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Biosensors
Special Issues
Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application
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Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 17250

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mohammad A. Qasaimeh

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Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188 Saadiyat Island, United Arab Emirates
Interests: microfluidics; MEMS; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mohammed Zourob

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
Interests: biosensors; diagnostics; bio-instrumentations
Prof. Dr. Khaled N. Salama

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Guest Editor
Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Interests: bioelectronics; biosensors; wearables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ruba Khnouf

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Guest Editor
Biomedical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Interests: bioMEMS; bio-nanotechnology; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Miniaturization is key in the field of biosensors, mainly for developing point of care diagnostics that are accurate, affordable, and robust. Furthermore, several other biomedical fields take advantage of miniaturization, including innovative bioassays, biomimetics and high precision clinical testing, to name a few. Microfluidics is one of the miniaturization technologies, which allows for bringing laboratory operation and sample handing within a tiny chip. Bioelectronics is another, which empowers integration of sensing and actuation within a solid-state chip. The field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is also a powerful technology for the integration and automation of multiphysics chips. The field of integrated diagnostic devices and biosensors is multidisciplinary, and requires expertise in microfluidics, bioelectronics, and MEMS. Therefore, this attracts the interest of engineers, chemists, physicists, and biologists, as well as healthcare researchers. This Special Issue aims to attract novel and high quality contributions from researchers working in the fields of the microfluidic point of care diagnostics, bioelectronics and biosensors, and BioMEMS devices. The focus of this issue is to sensitize the community to the urgent need of integration and automation towards developing disposable and precise integrated diagnostics, which requires interdisciplinary and international collaboration.

Dr. Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
Prof. Dr. Mohammed Zourob
Prof. Dr. Khaled N. Salama
Dr. Ruba Khnouf
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microfluidics
  • bioelectronics
  • MEMS
  • point of care
  • diagnostics
  • bioassays
  • clinical applications
  • lab on a chip

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2239 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Specificity in Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Poly(ethylene glycol)-Engrafted Graphene Oxide for Detection of Viral Genes
by Jamin Ku, Khushbu Chauhan, Sang-Hyun Hwang, Yong-Joo Jeong and Dong-Eun Kim
Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080661 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method that allows the simple, quick, and low-cost detection of various viral genes. LAMP assays are susceptible to generating non-specific amplicons, as high concentrations of DNA primers can give rise to primer dimerization and [...] Read more.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method that allows the simple, quick, and low-cost detection of various viral genes. LAMP assays are susceptible to generating non-specific amplicons, as high concentrations of DNA primers can give rise to primer dimerization and mismatched hybridizations, resulting in false-positive signals. Herein, we reported that poly(ethylene glycol)-engrafted nanosized graphene oxide (PEG-nGO) can significantly enhance the specificity of LAMP, owing to its ability to adsorb single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). By adsorbing surplus ssDNA primers, PEG-nGO minimizes the non-specific annealing of ssDNAs, including erroneous priming and primer dimerization, leading to the enhanced specificity of LAMP. The detection of complementary DNAs transcribed from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was performed by the PEG-nGO-based LAMP. We observed that the inclusion of PEG-nGO significantly enhances the specificity and sensitivity of the LAMP assay through the augmented difference in fluorescence signals between the target and non-target samples. The PEG-nGO-based LAMP assay greatly facilitates the detection of HCV-positive clinical samples, with superior precision to the conventional quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Among the 20 clinical samples tested, all 10 HCV-positive samples are detected as positive in the PEG-nGO-based LAMP, while only 7 samples are detected as HCV-positive in the RT-qPCR. In addition, the PEG-nGO-based LAMP method significantly improves the detection precision for the false-positive decision by 1.75-fold as compared to the LAMP without PEG-nGO. Thus, PEG-nGO can significantly improve the performance of LAMP assays by facilitating the specific amplification of target DNA with a decrease in background signal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application)
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16 pages, 3957 KiB  
Article
A Novel Step-T-Junction Microchannel for the Cell Encapsulation in Monodisperse Alginate-Gelatin Microspheres of Varying Mechanical Properties at High Throughput
by Si Da Ling, Zhiqiang Liu, Wenjun Ma, Zhuo Chen, Yanan Du and Jianhong Xu
Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 659; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080659 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2545
Abstract
Cell encapsulation has been widely employed in cell therapy, characterization, and analysis, as well as many other biomedical applications. While droplet-based microfluidic technology is advantageous in cell microencapsulation because of its modularity, controllability, mild conditions, and easy operation when compared to other state-of-art [...] Read more.
Cell encapsulation has been widely employed in cell therapy, characterization, and analysis, as well as many other biomedical applications. While droplet-based microfluidic technology is advantageous in cell microencapsulation because of its modularity, controllability, mild conditions, and easy operation when compared to other state-of-art methods, it faces the dilemma between high throughput and monodispersity of generated cell-laden microdroplets. In addition, the lack of a biocompatible method of de-emulsification transferring cell-laden hydrogel from cytotoxic oil phase into cell culture medium also hurtles the practical application of microfluidic technology. Here, a novel step-T-junction microchannel was employed to encapsulate cells into monodisperse microspheres at the high-throughput jetting regime. An alginate–gelatin co-polymer system was employed to enable the microfluidic-based fabrication of cell-laden microgels with mild cross-linking conditions and great biocompatibility, notably for the process of de-emulsification. The mechanical properties of alginate-gelatin hydrogel, e.g., stiffness, stress–relaxation, and viscoelasticity, are fully adjustable in offering a 3D biomechanical microenvironment that is optimal for the specific encapsulated cell type. Finally, the encapsulation of HepG2 cells into monodisperse alginate–gelatin microgels with the novel microfluidic system and the subsequent cultivation proved the maintenance of the long-term viability, proliferation, and functionalities of encapsulated cells, indicating the promising potential of the as-designed system in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application)
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11 pages, 891 KiB  
Article
A Portable Nanoprobe for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein
by Hani A. Alhadrami, Ghadeer A. R. Y. Suaifan and Mohammed M. Zourob
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040232 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2716
Abstract
Simple, timely, and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples and contaminated surfaces aids in lowering attendant morbidity/mortality related to this infectious virus. Currently applied diagnostic techniques depend on a timely laboratory report following PCR testing. However, the application of these tests is [...] Read more.
Simple, timely, and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples and contaminated surfaces aids in lowering attendant morbidity/mortality related to this infectious virus. Currently applied diagnostic techniques depend on a timely laboratory report following PCR testing. However, the application of these tests is associated with inherent shortcomings due to the need for trained personnel, long-time centralized laboratories, and expensive instruments. Therefore, there is an interest in developing biosensing diagnostic frontiers that can help in eliminating these shortcomings with a relatively economical, easy-to-use, well-timed, precise and sensitive technology. This study reports the development of fabricated Q-tips designed to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively detect SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples and contaminated non-absorbable surfaces. This colorimetric sensor is engineered to sandwich SARS-CoV-2 spike protein between the lactoferrin general capturing agent and the complementary ACE2-labeled receptor. The ACE2 receptor is decorated with an orange-colored polymeric nanoparticle to generate an optical visual signal upon pairing with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This colorimetric change of the Q-tip testing zone from white to orange confirms a positive result. The visual detection limit of the COVID-19 engineered colorimetric Q-tip sensor was 100 pfu/mL within a relatively short turnaround time of 5 min. The linear working range of quantitation was 103–108 pfu/mL. The engineered sensor selectively targeted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and did not bind to another coronavirus such as MERS-CoV, Flu A, or Flu B present on the contaminated surface. This novel detection tool is relatively cheap to produce and suitable for onsite detection of COVID-19 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application)
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Review

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30 pages, 3266 KiB  
Review
Review of Bacterial Nanocellulose-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Functionalization, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
by Samuel Chagas de Assis, Daniella Lury Morgado, Desiree Tamara Scheidt, Samara Silva de Souza, Marco Roberto Cavallari, Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior and Emanuel Carrilho
Biosensors 2023, 13(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13010142 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3010
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensing devices are known for their simple operational procedures, low fabrication cost, and suitable real-time detection. Despite these advantages, they have shown some limitations in the immobilization of biochemicals. The development of alternative materials to overcome these drawbacks has attracted significant attention. [...] Read more.
Electrochemical biosensing devices are known for their simple operational procedures, low fabrication cost, and suitable real-time detection. Despite these advantages, they have shown some limitations in the immobilization of biochemicals. The development of alternative materials to overcome these drawbacks has attracted significant attention. Nanocellulose-based materials have revealed valuable features due to their capacity for the immobilization of biomolecules, structural flexibility, and biocompatibility. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has gained a promising role as an alternative to antifouling surfaces. To widen its applicability as a biosensing device, BNC may form part of the supports for the immobilization of specific materials. The possibilities of modification methods and in situ and ex situ functionalization enable new BNC properties. With the new insights into nanoscale studies, we expect that many biosensors currently based on plastic, glass, or paper platforms will rely on renewable platforms, especially BNC ones. Moreover, substrates based on BNC seem to have paved the way for the development of sensing platforms with minimally invasive approaches, such as wearable devices, due to their mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application)
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31 pages, 11792 KiB  
Review
Advances of MXenes; Perspectives on Biomedical Research
by Aneesh Koyappayil, Sachin Ganpat Chavan, Yun-Gil Roh and Min-Ho Lee
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070454 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5222
Abstract
The last decade witnessed the emergence of a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides named MXenes, which quickly gained momentum due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, and tunable functionalities. These outstanding properties also rendered them attractive materials for biomedical [...] Read more.
The last decade witnessed the emergence of a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides named MXenes, which quickly gained momentum due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, and tunable functionalities. These outstanding properties also rendered them attractive materials for biomedical and biosensing applications, including drug delivery systems, antimicrobial applications, tissue engineering, sensor probes, auxiliary agents for photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications, etc. The hydrophilic nature of MXenes with rich surface functional groups is advantageous for biomedical applications over hydrophobic nanoparticles that may require complicated surface modifications. As an emerging 2D material with numerous phases and endless possible combinations with other 2D materials, 1D materials, nanoparticles, macromolecules, polymers, etc., MXenes opened a vast terra incognita for diverse biomedical applications. Recently, MXene research picked up the pace and resulted in a flood of literature reports with significant advancements in the biomedical field. In this context, this review will discuss the recent advancements, design principles, and working mechanisms of some interesting MXene-based biomedical applications. It also includes major progress, as well as key challenges of various types of MXenes and functional MXenes in conjugation with drug molecules, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric substrates, and other macromolecules. Finally, the future possibilities and challenges of this magnificent material are discussed in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics, Bioelectronics, and MEMS-Based Devices for Diagnostics and Biomedical Application)
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