Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 17148

Special Issue Editor

Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Interests: electrode materials; electrolyte; lithium/sodium/potassium ion batteries; photocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the intermittent nature of clean energy, a mismatch between energy supply and demand arises, which seriously restricts the large-scale application of renewable energy. To improve the utilization efficiency of clean energy, research on high-performance energy storage systems has become an urgent need. High-performance electrode materials are key to improving the electrochemical performance of batteries. Understanding the relationships between electrochemical performance, structure, surface, and the defects of electrode materials is of great significance to the design of electrode materials. In addition, electrolytes are also closely related to the electrochemical performance of batteries. Consequently, the design of high-performance electrolytes is also of interest.

This Special Issue aims to publish high-quality review papers in Batteries which summarize the recent progress related to electrode materials and electrolytes for batteries. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: the synthesis of electrode materials, electrolyte regulation mechanisms, and electrochemical enhancement mechanisms. We also welcome reviews involving the simulation, optimization, and design of integrated devices and flexible energy devices. At the same time, we sincerely hope that this Special Issue can provide some new ideas for the further development of the batteries field.

Dr. Jinliang Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synthesis of electrode materials
  • electrolytes
  • lithium-ion battery
  • sodium-ion battery
  • zinc-ion battery
  • proton battery
  • aqueous secondary battery
  • flow battery
  • metal battery
  • zinc–manganese battery
  • supercapacitors
  • new types of battery
  • flexible energy storage device
  • integrated energy storage devices
  • energy harvesting devices
  • simulation of electrode materials for energy storage devices

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

44 pages, 9076 KiB  
Review
A Tale of Nickel-Iron Batteries: Its Resurgence in the Age of Modern Batteries
by Justine Marie E. Abarro, Jon Nyner L. Gavan, Daniel Eldrei D. Loresca, Maura Andrea A. Ortega, Eugene A. Esparcia, Jr. and Julie Anne D. R. Paraggua
Batteries 2023, 9(7), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070383 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5551
Abstract
The nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) battery is a century-old technology that fell out of favor compared to modern batteries such as lead–acid and lithium-ion batteries. However, in the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest because of its robustness and longevity, making it [...] Read more.
The nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) battery is a century-old technology that fell out of favor compared to modern batteries such as lead–acid and lithium-ion batteries. However, in the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest because of its robustness and longevity, making it well-suited for niche applications, such as off-grid energy storage systems. Currently, extensive research is focused on addressing perennial issues such as iron passivation and hydrogen evolution reaction, which limit the battery’s energy density, cyclability, and rate performance. Despite efforts to modify electrode composition and morphology, these issues persist, warranting a deeper look at the development story of Ni-Fe battery improvements. In this review, the fundamental reaction mechanisms are comprehensively examined to understand the cause of persisting issues. The design improvements for both the anode and cathode of Ni-Fe batteries are discussed and summarized to identify the promising approach and provide insights on future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Batteries)
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16 pages, 56749 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Electrolyte Additives for Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes in Aqueous Zinc Batteries
by Qibin Shen, Yuanduo Wang, Guanjie Han, Xin Li, Tao Yuan, Hao Sun, Yinyan Gong and Taiqiang Chen
Batteries 2023, 9(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050284 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2144
Abstract
Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage devices by virtue of their high specific capacity, high degree of safety, non-toxicity, and significant economic benefits. However, Zn anodes in aqueous electrolyte suffer from zinc dendrites and side reactions, [...] Read more.
Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage devices by virtue of their high specific capacity, high degree of safety, non-toxicity, and significant economic benefits. However, Zn anodes in aqueous electrolyte suffer from zinc dendrites and side reactions, which lead to a low coulombic efficiency and short life cycle of the cell. Since electrolytes play a key role in the Zn plating/stripping process, versatile strategies have been developed for designing an electrolyte to handle these issues. Among these strategies, electrolyte additives are considered to be promising for practical application because of the advantages of low cost and simplicity. Moreover, the resulting electrolyte can maximally preserve the merits of the aqueous electrolyte. The availability and effectiveness of additives have been demonstrated by tens of research works. Up to now, it has been essential and timely to systematically overview the progress of electrolyte additives in mild acidic/neutral electrolytes. These additives are classified as metal ion additives, surfactant additives, SEI film-forming additives, and complexing additives, according to their functions and mechanisms. For each category of additives, their functional mechanisms, as well as the latest developments, are comprehensively elaborated. Finally, some perspectives into the future development of additives for advanced AZBs are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Batteries)
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18 pages, 4920 KiB  
Review
Impact of Surface Structure on SEI for Carbon Materials in Alkali Ion Batteries: A Review
by Xvtong Zhao, Ying Chen, Hao Sun, Tao Yuan, Yinyan Gong, Xinjuan Liu and Taiqiang Chen
Batteries 2023, 9(4), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040226 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2385
Abstract
Due to their low cost, suitable working potential and high stability, carbon materials have become an irreplaceable anode material for alkali ion batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and potassium ion batteries. During the initial charge, electrolyte is reduced to [...] Read more.
Due to their low cost, suitable working potential and high stability, carbon materials have become an irreplaceable anode material for alkali ion batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and potassium ion batteries. During the initial charge, electrolyte is reduced to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the carbon anode surface, which is an electron insulator but a good ion conductor. Thus, a stable surface passivation is obtained, preventing the decomposition of electrolyte in the following cycles. It has been widely accepted that SEI is essential for the long-term performance of batteries, such as calendar life and cycle life. Additionally, the initial coulombic efficiency, rate capability as well as safety of the batteries are dramatically influenced by the SEI. Extensive research efforts have been made to develop advanced SEI on carbon materials via optimization of electrolytes, including solutes, solvents and additives, etc. However, SEI is produced via the catalytic decomposition of electrolyte by the surface of electrode materials. The surface structure of the carbon material is another important aspect that determines the structure and property of SEI, which little attention has been paid to in previous years. Hence, this review is dedicated to summarizing the impact of the surface structure of carbon materials on the composition, structure and electrochemical performance of the SEI in terms of surface atoms exposed, surface functionalization, specific surface area and pore structure. Some insights into the future development of SEI from the perspective of carbon surface are also offered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Batteries)
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20 pages, 4194 KiB  
Review
Mini-Review on the Regulation of Electrolyte Solvation Structure for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
by Bixia Wang, Hui Xu, Jiayi Hao, Jinchao Du, Chun Wu, Zhen Ma and Wei Qin
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020073 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3094
Abstract
Zinc as an anode, with low potential (−0.762 V vs. SHE) and high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1 or 5854 mAh L−1), shows great promise for energy storage devices. The aqueous zinc ion battery (ZIB) is known as a prospective [...] Read more.
Zinc as an anode, with low potential (−0.762 V vs. SHE) and high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1 or 5854 mAh L−1), shows great promise for energy storage devices. The aqueous zinc ion battery (ZIB) is known as a prospective candidate for large-scale application in the future due to its high safety, environmental friendliness, abundant zinc resources on earth, and low-cost advantages. However, the existence of zinc dendrites and side reactions limit the practical application of ZIBs. Therefore, a lot of effort has been made to improve the performance from aspects including the structure design and surface modification of zinc anodes, regulation of the electrolyte solvation structure, and design of the functional separator. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent advances on the regulation of the electrolyte solvation structure through a number of selected representative works from two aspects: high-concentration salt strategy and electrolyte additives. At the end of this review, the challenges and future development prospects are briefly outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Batteries)
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25 pages, 6030 KiB  
Review
Recent Development of Electrolyte Engineering for Sodium Metal Batteries
by Yingying Ji, Jiabao Li and Jinliang Li
Batteries 2022, 8(10), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100157 - 04 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3176
Abstract
Intermittent renewable energy requires a powerful energy storage system to smoothen the relationship between power generation and power consumption. Due to the rapidly rising price of Li resources, the development of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been severely limited. Therefore, developing high-efficiency and low-cost [...] Read more.
Intermittent renewable energy requires a powerful energy storage system to smoothen the relationship between power generation and power consumption. Due to the rapidly rising price of Li resources, the development of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been severely limited. Therefore, developing high-efficiency and low-cost Na-ion batteries has become an alternative to energy storage systems. The high potential plateau of most anode materials urges the exploration of the ultimate anode, the Na metal anode. However, three big dilemmas regarding Na metal anodes, including the formation of Na dendrites, the formation of dead Na, and the continuous appearance of bare Na lead to the degradation of the performance of Na metal batteries (NMBs). In this review, we mainly summarize the recent progress to address these dilemmas for NMBs by electrolyte optimization. We firstly discuss the liquid electrolyte progresses to improve the Na metal anode’s electrochemical performance by solvent chemistry, salt chemistry, and additive. In addition, considering the ultimate goal of NMBs is solid-state batteries, we also discuss the recent progress of polymer electrolytes and all-solid-state electrolytes for Na metal anodes and summarize the enhancement of Na-ion transport mechanisms and interface engineering mechanisms of different solid-state electrolytes. Furthermore, the critical challenges and new perspectives of NMBs using electrolyte optimization are also emphasized. We believe that our review will provide insight to conduct more comprehensive and effective electrolyte engineering for high-performance NMBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Batteries)
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