Topical Collection "Feature Papers in Immunology and Immunotherapy"

A topical collection in Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This collection belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

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Editors

Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: neutrophils; leukotrienes; inflammation; apoptosis; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
ImmunoRegulation Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
Interests: regulatory T cells; immune dysregulation; COVID-19; cellular therapy; CAR-T cell generation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Interests: photobiology; photoimmunology; phototherapy; targeted therapies; photobiomodulation; wound healing; basic sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immune dysregulation is an important component of the pathophysiology of many diseases. Fine-tuning the immune response to stimulate innate and adaptive immunity while suppressing systemic inflammation may be the key to success in the treatment of many diseases, including COVID-19 during the pandemic.

Immune dysregulation could emerge from every component of the immune system. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, and knowledge of the processes involved in recognizing foreign agents is essential for therapeutic strategies for the effective destruction of pathogens and the prevention of excessive immune activation. On the other hand, immunological memory is a unique feature of adaptive immunity against foreign agents and tumorigenic cells, and has been influential in inducing tolerance. All immune regulatory mechanisms work to protect the immune system from pathogens and tumors, and maintain tolerance to self. Still, failure in one or a few of its components could be vital for patients. Moreover, immunotherapy has emerged to be key in restoring homeostasis.

There is a wide range of immunotherapeutic approaches. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and immune cells therapies with unmodified or genetically modified cells have produced remarkable clinical results in patients with many different pathologies. Immunotherapy in cancers has become a hotly contested topic; however, this type of research has opened the door for therapy’s development in many diseases. In this Topical Collection, we plan to collect studies that describe the immune system dysregulation behavior and explore new cutting-edge research on immunotherapies.

Dr. Galina F. Sud’ina
Dr. Marjorie Pion
Dr. Stefano Bacci
Collection Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • immunity
  • pathogens
  • inflammation
  • immunological memory
  • autoimmunity

Published Papers (2 papers)

2022

18 pages, 2321 KiB  
Article
Ivermectin Affects Neutrophil-Induced Inflammation through Inhibition of Hydroxylysine but Stimulation of Cathepsin G and Phenylalanine Secretion
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3284; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123284 - 19 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2185
Abstract
The invasion and integrin-dependent adhesion of neutrophils to lung tissues and their secretion lead to the development of pneumonia in various pulmonary pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome in coronavirus disease. We studied the effect of ivermectin, a possible therapeutic agent for inflammation [...] Read more.
The invasion and integrin-dependent adhesion of neutrophils to lung tissues and their secretion lead to the development of pneumonia in various pulmonary pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome in coronavirus disease. We studied the effect of ivermectin, a possible therapeutic agent for inflammation and cancer, on integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin and the concomitant secretion. Ivermectin did not affect the attachment of neutrophils to the substrate and the reactive oxygen species production but sharply inhibited the adhesion-induced release of hydroxylysine and stimulated the release of phenylalanine and cathepsin G. Hydroxylysine is a product of lysyl hydroxylase, which is overexpressed in tumor cells with an increased ability to invade and metastasize. The inhibition of hydroxylysine release by ivermectin, by analogy, may indicate the suppression of neutrophil invasion into tissue. The increase in the release of phenylalanine in our experiments coincided with the secretion of cathepsin G, which indicates the possible role of this enzyme in the cleavage of phenylalanine. What is the substrate in such a reaction is unknown. We demonstrated that exogenously added angiotensin II (1–8) can serve as a substrate for phenylalanine cleavage. Mass spectrometry revealed the formation of angiotensin II (1–7) in the secretion of neutrophils, which attached to fibronectin in the presence of ivermectin and exogenous angiotensin II (1–8), indicating a possible involvement of ivermectin in the inactivation of angiotensin II. Full article
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17 pages, 2110 KiB  
Review
Interleukin-18 Binding Protein in Immune Regulation and Autoimmune Diseases
Biomedicines 2022, 10(7), 1750; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071750 - 20 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4203
Abstract
Natural soluble antagonist and decoy receptor on the surface of the cell membrane are evolving as crucial immune system regulators as these molecules are capable of recognizing, binding, and neutralizing (so-called inhibitors) their targeted ligands. Eventually, these soluble antagonists and decoy receptors terminate [...] Read more.
Natural soluble antagonist and decoy receptor on the surface of the cell membrane are evolving as crucial immune system regulators as these molecules are capable of recognizing, binding, and neutralizing (so-called inhibitors) their targeted ligands. Eventually, these soluble antagonists and decoy receptors terminate signaling by prohibiting ligands from connecting to their receptors on the surface of cell membrane. Interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) participates in regulating both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. IL-18BP is a soluble neutralizing protein belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily as it harbors a single Ig domain. The Ig domain is essential for its binding to the IL-18 ligand and holds partial homology to the IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) known as a decoy receptor of IL-1α and IL-1β. IL-18BP was defined as a unique soluble IL-18BP that is distinct from IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ chain. IL-18BP is encoded by a separated gene, contains 8 exons, and is located at chr.11 q13.4 within the human genome. In this review, we address the difference in the biological activity of IL-18BP isoforms, in the immunity balancing Th1 and Th2 immune response, its critical role in autoimmune diseases, as well as current clinical trials of recombinant IL-18BP (rIL-18BP) or equivalent. Full article
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Figure 1

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