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Biology
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Biological Responses to Exercise in Obese Subjects
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Biological Responses to Exercise in Obese Subjects

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 7626

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Juana María Sanz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: obesity; adipose tissue; inflammation; aging; exercise; insulin resistance; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Luis Carrasco Páez

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Pirotecnia Campus, Pirotecnia St., s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
Interests: exercise physiology; stress hormones; anxiety; depression; neurotrophic factors; neuroplasticity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that, together with overweight, caused more than 5 million deaths in 2019, according to the Global Burden of Disease. The primary weapons used to fight obesity are a balanced diet and an increase in physical activity.

Exercise can promote changes at several levels, including: reducing body weight; improving cardiorespiratory fitness; reducing chronic inflammation; regulating adipokine concentrations such as leptin, Retinol binding protein 4 and adiponectin; increasing circulating levels of high-density lipoproteins; and reducing insulin resistance, among others. These biological responses contribute, at least in part, to preventing or ameliorating obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.

On the other hand, the impact of exercise in obese subjects can be heterogeneous, even null, and will depend on not only the type, duration and intensity of training, but also on other aspects such genetic factors, sex and age.

This Special Issue invites original research articles and reviews that examine biological responses to exercise in obese individuals, covering all aspects that could contribute to improving overall health, including biological and genetic factors influencing individual responsiveness to exercise.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Juana María Sanz
Prof. Dr. Luis Carrasco Páez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity
  • adipose tissue
  • exercise
  • adipokine
  • high-density lipoprotein
  • chronic inflammation
  • types of training
  • genetic factors associated with obesity
  • cardiovascular disease
  • insulin resistance

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 564 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Walking Economy after Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Severe Obesity
by Marco Vecchiato, Sara Faggian, Giulia Quinto, Francesca Battista, Mirto Foletto, Angelo Di Vincenzo, Silvia Bettini, Andrea Gasperetti, Luca Busetto, Andrea Ermolao and Daniel Neunhaeuserer
Biology 2023, 12(5), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12050746 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with a higher energy cost of walking which affects activities of daily living. Bariatric surgery with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has beneficial effects on weight loss and comorbidities. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity is associated with a higher energy cost of walking which affects activities of daily living. Bariatric surgery with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has beneficial effects on weight loss and comorbidities. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of SG on walking economy in subjects with severe obesity. Methods: This observational cohort study included all patients with morbid obesity who were considered suitable candidates for SG between June 2017 and June 2019. Each patient underwent an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill (modified Bruce protocol) one month before and six months after SG. Data on the energy cost of walking were recorded during three protocol stages (stage 0—slow flat walking: speed 2.7 km/h, slope 0%; stage ½—slow uphill walking: speed 2.7 km/h, slope 5%; stage 1—fast uphill walking: speed 4.0 km/h, slope 8%). Results: 139 patients with morbid obesity (78% women; age 44.1 ± 10.7 years; BMI 42.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were included in the study. At six months post-SG, patients presented with a significantly decreased body weight (−30.5 ± 17.2 kg; p < 0.05), leading to an average BMI of 31.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2. The net energy cost of walking (measured in J/m and J/kg/m) of the subjects was lower compared to pre-SG at all three protocol stages. This improvement was also confirmed when the subjects were grouped by gender and obesity classes. Conclusion: After a significant weight loss induced by SG, regardless of the severity of obesity and gender, patients exhibited a lower energy expenditure and an improved walking economy. These changes make it easier to perform daily routines and may facilitate an increase in physical activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Responses to Exercise in Obese Subjects)
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10 pages, 1298 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Obesity on C1q/TNF-Related Protein-9 Expression and Endothelial Function following Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise vs. Continuous Moderate-Intensity Exercise
by Brandon G. Fico, Ryan S. Garten, Michael C. Zourdos, Michael Whitehurst, Peter J. Ferrandi, Katelyn M. Dodge, Gabriel S. Pena, Alexandra A. Rodriguez and Chun-Jung Huang
Biology 2022, 11(11), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111667 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
C1q-TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduces vasoconstrictors. There is limited information regarding exercise-mediated CTRP9 in obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on the CTRP9 response and an [...] Read more.
C1q-TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduces vasoconstrictors. There is limited information regarding exercise-mediated CTRP9 in obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on the CTRP9 response and an indicator of endothelial function (FMD) in obese participants. Sixteen young male participants (9 obese and 7 normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80–90% of VO2 max with 3 min rest between intervals) and CME (38 min at 50–60% VO2 max). Serum CTRP9 and FMD were measured prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h and 2 h into recovery. CTRP9 was significantly increased immediately following acute HIIE and CME in both groups (p = 0.003). There was a greater CME-induced FMD response at 2 h into recovery in obese participants (p = 0.009). A positive correlation between CTRP9 and FMD percent change was observed in response to acute CME when combined with both obese and normal-weight participants (r = 0.589, p = 0.016). The novel results from this study provide a foundation for additional examination of the mechanisms of exercise-mediated CTRP9 on endothelial function in individuals with obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Responses to Exercise in Obese Subjects)
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15 pages, 2236 KiB  
Article
Comparative Effect of Three Different Exercise Intensities in Combination with Diazoxide on Contraction Capacity and Oxidative Stress of Skeletal Muscle in Obese Rats
by Mariana Gómez-Barroso, Manuel A. Vargas-Vargas, Donovan J. Peña-Montes, Christian Cortés-Rojo, Alfredo Saavedra-Molina, Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte, Alain R. Rodríguez-Orozco and Rocío Montoya-Pérez
Biology 2022, 11(9), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091367 - 17 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1432
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that impairs skeletal muscle function, affects the ability to contract, and promotes the development of fatigue. For this reason, the study of treatments that seek to reduce the harmful effects of obesity on muscle tissue has been deepened. [...] Read more.
Obesity is a chronic disease that impairs skeletal muscle function, affects the ability to contract, and promotes the development of fatigue. For this reason, the study of treatments that seek to reduce the harmful effects of obesity on muscle tissue has been deepened. Diazoxide treatment and various exercise protocols have been proposed to protect skeletal muscle against oxidative stress and its effects. However, the intensity and duration of exercise combined with diazoxide that would obtain the best results for improving skeletal muscle function in obese rats is unknown. To this end, this study evaluated the effects of three different exercise intensities combined with diazoxide on contraction capacity, resistance to fatigue, markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, ROS, and glutathione redox status of skeletal muscle. The results showed that treatments with diazoxide and exercise at different intensities improved muscle contraction capacity by reducing oxidative stress during obesity, with the best results being obtained with low-intensity exercise in combination with diazoxide. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and low-intensity exercise improve muscle function during obesity by decreasing oxidative stress with the same efficiency as a moderate-intensity exercise protocol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Responses to Exercise in Obese Subjects)
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Review

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24 pages, 1577 KiB  
Review
The Effects of Obesity on the Inflammatory, Cardiovascular, and Neurobiological Responses to Exercise in Older Adults
by Brandon G. Fico, Arun Maharaj, Gabriel S. Pena and Chun-Jung Huang
Biology 2023, 12(6), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060865 - 15 Jun 2023
Viewed by 3018
Abstract
Obesity with advancing age leads to increased health complications that are involved in various complex physiological processes. For example, inflammation is a critical cardiovascular disease risk factor that plays a role in the stages of atherosclerosis in both aging and obesity. Obesity can [...] Read more.
Obesity with advancing age leads to increased health complications that are involved in various complex physiological processes. For example, inflammation is a critical cardiovascular disease risk factor that plays a role in the stages of atherosclerosis in both aging and obesity. Obesity can also induce profound changes to the neural circuitry that regulates food intake and energy homeostasis with advancing age. Here we discuss how obesity in older adults impacts inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurobiological functions with an emphasis on how exercise mediates each topic. Although obesity is a reversible disorder through lifestyle changes, it is important to note that early interventions are crucial to prevent pathological changes seen in the aging obese population. Lifestyle modifications such as physical activity (including aerobic and resistance training) should be considered as a main intervention to minimize the synergistic effect of obesity on age-related conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Responses to Exercise in Obese Subjects)
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