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Biomedicines
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Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy
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Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 21528

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Aurel Popa-Wagner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Medical School, Essen, Germany
2. Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging Director, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Interests: ageing; cerebrovascular diseases; rehabilitation; cell therapies; genomics; proteomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brain plasticity allows continuous remodeling of the brain’s structure and function during aging and disease. Aging is accompanied by changes in blood vessels structure, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the peripheral organs. In the central nervous system, cerebral vascular aging can lead to a loss of the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, eventually resulting in cognitive and sensorimotor decline. One of the major of types of cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is vascular cognitive impairment and degenerative processes leading to dementia. Thus, some patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease present with symptoms manifested by cortical and/or subcortical clinical symptoms that are related to atheromatous vascular degeneration of the brain’s arteries.

Thus, comprehensive approaches need to be developed that address the multiple, interrelated mechanisms of brain aging. Attention is drawn to the importance of the maintenance of cerebromicrovascular health ; the restoration of neuroendocrine balance ; and the pressing need for funding more innovative research into the interactions of neuronal, neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and microvascular mechanisms of cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease.

Old age is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to stroke and aged animals, who recover poorly from brain injuries compared to young rodents. Stroke increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia and may contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Despite the initial hope that cell-based therapies may stimulate restorative processes in the ischemic brain, it is now recognized that aging processes may promote an unfavorable environment for such treatments.

During the past several years, there has been increasing interest in the role of human cerebrovasculature and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) as etiological factors contributing to the development of seizures and chronic epilepsy. Recently, much emphasis has been placed on dysregulated angiogenesis, BBB permeability, and epilepsy.

This Special Issue of Biomedicines will provide up-to-date information on different aspects of brain aging, from the latest developments in the field of neurodegenerative disorders to cerebral microvascular mechanisms of cognitive decline. New avenues for research targeting cellular senescence, epigenetics, and endocrine mechanisms of brain aging are also discussed. Based on the current literature, it is clear that understanding brain aging and reducing risk for neurological disease with age requires searching for mechanisms and treatment options beyond age-related changes in neuronal function. This Issue will also cover recent advances in brain vasculature in signaling pathways that can potentially protect cells as well as treatment options for the maintenance of cerebromicrovascular functioning to prevent diseases associated with brain vasculature remodelling in response to aging and associated diseases and present new treatment options.

This Special Issue is jointly organized between IJMS and Biomedicines journals. According to the aims and scope of these journals, articles showing basic studies in biochemistry, molecular biology, and molecular medicine can be submitted to IJMS, while articles presenting more clinical content can be submitted to Biomedicines.

Prof. Aurel Popa-Wagner
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aging
  • vasculature c
  • ognition
  • dementia
  • stroke
  • hemorrhagic stroke
  • comorbidities
  • epilepsy; dementia
  • Alzheimer’s disease

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3442 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Cerebral Perfusion on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Distribution after Intra-Arterial Transplantation: A Quantitative MR Study
by Ilya L. Gubskiy, Daria D. Namestnikova, Veronica A. Revkova, Elvira A. Cherkashova, Kirill K. Sukhinich, Mikhail M. Beregov, Pavel A. Melnikov, Maxim A. Abakumov, Vladimir P. Chekhonin, Leonid V. Gubsky and Konstantin N. Yarygin
Biomedicines 2022, 10(2), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020353 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
Intra-arterial (IA) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation providing targeted cell delivery to brain tissue is a promising approach to the treatment of neurological disorders, including stroke. Factors determining cell distribution after IA administration have not been fully elucidated. Their decoding may contribute to [...] Read more.
Intra-arterial (IA) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation providing targeted cell delivery to brain tissue is a promising approach to the treatment of neurological disorders, including stroke. Factors determining cell distribution after IA administration have not been fully elucidated. Their decoding may contribute to the improvement of a transplantation technique and facilitate translation of stroke cell therapy into clinical practice. The goal of this work was to quantitatively assess the impact of brain tissue perfusion on the distribution of IA transplanted MSCs in rat brains. We performed a selective MR-perfusion study with bolus IA injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent and subsequent IA transplantation of MSCs in intact rats and rats with experimental stroke and evaluated the correlation between different perfusion parameters and cell distribution estimated by susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) immediately after cell transplantation. The obtained results revealed a certain correlation between the distribution of IA transplanted MSCs and brain perfusion in both intact rats and rats with experimental stroke with the coefficient of determination up to 30%. It can be concluded that the distribution of MSCs after IA injection can be partially predicted based on cerebral perfusion data, but other factors requiring further investigation also have a significant impact on the fate of transplanted cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy)
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20 pages, 1333 KiB  
Article
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Vericiguat Enhances Long-Term Memory in Rats without Altering Cerebral Blood Volume
by Ellis Nelissen, Elentina K. Argyrousi, Nick P. Van Goethem, Fuqiang Zhao, Catherine D. G. Hines, Gayathri Swaminath, Michael Gerisch, Joerg Hueser, Peter Sandner and Jos Prickaerts
Biomedicines 2021, 9(8), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081047 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3346
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is characterized by impairments in cerebral blood flow (CBF), endothelial function and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. These processes are all physiologically regulated by the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP signaling pathway. Additionally, cGMP signaling plays an important role [...] Read more.
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is characterized by impairments in cerebral blood flow (CBF), endothelial function and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. These processes are all physiologically regulated by the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP signaling pathway. Additionally, cGMP signaling plays an important role in long-term potentiation (LTP) underlying memory formation. Therefore, targeting the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway may be a therapeutic strategy for treating VCI. Hence, in this study we investigated whether sGC stimulator vericiguat has potential as a cognitive enhancer. The effects of vericiguat on long-term memory were measured in rats using an object location task. Due to the low brain-penetrance of vericiguat found in this study, it was investigated whether in the absence of BBB limitations, vericiguat enhanced hippocampal plasticity using an ex vivo memory acquisition-like chemical LTP model. Finally, peripheral effects were measured by means of blood pressure and cerebral blood volume. Vericiguat successfully enhanced long-term memory and increased hippocampal plasticity via enhanced translocation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors to the cell membrane, while blood pressure and cerebral blood volume were unaltered. Although the memory enhancing effects in this study are likely due to peripheral effects on the cerebral microvasculature, sGC stimulation may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating VCI, especially when BBB integrity is reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy)
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11 pages, 388 KiB  
Article
Combined Effects of NMES and Mendelsohn Maneuver on the Swallowing Function and Swallowing–Quality of Life of Patients with Stroke-Induced Sub-Acute Swallowing Disorders
by Haewon Byeon
Biomedicines 2020, 8(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8010012 - 12 Jan 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5272
Abstract
It is necessary to identify how to improve the swallowing-related quality of life, as well as the swallowing function, in order to evaluate the effect of treatments on swallowing disorders. This study aimed to prove the effects of a compound swallowing intervention (Mendelsohn [...] Read more.
It is necessary to identify how to improve the swallowing-related quality of life, as well as the swallowing function, in order to evaluate the effect of treatments on swallowing disorders. This study aimed to prove the effects of a compound swallowing intervention (Mendelsohn maneuver + neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)) on the swallowing function and the quality of life by applying the compound swallowing intervention to patients with sub-acute swallowing disorders due to cerebral infarction for eight weeks. This study analyzed 43 subjects who were diagnosed with swallowing disorders due to cerebral infarction. The experiment consisted of the Mendelsohn maneuver treatment group (n = 15), the NMES treatment group (n = 13), the compound intervention group (Mendelsohn maneuver + NMES; n = 15). The results of ANCOVA showed that the changes in Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS) scores and Swallowing–Quality of Life (SWAL–QOL) score were different among groups. The compound intervention group had the highest FDS scores and SWAL–QOL score followed by Mendelsohn, and the NMES group had the lowest. The result of this study suggests that NMES can be more effective when it is combined with a traditional swallowing rehabilitation therapy rather than a single intervention method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy)
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Review

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17 pages, 1171 KiB  
Review
The Need for New Biomarkers to Assist with Stroke Prevention and Prediction of Post-Stroke Therapy Based on Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
by Mircea Popescu Driga, Bogdan Catalin, Denisa Greta Olaru, Agnieszka Slowik, Nikolaus Plesnila, Dirk M. Hermann and Aurel Popa-Wagner
Biomedicines 2021, 9(9), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091226 - 15 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2533
Abstract
The risk of having a stroke event doubles each decade after the age of 55. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop neurorestorative therapies of stroke which occurs mostly in elderly people. However, to date, patients at risk for these sequels of [...] Read more.
The risk of having a stroke event doubles each decade after the age of 55. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop neurorestorative therapies of stroke which occurs mostly in elderly people. However, to date, patients at risk for these sequels of stroke are not duly diagnosed and treated due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are shed by the brain cells and are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the blood stream; thus, they may be used to interrogate molecular and cellular events in the brain damaged area. In this review, we summarize the major molecular and cellular responses of astroglia and neurons to cerebral ischemia and assess their impact on post-stroke recovery and rehabilitation. In particular, we ask if EVs secreted by brain cells are responses to cerebral ischemia, and they may shed new light on the interplay between exosomes-mediated interactions between brain cells and the question of how to exploit it in order to predict the individual course of the disease and to introduce specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. Given these findings, we are left with two options: either to (i) transplant neuronal precursors into the damaged cortical area or (ii) to covert abundantly present proliferating astrocytes in the perilesional area into neurons by using recently developed genetic technologies. However, given the complexity of molecular and cellular responses to cerebral ischemia and our limited capabilities to restore brain structure and function, we are left with only one realistic aim: to invest more in prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy)
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27 pages, 1089 KiB  
Review
Association between Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Variability, and Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment
by Kang-Po Lee, Alice Y. W. Chang and Pi-Shan Sung
Biomedicines 2021, 9(7), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070773 - 02 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3812
Abstract
After stroke, dynamic changes take place from necrotic-apoptotic continuum, inflammatory response to poststroke neurogenesis, and remodeling of the network. These changes and baseline brain pathology such as small vessel disease (SVD) and amyloid burden may be associated with the occurrence of early or [...] Read more.
After stroke, dynamic changes take place from necrotic-apoptotic continuum, inflammatory response to poststroke neurogenesis, and remodeling of the network. These changes and baseline brain pathology such as small vessel disease (SVD) and amyloid burden may be associated with the occurrence of early or late poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) or dementia (PSD), which affect not only stroke victims but also their families and even society. We reviewed the current concepts and understanding of the pathophysiology for PSCI/PSD and identified useful tools for the diagnosis and the prediction of PSCI in serological, CSF, and image characteristics. Then, we untangled their relationships with blood pressure (BP) and blood pressure variability (BPV), important but often overlooked risk factors for PSCI/PSD. Finally, we provided evidence for the modifying effects of BP and BPV on PSCI as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and life style modification for PSCI/PSD prevention and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy)
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14 pages, 286 KiB  
Review
Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain–Muscle Crosstalk?
by Sophia X. Sui, Brenton Hordacre and Julie A. Pasco
Biomedicines 2021, 9(2), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020223 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3052
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and is responsible for a significant economic burden. Sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction are common consequences of stroke, but there is less awareness of the concurrency of these conditions. In addition, few reviews are available [...] Read more.
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and is responsible for a significant economic burden. Sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction are common consequences of stroke, but there is less awareness of the concurrency of these conditions. In addition, few reviews are available to guide clinicians and researchers on how to approach sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction as comorbidities after stroke, including how to assess and manage them and implement interventions to improve health outcomes. This review synthesises current knowledge about the relationship between post-stroke sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction, including the physiological pathways, assessment tools, and interventions involved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Brain Vascular Diseases Management and Therapy)
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