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Batteries
Special Issues
Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future
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Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Mechanisms and Fundamental Electrochemistry Aspects".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 23377

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rui Xu

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Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: lithium ion batteries; multivalent ion batteries; metal-CO2 batteries; metal-sulfur batteries
Prof. Dr. Xin Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of New Energy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
Interests: research on materials, mechanisms and designs for lithium ion battery with fast charge capability and high energy density; the fundamental research on all solid state lithium ion battery
Dr. Zhenzhen Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
Interests: lithium ion battery
Dr. Shitong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Interests: materials for energy storage
Dr. Yutong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: high-rate electrode materials; lithium-ion batteries; zinc-ion batteries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the advantage of high energy-density, lithium-based energy storage systems power our daily lives from smart phones to other consumer electronics. They also enable electrification of the transportation systems and provide stationary storage of energy in the electrical grid, critical to developing the clean-energy economy.

This Special Issue highlights key advances and urgent development of lithium-based batteries in the battery research community worldwide. We call for outstanding manuscripts, including reviews and original research articles, to be submitted to the open access journal Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). The major scope of this issue will cover research areas in high-energy, long cycle life, fast charging and safe lithium-ion batteries and beyond lithium-ion battery technology. Research topics will provide trends in 1) advanced cathode materials with high energy and long cycle life; 2) next-generation anode materials; 3) electrolytes and additives; 4) engineering and scale-up of battery components and cells; 5) multi-scale range characterization of battery bulk materials and interfaces; 6) critical materials recycling; and 7) beyond lithium-ion battery technologies.

Prof. Dr. Rui Xu
Prof. Dr. Xin Su
Dr. Zhenzhen Yang
Dr. Shitong Wang
Dr. Yutong Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrolytes and additives
  • advanced anode materials
  • advanced cathode materials
  • fast charging materials
  • beyond lithium ion batteries
  • engineering and scale-up of battery components
  • advanced characterization techniques for bulk materials and interfaces
  • battery safety
  • battery recycling
  • supercapacitors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3326 KiB  
Article
Chemo-Mechanical Coupling Measurement of LiMn2O4 Composite Electrode during Electrochemical Cycling
by Huijie Yu, Jiangtao Li, Hainan Jiang, Wei Li, Guorui Li and Dawei Li
Batteries 2023, 9(4), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040209 - 30 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1373
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the mechanical behavior of cathode materials during the electrochemical cycle can help obtain an in-depth understanding of the working mechanism of lithium-ion batteries. The LiMn2O4 composite electrode is employed as the working electrode in this artificial cell, [...] Read more.
Real-time monitoring of the mechanical behavior of cathode materials during the electrochemical cycle can help obtain an in-depth understanding of the working mechanism of lithium-ion batteries. The LiMn2O4 composite electrode is employed as the working electrode in this artificial cell, which is conceived and produced along with a chemo-mechanical coupling measurement system. The multi-layer beam composite electrode made of LiMn2O4 is monitored in real time using a CCD camera to track its curvature deformation. Experiments show that the curvature of the LiMn2O4 electrode decreases with the extraction of lithium ions and increases during the lithiation process. In the meantime, a theoretical framework was developed to examine the connection between curvature change and mechanical characteristics. Thus, the elastic modulus, strain, and stress of the LiMn2O4 composite electrode were extracted by combining the bending deformation and theoretical model. The results show that the elastic modulus of the LiMn2O4 composite electrode decreases from 59.61 MPa to 12.01 MPa with the extraction of lithium ions during the third cycle. Meanwhile, the stress decreases from 0.46 MPa to 0.001 MPa, and the strain reduces from 0.43 to 0. Its changes reverse during the lithiation process. Those findings could have made a further understanding of the mechanical properties in lithium-ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future)
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12 pages, 3397 KiB  
Article
Effect of Si Content on Extreme Fast Charging Behavior in Silicon–Graphite Composite Anodes
by Zhenzhen Yang, Stephen E. Trask, Xianyang Wu and Brian J. Ingram
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020138 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4716
Abstract
Commercial Li-ion batteries typically incorporate a small amount of high-capacity silicon (Si)-based materials in the composite graphite-based anode to increase the energy density of the battery. However, very little is known about the effects of Si on the fast-charging behavior of composite anodes. [...] Read more.
Commercial Li-ion batteries typically incorporate a small amount of high-capacity silicon (Si)-based materials in the composite graphite-based anode to increase the energy density of the battery. However, very little is known about the effects of Si on the fast-charging behavior of composite anodes. Herein, we examine the effects of the Si/graphite ratio in the composite anode on the fast-charging behavior of full cells. We show that addition of Si increases the rate capability from 1C to 8C and improves the capacity retention in early cycles at 6C due to reduced overpotential in constant current charging cycles. The impacts of Si content on fast-charging aging were identified by Post-Test characterization. Despite realizing benefits of available capacity and reduced Li plating at 6C, silicon–electrolyte interactions lead the time-dependent cell performance to fade quickly in the long term. The Post-Test analysis also revealed the thickening of the electrode and nonuniform distribution of electrolyte decomposition products on the Si-containing anodes, as well as the organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which are the factors behind cell degradation. Our study sheds insight on the advantages and disadvantages of Si/graphite composite anodes when they are used in fast-charging applications and guides further research in the area by designing an optimized composition of Si incorporated in a mature graphite matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future)
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10 pages, 2153 KiB  
Article
Sosnowskyi Hogweed-Based Hard Carbons for Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Grigorii P. Lakienko, Zoya V. Bobyleva, Maria O. Apostolova, Yana V. Sultanova, Andrey K. Dyakonov, Maxim V. Zakharkin, Nikita A. Sobolev, Anastasia M. Alekseeva, Oleg A. Drozhzhin, Artem M. Abakumov and Evgeny V. Antipov
Batteries 2022, 8(10), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100131 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7587
Abstract
Sodium-ion battery technology rapidly develops in the post-lithium-ion landscape. Among the variety of studied anode materials, hard carbons appear to be the realistic candidates because of their electrochemical performance and relative ease of production. This class of materials can be obtained from a [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion battery technology rapidly develops in the post-lithium-ion landscape. Among the variety of studied anode materials, hard carbons appear to be the realistic candidates because of their electrochemical performance and relative ease of production. This class of materials can be obtained from a variety of precursors, and the most ecologically important and interesting route is the synthesis from biomass. In the present work, for the first time, hard carbons were obtained from Heracleum sosnowskyi, a highly invasive plant, which is dangerous for humans and can cause skin burns but produces a large amount of green biomass in a short time. We proposed a simple synthesis method that includes the pretreatment stage and further carbonization at 1300 °C. The effect of the pretreatment of giant hogweed on the hard carbon electrochemical properties was studied. Obtained materials demonstrate >220 mAh g−1 of the discharge capacity, high values of the initial Coulombic efficiency reaching 87% and capacity retention of 95% after 100 charge-discharge cycles in sodium half-cells. Key parameters of the materials were examined by means of different analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The possibility of using the giant hogweed-based hard carbons in real batteries is demonstrated with full sodium-ion cells with NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future)
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13 pages, 3693 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Electrode Thickness on the High-Current Discharge and Long-Term Cycle Performance of a Lithium-Ion Battery
by Dongjian Li, Qiqi Lv, Chunmei Zhang, Wei Zhou, Hongtao Guo, Shaohua Jiang and Zhuan Li
Batteries 2022, 8(8), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8080101 - 21 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5394
Abstract
Six groups of electrodes with different thickness are prepared in the current study by using Li[Ni1/3Co1/3MN1/3]O2 as the active substance; the electrode thicknesses are 71.8, 65.4, 52.6, 39.3, 32.9, and 26.2 μm, respectively, with similar internal [...] Read more.
Six groups of electrodes with different thickness are prepared in the current study by using Li[Ni1/3Co1/3MN1/3]O2 as the active substance; the electrode thicknesses are 71.8, 65.4, 52.6, 39.3, 32.9, and 26.2 μm, respectively, with similar internal microstructures. The effect of electrode thickness on the discharge rate, pulse discharge, internal resistance, and long-term cycle life of a pouch cell are investigated. The results show that, with the decrease in the electrode thickness from 71.8 μm to 26.2 μm, the high-current-discharge performance of the cell gradually improves, the pulse-discharge power density under 50% SOC increases from 1561 W/Kg to 2691 W/Kg, the Rdis decreases from 8.70 mΩ to 3.34 mΩ, and the internal resistance decreases from 3.36 mΩ to 1.21 mΩ. In the long-term cycle-life test, the thinner the electrode thickness, the less the capacity fading of the cell; the internal resistance of the cell is observed with the increase in the cycle index. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future)
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12 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
How the Sodium Cations in Anode Affect the Performance of a Lithium-ion Battery
by Dan Shao, Dewei Rao, Aihua Wu and Xiangyi Luo
Batteries 2022, 8(8), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8080078 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
Large cations such as potassium ion (K+) and sodium ion (Na+) could be introduced into the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery system during material synthesis or battery assembly. However, the effect of these cations on charge storage or electrochemical performance has [...] Read more.
Large cations such as potassium ion (K+) and sodium ion (Na+) could be introduced into the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery system during material synthesis or battery assembly. However, the effect of these cations on charge storage or electrochemical performance has not been fully understood. In this study, sodium ion was taken as an example and introduced into the lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anode through the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder. After the charge/discharge cycles, these ions doped into the LTO lattice and improved both the lithium-ion diffusivity and the electronic conductivity of the anode. The sodium ion’s high concentration (>12.9%), however, resulted in internal doping of Na+ into the LTO lattice, which retarded the transfer of lithium ions due to repulsion and physical blocking. The systematic study presented here shows that large cations with an appropriate concentration in the electrode would be beneficial to the electrochemical performance of the Li-ion battery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Outlook on Present and Future)
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