation, and demyelination of central nervous system neurons (CNS). The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonists possess anti-inflammatory effects against noxious [...] Read more.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory disease in which the immune system plays an essential role in the damage, inflammation, and demyelination of central nervous system neurons (CNS). The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonists possess anti-inflammatory effects against noxious stimuli and elevate the neuronal survival rate. We attempted to analyze the protective impact of low doses of β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice as a chronic MS model. Immunization of female C57BL/6 mice was achieved through two subcutaneous injections into different areas of the hind flank with an emulsion that consisted of myelin Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 (150 µg) and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (400 µg) with an equal volume. Two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of pertussis toxin (300 ng) were performed on the animals on day zero (immunizations day) and 48 h (2nd day) after injection of MOG + CFA. The defensive effect of low doses of BCP (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d) was investigated in the presence and absence of a CB2 receptor antagonist (1 mg/kg, AM630) in the EAE model. We also examined the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and the polarization of brain microglia and spleen lymphocytes in EAE animals. According to our findings, low doses of BCP offered protective impacts in the EAE mice treatment in a CB2 receptor-dependent way. In addition, according to results, BCP decreased the pathological and clinical defects in EAE mice via modulating adaptive (lymphocytes) and innate (microglia) immune systems from inflammatory phenotypes (M1/Th1/Th17) to anti-inflammatory (M2/Th2/Treg) phenotypes. Additionally, BCP elevated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduced blood inflammatory cytokines. BCP almost targeted the systemic immune system more than the CNS immune system. Thus, a low dose of BCP can be suggested as a therapeutic effect on MS treatment with potent anti-inflammatory effects and possibly lower toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Pain and Immune Function)
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