Recent Innovations in Precision Oncology: The Pathway toward a Patient-Tailored Approach

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology and Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 1877

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Precision oncology has been gaining more and more consideration in the scientific community and represents one of most impactful revolutions in medicine. In recent decades, the approach to disease has thoroughly changed, passing from the idea that the same drug might work sufficiently well for different patients to the concept of tailoring treatment on the basis of patients’ individual biological and molecular characteristics. In this scenario, molecular diagnostics through recently introduced techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), has become an essential tool for a rapid and accurate analysis of oncological patients’ genetic profile when molecularly targeted therapies are planned. On the other side, molecular imaging through different techniques (SPECT/CT, PET/CT, optical imaging) has been employed in the field of precision oncology for the in vivo detection of tumor-associated biomarkers, also in the perspective of combining diagnosis and in therapy in a unique approach, also known as “theranostics”. For example, the use of PET radioligands targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been applied with overwhelming results for the management of prostate cancer. Finally, the emerging applications of artificial intelligence (A) and “radiomics” hold the promise to move the field of precision oncology forward by extrapolating information from image intensity, shape, and texture through sophisticated mathematical tools.

In the present Special Issue, we solicit original research or review articles highlighting the potential and emerging applications of novel technologies in precision oncology, with a particular focus on novel molecular probes for molecular imaging and on the still few explored applications of AI and radiomics.

Prof. Dr. Luca Filippi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • precision medicine
  • oncology
  • molecular imaging
  • molecular biology
  • theranostics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 905 KiB  
Article
The DASciS Software for BSI Calculation as a Valuable Prognostic Tool in mCRPC Treated with 223RaCl2: A Multicenter Italian Study
by Maria Silvia De Feo, Viviana Frantellizzi, Matteo Bauckneht, Alessio Farcomeni, Luca Filippi, Elisa Lodi Rizzini, Valentina Lavelli, Maria Lina Stazza, Tania Di Raimondo, Giuseppe Fornarini, Sara Elena Rebuzzi, Mammini Filippo, Paolo Mammucci, Andrea Marongiu, Fabio Monari, Giuseppe Rubini, Angela Spanu and Giuseppe De Vincentis
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041103 - 05 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1502
Abstract
Background/Aim: Radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2) represents a therapeutic option for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients dealing with symptomatic bone metastases. The identification of baseline variables potentially affecting the life-prolonging role of 223RaCl2 is still ongoing. Bone scan [...] Read more.
Background/Aim: Radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2) represents a therapeutic option for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients dealing with symptomatic bone metastases. The identification of baseline variables potentially affecting the life-prolonging role of 223RaCl2 is still ongoing. Bone scan index (BSI) defines the total load of bone metastatic disease detected on a bone scan (BS) and is expressed as a percentage value of the whole bone mass. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess the impact of baseline BSI on overall survival (OS) in mCRPC patients treated with 223RaCl2. For this purpose, the DASciS software developed by the Sapienza University of Rome for BSI calculation was shared between six Italian Nuclear Medicine Units. Methods: 370 pre-treatment BS were analyzed through the DASciS software. Other clinical variables relevant to OS analysis were taken into account for the statistical analysis. Results: Of a total of 370 patients, 326 subjects had died at the time of our retrospective analysis. The median OS time from the first cycle of 223RaCl2 to the date of death from any cause or last contact was 13 months (95%CI 12–14 months). The mean BSI value resulted in 2.98% ± 2.42. The center-adjusted univariate analysis showed that baseline BSI was significantly associated with OS as an independent risk factor (HR 1.137, 95%CI: 1.052–1.230, p = 0.001), meaning that patients with higher BSI values had worse OS. When adjusting for other measures on multivariate analysis, in addition to Gleason score and baseline values of Hb, tALP, and PSA, baseline BSI was confirmed to be a statistically significant parameter (HR 1.054, 95%CI: 1.040–1.068, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Baseline BSI significantly predicts OS in mCRPC treated with 223RaCl2. The DASciS software was revealed to be a valuable tool for BSI calculation, showing rapid processing time and requiring no more than a single demonstrative training for each participating center. Full article
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