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Biosensors
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Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective
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Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2022) | Viewed by 18604

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yuh-Shyong Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Po-Ai Street, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
Interests: bioelectronics; biosensors; protein chemistry; enzymology; proteomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunosensors are a special form of immunoassays that use the specific antigen–antibody interactions to identify and quantify target molecules in biological samples. Specificity, high-throughput, and sensitivity are some fundamental features that make an immunoassay a powerful tool. However, the traditional immunoassay may be limited in many applications due to the lack of signal amplification and efficient detection methods for the antigen–antibody interaction. An immunosensor normally contains a transducer that directly monitors the sensing event and can be developed into a stand-alone device for point-of-care applications. It has been demonstrated that many of the unmet needs in traditional immunoassays can be fulfilled by immunosensors to take full advantage of the specificity as well as the diversity of the antibody in many diagnostic needs. These may include, but are not limited to, label-free, ultra-high-sensitivity, real-time, multiplexing, and high-throughput immunosensors that have been developed in recent years. In addition, the availability of modern electronics industries provides novel opportunities for the immunosensors, not only the electronic parts for the immunosensor but also the whole ecosystem, to effectively participate in the world trend in the digital health care system. Such development may benefit the whole society as many of the diagnostic needs requiring immunoassays are inevitable.

Prof. Dr. Yuh-Shyong Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Immunoassay
  • Immunosensor
  • Biosensor
  • Antibody
  • Protein–protein interaction

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3684 KiB  
Article
A Digital Microfluidic Device Integrated with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Cell-Based Immunoassay
by Yuqian Zhang and Yuguang Liu
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050330 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3410
Abstract
The dynamic immune response to various diseases and therapies has been considered a promising indicator of disease status and therapeutic effectiveness. For instance, the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), as a major player in the immune system, is an important index to [...] Read more.
The dynamic immune response to various diseases and therapies has been considered a promising indicator of disease status and therapeutic effectiveness. For instance, the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), as a major player in the immune system, is an important index to indicate a patient’s immune function. Therefore, establishing a simple yet sensitive tool that can frequently assess the immune system during the course of disease and treatment is of great importance. This study introduced an integrated system that includes an electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS)-based biosensor in a digital microfluidic (DMF) device, to quantify the PBMC abundance with minimally trained hands. Moreover, we exploited the unique droplet manipulation feature of the DMF platform and conducted a dynamic cell capture assay, which enhanced the detection signal by 2.4-fold. This integrated system was able to detect as few as 104 PBMCs per mL, presenting suitable sensitivity to quantify PBMCs. This integrated system is easy-to-operate and sensitive, and therefore holds great potential as a powerful tool to profile immune-mediated therapeutic responses in a timely manner, which can be further evolved as a point-of-care diagnostic device to conduct near-patient tests from blood samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective)
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14 pages, 2374 KiB  
Article
A Label-Free Electrochemical Impedimetric Immunosensor with Biotinylated-Antibody for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein Detection in Saliva
by Ching-Chou Wu, Yu-Huan Chiang and Hsin-Yu Chiang
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050265 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3292
Abstract
The timely detecting of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus antigens for infection validation is an urgent request for COVID-19 pandemic control. This study constructed label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based immunosensors based on gold nanostructured screen-printed carbon electrodes (AuNS/SPCEs) to detect the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) in [...] Read more.
The timely detecting of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus antigens for infection validation is an urgent request for COVID-19 pandemic control. This study constructed label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based immunosensors based on gold nanostructured screen-printed carbon electrodes (AuNS/SPCEs) to detect the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) in saliva. Using short-chain 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a linker to covalently bond streptavidin (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for controlling the oriented immobilization of the biotinylated anti-N-protein antibody (BioAb) can offer a greater sensitivity, a lower limit of detection (LOD), and better reproducibility of immunosensors (defined as BioAb/SA-BSA/MPA/AuNS/SPCEs) than the antibody randomly immobilized immunosensors and the long-chain 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-modified immunosensors (BioAb/SA-BSA/MUA/AuNS/SPCEs). The BioAb/SA-BSA/MPA/AuNS/SPCE-based immunosensors presented good linearity from 0.01 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and a low LOD of 6 pg/mL in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and PBS-diluted saliva. Moreover, the immunosensor exhibited little cross-activity with other viral antigens such as MERS-CoV N-protein, influenza A N-protein, influenza B N-protein, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, indicating the high specificity of the immunosensors. The disposable label-free EIS-based immunosensors have promising potential in facilitating the rapid and sensitive tests of saliva-based COVID-19 diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective)
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12 pages, 7565 KiB  
Article
Silicon Nanowires Length and Numbers Dependence on Sensitivity of the Field-Effect Transistor Sensor for Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Detection
by Chi-Chang Wu
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020115 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3434
Abstract
Silicon nanowire field effect transistor (NWFET) sensors have been demonstrated to have high sensitivity, are label free, and offer specific detection. This study explored the effect of nanowire dimensions on sensors’ sensitivity. We used sidewall spacer etching to fabricate polycrystalline silicon NWFET sensors. [...] Read more.
Silicon nanowire field effect transistor (NWFET) sensors have been demonstrated to have high sensitivity, are label free, and offer specific detection. This study explored the effect of nanowire dimensions on sensors’ sensitivity. We used sidewall spacer etching to fabricate polycrystalline silicon NWFET sensors. This method does not require expensive nanoscale exposure systems and reduces fabrication costs. We designed transistor sensors with nanowires of various lengths and numbers. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used as the sensing target to explore the relationships of nanowire length and number with biomolecule detection. The experimental results revealed that the sensor with a 3 µm nanowire exhibited high sensitivity in detecting low concentrations of HBsAg. However, the sensor reached saturation when the biomolecule concentration exceeded 800 fg/mL. Sensors with 1.6 and 5 µm nanowires exhibited favorable linear sensing ranges at concentrations from 800 ag/mL to 800 pg/mL. The results regarding the number of nanowires revealed that the use of few nanowires in transistor sensors increases sensitivity. The results demonstrate the effects of nanowire dimensions on the silicon NWFET biosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective)
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14 pages, 2004 KiB  
Article
Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor as Label-Free Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Proteins with Opposite Net Charges
by Suh Kuan Yong, Shang-Kai Shen, Chia-Wei Chiang, Ying-Ya Weng, Ming-Pei Lu and Yuh-Shyong Yang
Biosensors 2021, 11(11), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11110442 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global healthcare threat, particularly chronic hepatitis B (CHB) that might lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should not be neglected. Although many types of HBV diagnosis detection methods are available, some technical challenges, such as [...] Read more.
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global healthcare threat, particularly chronic hepatitis B (CHB) that might lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should not be neglected. Although many types of HBV diagnosis detection methods are available, some technical challenges, such as the high cost or lack of practical feasibility, need to be overcome. In this study, the polycrystalline silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (pSiNWFETs) were fabricated through commercial process technology and then chemically functionalized for sensing hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) at the femto-molar level. These two proteins have been suggested to be related to the HCC development, while the former is also the hallmark for HBV diagnosis, and the latter is an RNA-binding protein. Interestingly, these two proteins carried opposite net charges, which could serve as complementary candidates for evaluating the charge-based sensing mechanism in the pSiNWFET. The measurements on the threshold voltage shifts of pSiNWFETs showed a consistent correspondence to the polarity of the charges on the proteins studied. We believe that this report can pave the way towards developing an approachable tool for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective)
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Review

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24 pages, 1423 KiB  
Review
Liquid Biopsy-Based Biosensors for MRD Detection and Treatment Monitoring in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
by Parvaneh Sardarabadi, Amir Asri Kojabad, Davod Jafari and Cheng-Hsien Liu
Biosensors 2021, 11(10), 394; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11100394 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5236
Abstract
Globally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate has remained at 16% for the past forty years. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is described as the existence of [...] Read more.
Globally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate has remained at 16% for the past forty years. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is described as the existence of either isolated tumour cells or circulating tumour cells in biological liquid of patients after removal of the primary tumour without any clinical signs of cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy has been promising as a non-invasive method of disease monitoring and treatment guidelines as an MRD marker. Liquid biopsy could be used to detect and assess earlier stages of NSCLC, post-treatment MRD, resistance to targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tumour mutational burden. MRD surveillance has been proposed as a potential marker for lung cancer relapse. Principally, biosensors provide the quantitative analysis of various materials by converting biological functions into quantifiable signals. Biosensors are usually operated to detect antibodies, enzymes, DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whole cells. Here, we present a category of biosensors based on the signal transduction method for identifying biosensor-based biomarkers in liquid biopsy specimens to monitor lung cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors - Trends and Perspective)
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